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Interaction of architecture with geomagnetic field
Holá, Magda ; Ing.David Eyer (referee) ; RNDr.Eleonora Čermáková (referee) ; Menšíková, Naděžda (referee) ; Žabičková, Ivana (advisor)
With the application of new technological trends and principles of scientific research in general, places on environmental influences (everything what surrounds human - building interior and exterior materials, urban areas) and also with sustainable development and ecology, etc., and on health and psychological well-being humans and thus puts on architecture and building entirely new demands on the application of new principles. Due to global climate change, which recently published the official report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are placed on reducing the emissions into the atmosphere greater demands on. If architects previously were requested by the client, building with optimal solutions and functional expression of aesthetic quality, so now in addition to increasing demand on building´s solution with low power consumption using environmentally friendly materials from renewable resources and completely satisfying idea of sustainable development. Global societal trends is reverting to the traditional approaches to creating an environment (the application of natural materials, Feng Shui, Building Biology, etc.). The growing trend in today's society on issues of sustainable development, conservation of natural conditions, examining the effects of construction on human health and psychological well-being, which the aims bring together experts seemingly unrelated fields such as geophysics, medicine, architecture, civil engineering, etc., and their findings, according to aspects of the disciplines draw general rules of healthy living. Emerging and still evolving field aims to examine the relationship between man and his environment. The logical starting point is therefore in the context of examining the structure of the first dwelling. Buildings where people spend at least one third of their life. Building, whose location, orientation, mass, materials used in building itself as well as those that surround people in the interior, and many others will affect the physical and physiological action. Not only health but also mental well-being of man is as much determined by a whole range of relationships and linkages. Structural system guidelines for healthy living is the main reason of the work, clear what assumptions we have taken into account in the design and how it specifically relates to a quality place to rest – the Geomagnetic field is one of the base point, which lead to healthy living. Interaction of architecture and geomagnetic field and their values are processed in the evaluation system. It would lead to clarification of the relationship between the occurrence of these anomalies and building materials, construction, site selection for construction of buildings and other solutions. I will desribing the relationship between human´s health and the incidence of these artificial or natural anomalies at the same time.
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Economic and Financial Evaluation of the Development Project
Švára, Karel ; Holá, Michaela (referee) ; Hromádka, Vít (advisor)
The work deals with the evaluation of economic effectiveness and financial feasibility of the real development project. The theoretical part is devoted to the characteristic of term of investment, describes its types and strategies, types of investment project and thein financing options. Then there are defined phases of an investment process and there are described the methods of an economic and financial evaluation of investment projects. In the practical part there is made the characteristic of project and its evaluation. It is structured into two parts. In the first part there is reviewed the real situation of financing and in the second part there is evaluated a variant with a measure for financing of the project. The project is evaluated at the end.
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Advanced Interferometric Methods of Coordinates Measurement
Holá, Miroslava ; Klapetek,, Petr (referee) ; Mrňa, Libor (referee) ; Lazar, Josef (advisor)
This thesis addresses particular topics in the field of the length metrology for nanometrology. Nanometrology deals with dimensional measurements of micro- and nanostructures with a high spatial resolution. It typically combines a microscope imaging with a precise coordinate measurement, usually capable of nanometre resolution using the state-of-art laser interferometry techniques. The development in this field is driven, among others, by emerging advanced nanotechnologies that demand to push further the capabilities and limits of the interferometric techniques to make the nanometre-level dimensional measurement of nanostructures possible. The principal limitations of current systems are the environmental conditions and especially the fluctuations in the refractive index of air. The theoretical part of this thesis aim at analysis of individual parts of laser interferometer. I oriented myself on the study of their advantages/disadvantages and further also the possibilities of their industrial applications. The second part of the thesis presents my work that focused on the influence of the refractive index of air (RIA) on the measurement uncertainty. I experimentally demonstrated an interferometric system with a self-cancellation RIA fluctuations: a transparent photodetector is used for the measurement of the standing wave along the axis of a passive resonator, where the resonator also serves as a reference for the laser wavelength stabilisation. Another optical arrangement, based on a setup of several Michelson interferometers, represents a combination of an interferometer and a refractometer into a single system. This setup was used to study the behaviour of the ambient airflow with respect to the optical path difference and physical separation of the interferometer’s and refractometer’s path. Based on the experimental results I proposed new arrangements for shape measuring interferometers, which combine length interferometry and a tracking refractometer for the direct compensation of RIA fluctuations with geometrically adjacent optical beams. The results indicate an improvement in RIA fluctuation induced uncertainty by a factor of 100. Third part describes the design and implementation of interferometric systems for specific applications. For the industrial environment I developed a compact interferometric displacement gauge which is designed to allow nanometre level measurement using a simplified interferometer construction. For coordinate measurement of the position of the sample up to six degrees of freedom, I realised a compact modular interferometric system, which represents a unique setup together with a stabilised laser source. To measure the position of the sample in an electron beam writer chamber, I designed and implemented a differential interferometer that works in the near infrared domain and uses a new detection method developed for this system. In the fourth part I describe the realisation of a high-speed interferometer with a differential arrangement, which allows evaluation of high-cycle fatigue in material engineering. This method of studying high-cycle fatigue should be beneficial for both the basic research and the engineering practice.
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Evaluation of Economic Efficiency and Risks of Projects of Roads in South-Moravian Region
Kovář, Jakub ; Holá, Michaela (referee) ; Hromádka, Vít (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of Evaluation of Economic Efficiency and Risks of Projects of Roads in South-Moravian Region. The first part of the thesis is theoretical. In the introduction defines the life cycle of an investment project. The studies and documentation of project are described. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the methodological evaluation of the effectiveness of public projects. The practical part of the thesis is aimed on the processing of economic and risk analysis. The evaluated project is the reconstruction of road and the construction of a new bridge structure on the road II/374 between the village Bílovice nad Svitavou and the town Adamov. The eCBA application was used to evaluate efficiency. A qualitative risk analysis of the project is carried out at the end of this thesis.
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Risk Analysis in Transport Infrastructure Projects
Hašek, Jiří ; Holá, Michaela (referee) ; Hromádka, Vít (advisor)
The subject of the master’s thesis is a risk analysis in transport infrastructure projects. In the theoretical part, I deal with public sector, life cycle of the project, evaluation of public projects, conception of risk, clasification of risk, risk analysis and valuation of the risk. In the practical section I process risk analysis of the project in transport infrastucture.
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Characterization and elimination of thermomechanical effects in interferometric length measurement
Řeřucha, Šimon ; Holá, Miroslava ; Lazar, Josef ; Mikel, Břetislav ; Číp, Ondřej
Continuous efforts to develop dimensional measurements at both the nano- and macro-scale continue to present challenges in extending high-precision measurement procedures from the well-controlled experimental environment of a typically single measurement cycle to a constant-load production environment. In the field of laser interferometry, which is both a cornerstone of length metrology in general and an essential part of nanometrology, we have focused on long-term measurement stability (so-called zero-drift) in measurement scenarios and applications based on (mostly laser) interferometry. A well-characterized and compensated measurement zero-drift in such applications becomes more important both with applications in less controlled environments and with increasing measurement timeframes, such as long scans in microscopic nanometrology, long exposures in electron lithography, or interferometric reference calibrations with a larger number of calibration points or repetitions. The goal of the current research effort is to comprehensively investigate error effects and contributions to measurement uncertainty related to zero-drift in laser interferometry-based applications, with a particular focus on temperature effects (as these typically appear to be the dominant contribution) and approaches to suppress them. This effort involves several complementary directions.
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Frequency references and dissemination
Hrabina, Jan ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Šarbort, Martin ; Čížek, Martin ; Holá, Miroslava ; Oulehla, Jindřich ; Pokorný, Pavel ; Lazar, Josef ; Číp, Ondřej
The work deals with an overview of research topics of the “Frequency references and dissemination” group, Department of Coherence Optics, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences. These topics include frequency locking of lasers by laser spectroscopy and high-finnese optical cavities, digital holography and optical frequency tranfers through fiber and free-space optical links.
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