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Cell Biology in Czech Lower-secondary Biology Textbooks
Zupko, Jakub ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Kuba, Radim (referee)
Cell biology is a dynamic but also complex and abstract scientific field. Therefore, it is crucial that teachers have sufficient quality teaching material to teach it. This paper aims to assess the quality of the cell biology chapters in five Czech textbooks for 6th-grade science. Specifically, the textbooks of Fraus, Nová Škola, Prodos, SPN and Taktik publishers are the set under study. The content analysis of the textbooks focuses on six aspects: scope of the material, terminology, difficulty of the explanatory text (measured by the Hrabí method), content accuracy, the cognitive difficulty of the accompanying tasks (according to Bloom's taxonomy) and the nature of the non- verbal component of the textbooks. Differences were found in the didactic equipment and the correctness of the content of individual textbooks. In four of the five explanatory texts it is possible to find incorrect information (at least three and at most twelve false statements). Most of the accompanying tasks are aimed at the lowest levels of Bloom's taxonomy. The nonverbal component on average occupies almost one-third of the page space, with the most common type of pictorial component being a sketch. The most suitable textbook, based on the examined criteria, is the textbook published by SPN, followed by the textbook...
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Factors influencing the approach and motivation of primary and secondary school pupils to learn first aid
Havlíková, Barbara ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Poupová, Jana (referee)
The first aid education is an effective way how to emphasize the importance of the first aid among wide society. School children are enthusiastic to gain new knowledge, have good learning dispositions and high rate of retention of gained knowledge. This makes them the best target group how to nurture population which will be educated and trained in the first aid. In those countries, where the first aid education is a mandatory part of school curricula, survival rates of sudden cardiac arrest increase significantly. The scope of this bachelor thesis is to gather information from expert studies and to create a literature review of the factors influencing the approach and motivation of primary and secondary school pupils to learn first aid. The thesis focus particularly on factors influencing approach of school children to the first aid education and which expert learning methods could be the most appropriate if we consider age specifics of children. An important part of this thesis is a summary of gathered knowledge about how to improve effectiveness of the first aid education at elementary and secondary schools (ie. whether lessons led by teachers or experts are more effective way).
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The physiological aspects of drowning
Peňázová, Petra ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Jaroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issues of drowning. It is concerned as a big global and life-threatening problem. In the Czech Republic it is the most common death of person, that is being rescued. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a review of original research regarding the given topic and help to inform general public, especially lifeguards about drowning. Even professionally educated persons such as lifeguards have to attend emergency courses that aim at this problem. Water rescuers needs to not only learn how to spot drowning person and try to rescue that person. They also need to learn many other skills related to their profession. From a physiological point of view, it is very important how, in which environment and during which conditions drowning has happened. Working as a lifeguard is very physically and mentaly demanding profession. Due to this fact thesis, includes stress physiology chapters. Rescuers performance is effected by broad-spectrum of stressors mostly caused by getting in touch with many people. Key words: drowning, respiratory system, lifeguard, stress reaction, stressor
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Analysis of Misconceptions with Regard of First Aid Topic among Teachers and General Population of Czech Republic
Křečková, Adéla ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Poupová, Jana (referee)
First aid is defined as a set of simple procedures that effectively reduce the extants or consequences of the threats to health or life. The first aid procedures are defined in the so- called Guidelines published by the European Resuscition Council (ERC) every five years. Even so, wrong procedures and myths are still present in the population. These could endanger peoples' health or cause death. In this diploma thesis, these incorrect procedures are called misconceptions. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the present misconceptions among general population and teachers in the Czech Republic, their dispersion and sources. The outcomes of this study are compared with results of the Czech Elementary school and Grammar school teachers determined by Zvěřinová (2018). Secondary aim is to analyze dissemination of misconceptions among the respondents from general public that had some first aid training in their life and to find out, if the extant of the training is relevant. Also, the level of first aid training at all levels of education is assessed. The research was realized by an online questionnaire. The main part of the questionnaire contains 10 case studies and the respondents decide on accuracy of the given solutions. The research sample consists of 1 046 respondents from three categories...
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Analysis of First Aid Misconceptions among Teachers at Elementary and Grammar Schools in the Czech Republic
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Nodžáková, Kateřina (referee)
Appropriate first aid should be one of the basic skills every citizen has. This obligation is based on the law of the Czech Republic. The European Resuscitation Council regularly publishes recommended procedures for resuscitation and first aid, called the Guidelines (currently "2015"). This document defines the correct procedures, that should be followed when providing or teaching first aid. Nonetheless, misconceptions often persist in the common population. This is often the case of outdates procedures, inaccuracies or myths that can significantly reduce the chance of convalescence of even endanger the life of the injured person. Teachers encounter pupils who require appropriate treatment of first aid. Therefore they should be trained in current first aid procedures and thus form a suitable focus group for this reaserch. This diploma thesis aimed to describe the extension of misconceptions in first aid and to find the most frequent sources involved in disseminating this information. Two groups of the Czech teachers were analysed - science teachers and teachers of other selected subjects. Through the presented case studies, the level of knowledge in the field of first aid (the extension of misconceptions) was determined as well as where the respondent obtained the given information. Key words first...
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Influence of birth order and sex of siblings on sexual behavior and preferences
Daňková, Hana ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Krejčová, Lucie (referee)
Ontogeny of a human being is influenced by several innate and environmental factors. One of the key environmental factors is family, its structure, and the dynamics of family relationships. These can depend, among other things, on the birth order. Relatively a lot of research has been conducted to study the effect of birth order on humans, but the area of human sexuality is often neglected. Research in this area has so far yielded relatively inconsistent results and needs to be expanded further with new knowledge. That is the main goal of this diploma thesis. In our cross-sectional study, 4495 subjects from two-child families were analyzed. We performed a partial correlation analysis of birth order and selected variables related to human sexuality, considering the sex of siblings. Particular attention was paid to the first sexual experience, the number of sexual partners, sociosexual orientation (SOI-R), and dominant-submissive sexual preferences. We found that the order of birth is related to several of these variables (age of first sexual experience, number of sexual partners, sexual preferences), but the key role is played by the combination of the individual's gender and the sex of his sibling. These results should be followed up by more detailed research within specific families to verify the...
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The influence of birth order on chosen mental disorders
Havlová, Adéla ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Tureček, Petr (referee)
This work provides a basic introduction to the problematic of how the birth order affects human mental health. It explores the effects of birth order on three selected mental disorders: schizofrenia, anxiety and depression. The introduction provides explanation of basic terms and formulations for better orientation in this topic. There are several studies exploring the birth order effects on human mental health included in this work. The researches show, that in case of schizophrenia, the effect may apply to last born children, in the case of anxiety, the effect may apply to middle children and in the case of depression, it applies to firstborns. This work uses knowledge from fields of psychology, biology, evolutionary biology and human ethology.
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The phenomenon of disgust and its relationship to first aid
Váňová, Barbora ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Schwambergová, Dagmar (referee)
The bachelor thesis investigates the phenomenon of disgust and its relationship to first aid. The main aim of this thesis is to review empirical research regarding the given topic and to outline possible connection between disgust and first aid. Disgust is the affective component of the behavioral immune system and, together with the help of the perceptual and cognitive components, is responsible for recognizing and evaluating the potential risk of stimuli. Subsequently influences an individual's behaviour, in order to avoid contact with a potentially infectious object or person. Behavioral immune system and disgust have evolved as a primary defence against fitness reduction due to infection by pathogen or parasite. Other dimensions of disgust (sexual, moral disgust) focus on another person as a risky stimulus. The following chapters summarize essential information about the function of the behavioral immune system, the evolutionary significance of disgust, important models of disgust and factors that affect sensitivity to disgust. The second part of the thesis focuses on fundamental information about first aid and aspects that positively and negatively affect the willingness to deliver first aid. Disgust reaction can be revealed as a part of some first aid factors and could affect the willingness...
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The influence of step family on human personality
Chrenová, Karolína ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis focuses on dynamics in blended and stepfamilies. The work focuses on relationships between their members and provides a basic insight into its ways of influence on human personality. Theories from evolutionary biology are also introduced, with focus on the issue of parental care and sibling rivalry. These theories provide inside on possible evolutionary causes and explanations of conflicts between family members. The thesis pursues general characteristic of all family members and its dynamics, including findings of psychologists and confrontates it with results of experimental studies. This work seeks a more comprehensive view of the family system with a focus not only on the relationship between the stepchild and stepparents, but also on the relationship with other family members, such as half-siblings and grandparents. The results are discused with focus on how the quality of these relationships influences personality development, marital and partner life of the individual and his learning abilities. Key words family, blended family, stepfamily, stepfather, stepmother, stepsiblings, half-siblings, grandparents, parental care, personality, partnership, marriage, sibling rivalry, evolutionary psychology
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