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The financing of local authorities in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic
Ženíšková, Petra ; Čermák, Jiří (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
As the name suggests, the thesis is focused on the issue of financing of municipalities in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, with a sub-aim of the thesis presents the comparison of the systems of budgetary allocation of taxes in both countries. The theoretical part, namely the literature review, defines the public sector, state administration and territorial self-government, defines villages, their revenues and expenditure and, finally, describes the systems of budgetary allocation of taxes. The core of the second, analytical part consists of a targeted analysis of the management of the selected municipalities, i.e. municipalities of the Czech and of the Slovak, in the years 2009-2014. This part also contains a brief description of the selected municipalities and model calculations of the predicted and hypothetical revenues ( according to the model of financing of the second state), with which it is carried out the comparison of the systems of budgetary allocation of taxes of the two states. At the conclusion of the thesis are described and evaluated the results.
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Analysis of economy selected towns or villages
Vodolánová, Lucie ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Diploma thesis "Analysis of economy selected towns or villages", deals with the analysis of incomes and expenses in municipalities of Řimovice and Trhový Štěpánov in the years 2009 - 2014. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical part.
Theoretical part of the thesis is based on the study of technical literature and concentrates on the explanation of basic terms related to municipality management and operation and on the brief characteristic of selected municipalities.
The practical part deals with the analysis of municipal management, which is based on the gained underlying data. For the evaluation of municipality management, financial ratios, time series and the self-sufficiency rate is used. Also, the practical part includes a questionnaire survey carried out in municipality of Řimovice, which serves to find out the satisfaction with the municipality management among inhabitants.
The results of analyses, selected indicators and the questionnaire survey in the municipality of Řimovice show following conclusions: Both municipalities faced with the deficit budget in the monitored period, caused mainly by investment activities. Deficits were settled mostly through the approved loans. The municipality of Trhový Štěpánov uses more the available grants for its funding than the municipality of Řimovice, which was also one of the things that the inhabitants of Řimovice were not satisfied with in the questionnaire survey. However, the management of both municipalities can be considered stable.
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Basic comparison winter wheat and neighboring flowering strip
Suchý, Viktor ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Summary
The winter wheat belongs to the staple crop not only around the whole world, but also in the Czech Republic, where it has been grown on about 38 percent of the cultivated land and, regarding the general share of cereals, on 60 percent of the cultivated land. Since the cereals do not provide nectar, nor are they the valuable source of pollen, as regards to the diversity of insects the cereals provide rather poor environment. The lack of food resources for the living species of insects in the agricultural landscape influenced by the high ratio of cereals should be compensated by flowering strips. Regardless of the potential of the flowering strips to support the biodiversity of insects in landscapes, the flowering strips could boost useful species of insects in surrounding plants and help with pest control.
In 2014 the research experiment on a flowering nectar-rich biostrip supposedly improving the presence of pollinators as well as natural enemies was done on the field of the research station in Uhrineves, Prague. In autumn 2014 the winter wheat was sowed and then in spring 2015 the flowering strips consisting of 12 plant species were sowed along one side of the winter wheat field. The observations of the insect species presence were always conducted during favourable climatic conditions from the beginning of June until the harvest of winter wheat in late July. Insect captures were conducted using Moericke traps method once or twice a week and sweep-netting method once every two weeks. The number of insects species such as predators (Coccinellidae, Cantharidae, Staphylinidae), parasitoids (Hymenoptera parasitica) and pollinators (Syrphidae) were observed. Simultaneously, the intensity of flowering including species of weeds was assessed. The open flowers were counted on four unchanged spots on the field, the area of 1 square metre. MS Excel was used for data processing.
The hypothesis of the project has been confirmed. Using the sweepnetting methods, the higher number of monitored insect species has been found in the flowering strips compared to the wheat vegetation. Significantly higher number of parasitic wasps specimens has been observed. The sweepnetting method is considered as an appropriate in comparison to Moericke traps, which have been luring the insects in the vicinity, but have not proved the real presence of insects in the cover.
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Basic comparison of insect species diversity in various varieties of winter oilseed rape and neighboring flowering strip
Souček, Jiří ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Rape seed is an very important crop in Czech republic. It is and economic plant and also good plant for another plants sowned another year. This caused that a lot of fields is sowned with rape seed. Rape seed is demanding a lot of chemistry against pests. This cause that in those fields is lower insect biodiversity. Flowering strips could be helpful to get higher insect biodiversity. Also it could help to decrease pests in rape seed.
Research was observing insect predators (Syrphidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinillidae, Cantharidae) and parasitoids (Hymenoptera parasitica).
Moericke traps were not a good choice for measurments of insect predators and it didnt prove higher diversity of those predators. However, Moerickeho traps proved that higher number of Brassicogethes were correlating with higher number of parasitoids.
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Analysis of Timber Sales in Electronic Auctions and Assessment of Production Technologies at Forest District Kraslice
Ksandr, Václav ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The thesis analyzes sales of timberusing EADN (Electronicwoodauctions) systemwith a focus on determiningamount of timberavailable on stock in Lesy České republiky, s.p. (theForests of the Czech Republic) and in privatesubject in this market by variousmethods. Themaintaskwas to analyzethesale of timber in electronicauctions and evaluatetechnologiesused in Lesní správa Kraslice (theForest Administration in Kraslice).
The thesis containstheresults of myownmeasurements in harvestedareas in vegetationgroups in theyears 2013, 2014, 2015 in Lesy České republiky, s.p. - Lesní správa Kraslice. The thesis alsofocuses on methods of determiningamount of timberavailable on stock and theexpectedprice (limit) foritssale.Theresults are compared and evaluatedwiththeprivate entity
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Historical development of wetlands in agricultural landscape
Majdanicsová, Andrea ; Richter, Pavel (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the historical development of wetlands, especially in the agricultural landscape. The first part is processed in the form of research in which the historical development of the landscape, they are characterized by wetlands whether their classification, function and development in the Czech Republic and abroad. The following explains the landscape mapping systems and concepts relating to nature conservation. The second part deals with selected sites, their specifications and comparing the changes in the landscape using archival stable cadastre maps and II. Military Survey maps current.
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Financial analysis of chosen company
Krejčík, Martin ; Gebeltová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is a financial analysis of chosen company. The goal of diploma thesis is to evaluate the management of the ELCO Nymburk s.r.o. company between the years of 2010 and 2014 with the methods of financial analysis and to potentially devise certain improvements in areas which did not reach sufficient results.
The financial analysis was prepared based on the financial statements of ELCO Nymburk s.r.o. from the examined years.
The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the data sources needed for the financial analysis, the users who use the financial analysis and subsequently the methods of financial analysis themselves.
In the practical part the ELCO Nymburk s.r.o. company is introduced and the financial analysis itself is subsequently created based on the data collected from the financial statements of the company. The financial analysis is composed of horizontal or vertical analysis, analysis of differential and financial ratios and the analysis of the systems of indicators.
The final part of the thesis summarizes all the results of the financial analysis and proposes possible improvements which should lead to the improvement of the future situation of the worst evaluated indicators.
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Productivity dynamics of herb layer in the thermophilous oakwood in the Nature Reservation Na Voskopě (Czech Karst) with respect to the solar radiation intensity
Mevald, Ondřej ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The Nature Reserve Na Voskopě is a special site where a long-term experiment was established in 2013, dealing with the switch of a long abandoned coppice back to its actively managed form. The project aims to examine the long-term impact of the proposed measures on the structure and diversity of plant species in herb layer especially in lighter woods at lower altitudes. The specific aim of this study was to examine the hypothesized crucial role of light conditions on the dynamics of plant biomass production in the undergrowth of such experimentally opened up thermophilous oak-dominated stand. A design was set up based on 40 permanent plots, where there were taken biomass samples from the herb layer in 2015. Further on, hemispherical images of forest canopy were photographed in the centre of each permanent plot. These images were evaluated in the analytical program WinScanopy, which calculates the amount of direct and diffuse radiation. The obtained datasets were evaluated by the regression analysis. The only decisive variable affecting the productivity of the herb layer turned to be diffuse radiation. The biomass data were also compared with light conditions sampled in the previous season (2014) as a part of ongoing experimental research. Season 2014 is characterized as a normal one and we managed to find a much stronger relationship between light conditions in 2014 and biomass productivity in 2015. Light conditions in season 2015 were significantly affected by the extremely dry and hot weather leading to strong defoliation of forest canopy. Still, we managed to demonstrate the positive impact of light conditions for the production of herb layer biomass. Weather extremes may also indicate an increase in biomass production in the next season, since a significant proportion of nutrients remained unused in the soil due to stopping the growth of vegetation. The current composition of the vegetation is very often determined by the extreme events in the abiotic environment occurring not long ago. Hemispherical images also proved as a very effective way to determine the light conditions, so it is also recommended to use for further research.
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Development, causalities and perspectives of cultivation of genetically modified and "clear field" crops in the context of world agriculture.
Němečková, Lucie ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The introduction of genetically modified crops raised controversial reactions that divide not only the professional community into two camps. Considering that rapeseed, soya beans and corn belong to the most important crops of the world, significant attention is given to the development of their GM varieties. Based on available information, a comparative study was compiled involving the effects of genetically modified varieties of these crops on the environment, human and animal health and socio-economic area.
The cultivation of genetically modified crops is profitable especially for companies developing these varieties and for the growers. However it was found that the reduction of the amount of applied herbicides was not achieved as expected. Additionally a negative affect of the active herbicide substances on the environment and human and animal health has been shown. There is a positive impact of the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to less frequent entries into the stands. Feeding with GM products also manifested in negative way. There is a very risky possibility of crossing and emergence of resistant weeds, in particular rape and related species as well. The reduction of biodiversity, which is often discussed, was not confirmed in all cases. The changes in the microbial community in the soil have been demonstrated. The coexistence of GM crops with conventional agriculture, and even more ecological agriculture has been shown as problematic.
In accordance with the findings, it is recommended to follow the precautionary principles, to follow the varied crop rotation and to target the production to sustainable agriculture, verified by time and experience.
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Influence of growth stimulators on physiological characteristics by hops plants (""Humulus lupulus"" L.)
Bazika, Václav ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
At growing Saaz variety is the target to reach the highest yield of hop´s cones and high content of alpha acids. The average content of this acids in Saaz variety is in the range from 2,5 to 4,5 %. The growers effort is to reach the higher number of this range because the final selling price is given by content of alpha acids. During the active growth of hops, grower can targeted stimulate the hops to positively affect the physiological processes. Then he can reach better yield of valuable alpha acids and that´s why the target of this diploma thesis was to fix the influence of growth stimulators on physiological processes on the yield of hop´s cones and the yield of alpha acids. And based on the results to identify the suitability of using growth stimulators during the intense hops growing. Following scientific hypothesis were designed: determine the plants reaction diversity on growth stimulator. For reaching the targets and confirm or reject the hypothesis was observed in natural conditions nearby the Chrastany region the plants of Saaz (clone 72) in interaction with the usage of growth stimulators. These stimulators were used: Humastar, Fertileader Vital, Lignoaktivátor. There were four variants: controled with no aplication and three other variants with usage of growth stimulators (for each variant were apllied only one stimulator for three times).
The influence of growth stimulators on hops plants (phase BBCH from 37 to 81) was observed on the basis of the rate of gas exchanges, chlorophyl fluorescence and the leaves chlorophyl content, which were measured by infrared gas analyzer LCpro+ (ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain), OS 1-FL (OPTI SCIENCES), Chlorofyl CCM 200 ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain) After the crop was evaluated the yield of hop´s cones and the content of alpha acids, beta acids and essentials oils.
The results of measurment indicates that the highest average transpiration rate was observed after Humastar application (+18,3 % against control variant). In the control variant was found the lowest average transpiration rate from all variants. The highest photosynthesis rate was found after Fertileader Vital application (+7 % against control variant). Decrease of photosynthesis rate about 17 % against the control variant was observed after Humastar application. The differences was also observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest Fv/Fm value reached the hop´s plants after Fertileader Vital application, concretely 0,792. On the other hand the lowest Fv/Fm value was observed after Lignoaktivátor application (0,780). After the application of all tested growth stimulators were reached increase of a pigment´s content in hop´s leaves against the control variant. The highest content of pigments were observed after Fertileader Vital application (+19,2 % against control variant). Control variant reached the average content of pigments in hop´s leaves 25,5 chlorophyll units. Differences after the growth stimulation was also observed in yield and quality of dry hop´s cones. The highest yield reached the Lignoaktivátor variant (0,73 t/ha). This is an increase of 17,7 % against the control variant (0,62 t/ha). The yield of hop´s cones was decreased of 8,1 % against the control variant after Humastar application. The similiar trends were also observed in hop´s cones quality. The highest content of alpha acids (3,06 %) was reached after Lignoaktivátor application and at the same time Lignoaktivátor variant also achieved the highest content of essentials oils per 100 g of a sample (0,22 ml). Humastar variant had the lowest content of alpha acids (2,18 %) and also the lowest content of essential oils (0,14 ml).
Based on the results it can be stated that the used growth stimulators had the influence on the physiological characteristics of hop´s plants and also affected the different yield and quality of hop´s cones. Proposed hypothesis were confirmed. Based on the one-year results, application of Fertileader Vital or Lignoaktivátor seems to bee more profitable than Humastar application.
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