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Prokaryotic proteins of antioxidant defense in Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes
Smutná, Tamara ; Hrdý, Ivan (advisor) ; Horváth, Anton (referee) ; Kopáček, Petr (referee)
Parasitic protists with modified mitochondria represent important and exciting group of organisms, not only from the view of eukaryotic cell evolution but also because these parasites are causative agents of serious and widespread diseases. The study and understanding of their biology is thus necessary for the development of new antiparasitic drugs. These organisms reside in host body cavities with low concentrations of oxygen and while they lack typical mitochondria, they possess mitochondrion-related organelles which still integrate many physiologically important processes. Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic flagellate inhabiting mucosal surface of vagina. Instead of canonical mitochondria, T. vaginalis possesses organelles termed hydrogenosomes. These organelles harbor pathways of ATP-generating metabolism via substrate-level phosphorylation, dependent on enzymes prone to oxidative damage, such as pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and Fe-Fe hydrogenase. Because the environment of trichomonads is not fully anaerobic, the parasite had to develop complex strategies to cope with both oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by host immune system cells. Recent data from T. vaginalis proteomic and genomic analyses revealed the presence of bacterial-type proteins potentially participating...
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Enzymes and other factors affectiing leishmania development in sand flies
Ječná, Lucie ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Bilej, Martin (referee) ; Kopáček, Petr (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis focuses on enzymes and other molecules that affect leishmania development in their vectors. It summarizes results of three published project and one publication in preparation. It has been proposed that cysteine peptidase inhibitor (ICP) of Leishmania mexicana protects this protozoan parasite from insect proteolytic enzymes, and therefore promotes their survival in the sand fly vector. To test this hypothesis, L. mexicana mutants deficient in ICP were evaluated for their ability to develop in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. The experiments showed that ICP of L. mexicana has no major role in promoting leishmania survival in the vectorial part of its life cycle. In addition, recombinant L. mexicana ICP did not inhibit peptidase activity of L. longipalpis midgut extracts in vitro. Another objective of this thesis was to study the attachment of leishmania to the midgut epithelium of their vectors. Laboratory studies examining the development of different Leishmania species in a range of phlebotomine species suggest that sand flies fall into two groups: specific and permissive vectors. In the specific vectors, successful parasite development is mediated by the parasite surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG), while this LPG is not required for the attachment in permissive vectors. Our...
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Peptidases of Trematodes
Kašný, Martin ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Kopáček, Petr (referee) ; Haas, Wilfried (referee)
90 3. SUMMARY The text above refers about the majority of characterized trematode peptidases; the fundamental enzymes for trematode existence, which are integrated in many physiological processes like pathogenesis, tissue invasion/migration, nutrition, immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. In the history (until 1996), the peptidase catalytic activities in trematode extracts have been monitored. During 1980s and 1990s, the information of first cloned trematode peptidase genes were published and during last three decades cca 90 trematode peptidase sequences belonging to 19 peptidase families of 5 clans have been identified. The most studied trematode peptidases have been of Schistosoma mansoni origin: the serine peptidase - cercarial elastase (of cercariae), cysteine peptidases - cathepsins B, L, F, C plus the asparaginyl endopeptidase SmAE and the aspartic peptidase - cathepsin D (of adult worms and some other life stages). The recent computational cluster analysis revealed that the sequence S. mansoni elastase (the main cercarial penetration enzyme) is quite divergent from other serine peptidases of the S1 family. Cercarial elastase gene was proved in S. mansoni, S. haematobium and Schistosomatium douthitti, but not in the related S. japonicum. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed cercarial...
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Mixing and kneading machine
Kopáček, Petr ; Anderle, Martin (referee) ; Prokeš, František (advisor)
This diploma work deals with design of the mixing and kneading machine which works with heated mixed components. The components consist of PET, HDPE, silica sand and additives. First, there is introduced knowledge from accessible sources, which are concerned with the theme. Then follows projection of variants and selection of suitable solution. With the help of obtained konwledge and the chosen variant is performed design proces. In the end is created a concept assemble of the machine. The design proces includes projecting of the individual parts, strength verification of the basic elements and design of heating device.
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Contemporary design of rotary compressors, prevention of their surge
Kopáček, Petr ; Roupec, Jakub (referee) ; Nevrlý, Josef (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with design of rotary compressors with analyse prevention of their surge. The first part is concerned with description of basic terms, which are important to understanding studied problem. Then, attention is given to literature, from which are gathered needed data. A description of design of rotary compressors aimed at prevention of surge follows. After that, the thesis is focused at antisurge control of rotary compressors, with consideration to Greitzers model.
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