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Categories of possivity in Czech and Russian
Černá, Barbora ; Lendělová, Věra (advisor) ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (referee)
Již ve své postupové práci jsem se zabývala přídavnými jmény tvořenými příponou -ský j-CKMM v češtině a ruštině. Jedna z kapitol této práce byla věnována tvoření přídavných jmen přivlastňovacích od jmen obecných a vlastních a s tím spojené problematice vyjádření posesivity. Toto téma mne zaujalo a rozhodla jsem se mu věnovat i v práci diplomové. Následovalo shromažďování materiálu (jak teoretického, tak i ilustrativního) k dané problematice, a to je i jedním z důvodu, proč právě kapitola věnovaná přídavným jménům přivlastňovacím je oproti ostatním poněkud rozsáhlejší. Dalším důvodem je fakt, že se jedná o téma dostatečné propracované v odborné literatuře.
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Evolutionary history of hedgehogs from genus>Erinaceus
Černá Bolfíková, Barbora ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Janko, Karel (referee) ; Kryštufek, Boris (referee)
Hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus are extremely interesting and suitable model organisms for studying impacts of climatic changes during Pleistocene on species and speciation processes. Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus, which have diverged in southern refugia, formed a secondary contact zone in Central Europe. The widest part of this zone is situated in Czech Republic. Our work benefits from this position and processes that take place here such as reinforcement, character displacement and hybridization are discussed. Moreover, we addressed several questions about biological invasions and topics connected to peripatric processes. Using combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA we detected differences in population structure between the species and also between sexes. E roumanicus is mainly restricted to lowlands. Ranges of both species expand and hybridization may play role during formation of reproductive isolation. We did not observed ecological character displacement when using 3D geometric morphometry approaches. Populations in sympatry are more similar than in allopatry. Our data are enhanced by description of parasite fauna of sympatrical populations and we discuss the role which they may play in evolution of the hedgehogs. Study proceeded in New Zealand was based on comparison of...
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Multi-Cultural Education at a Czech Primary School
Černá, Blanka ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
Cette thèse de diplôme traite de l'éducation multiculturelle et sa mise en valeur dans le système scolaire tchèque. Dans la partie théorique, j'indique entre autre, les notions essentielles et les points de départs, la représentation de l ' é d u c a t i o n multiculturelle par une étude de documents curriculaires, les méthodes et les formes du travail et l'instruction dispensée aux enfents étrangers dans les écoles élémentaires tchèques. La partie recherche de ce document examine l'adaptation des enfants étrangers à l'environnement scolaire tchèque et la réalité de l'éducation multiculturelle dans nos écoles. En autre, elle présente un projet concret que j'ai réalisée sur une classe de cinqièmc (école primaire). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Implemenation of the RAD sequencing methods to the population genetic studies of hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus
Loudová, Miroslava ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus are an important model organism for studying the postglacial recolonisation of Europe and the processes that take place in the secondary contact zones of their areas of distribution. In this study, five individuals of white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), four individuals of western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and one estimated hybrid were analysed. Geographical distribution of individuals used in the study covers the region of the Central Europe, however in the further research expansion of analsysed individuals will be needed and the whole Palearct should be sampled. The main goal was to implement novel methods in research of hedgehogs, which will enable to map the population-genomic structure of the genus Erinaceus in western Palearct. The method RADSeq (Restriction site associated DNA sequencing) enables to obtain polymorphic markers, e.g., SNPs which we used (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) across the genome. In this work it was analyzed 16382 SNPs. Using the binary data which indicates the presence and absence of SNPs for each species, hypotheses raised under classical analyzes of genetic markers from previous studies have not been fully confirmed. In further research it will be necessary to verify possible occurrence of biases connected with...
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Hooks of myolectrically controlled upper limb prostheses and ways of their using
Černá, Blanka ; Hadraba, Ivan (advisor) ; Helcl, František (referee)
Název: Pracovní násadce myoelektrických protéz horních končetin a možnosti jejich využití Název v anglickém jazyce: Hooks of myoelectrically controlled upper limb prostheses and ways of their using Cíl: Cílem diplomové práce bylo zjistit současný stav v oblasti pracovních násadců myoelektrických protéz horních končetin, vytvořit jejich ucelený přehled a poukázat na možnosti jejich využití při řešení terciálního úchopu u pacientů s defektem horní končetiny v důsledku vrozené nebo získané ztráty v oblasti horní končetiny. Metoda: Z několika dostupných literárních zdrojů byly čerpány informace pro získání přehledu o problematice myoelektrických protéz horních končetin a jejich pracovních násadců. Informace byly zpracovány formou komentované a utříděné literární rešerše. Výsledky: Práce podává pohled na problematiku pracovních násadců myoelektrických protéz horních končetin, byl vytvořen ucelený přehled těchto pomůcek. Výsledky ukazují značné rozdíly ve způsobu konstrukce a vlastnostech jednotlivých typů pracovních násadců. Pracovní násadce myoelektrických protéz se doporučuje využívat jako vhodnou alternativu k elektrické ruce při činnostech, majících zvýšené nároky na preciznost úchopu, přesnost manipulace s uchopeným předmětem či na sílu úchopu a v situacích, při nichž hrozí poškození elektrické...
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Genetic structure of mammalian invasive populations on islands
Loudová, Miroslava ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
Biological invasion is understood as introduction, establishment and expansion of organisms into new, non-native area. This is a natural process that is significantly compounded by human activities and is one of the factors that threaten biological diversity and stability of natural ecosystems. Understanding to the evolution and current status of invasive populations is especially important for planning a project to eradicate invasive species from certain areas to avoid their negative impact on the environment. One option for the research of the invasive populations and their history is the analysis of genetic material. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge on invasive populations of small mammals on the islands, with the focus on genetic studies. Specifically, the study of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on Moturemu island and five archipelagos off the coast of Brittany; black rats (Rattus rattus) on Congo Cay, Madagascar, Guadeloupe Archipelago, Sainte Anne Archipelago and Canary Islands; Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) on Tetiaroa Atoll; house mice (Mus musculus) on Marion Island; house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) on Kerguelen Archipelago; red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) on Jersey island, West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in New Zealand; pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus) in Ireland and...
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Inffering the demographic history of populations from genomic data
Simandlová, Sára ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (referee)
Currently, it is not difficult to obtain genomic data even from non-model organisms. These data can give us information about the demographic history of populations. Many statistical inference procedures have been developed to infer the demographic history of populations from genomic data, and I describe them in this thesis. In the introduction, I introduce the reader to important concepts in the analysis of the demographic history of populations. I then describe the different types of genomic data that can be used to infer the demographic history of populations. I then present the flow of an experiment in inferring the demographic history of populations, where I elaborate on the steps and present the approaches and methods that are used today. I provide a basic overview of the theory and logic behind each approach. I also introduce the reader the most commonly used software packages for inferring demographic histories of populations and provide a comparison between them.
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Inferring the demographic history of populations from genomic data
Simandlová, Sára ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (referee)
Currently, it is not difficult to obtain genomic data even from non-model organisms. These data can give us information about the demographic history of populations. Many statistical inference methods have been developed to infer the demographic history of populations from genomic data, which I describe in this bachelor thesis. At first, I introduce the reader to important concepts in analyzing the demographic history of populations. I then describe the different types of genomic data that can be used to infer the demographic history of populations. Next, I discuss statistical methods, which include methods based on site frequency spectrum data, methods using approximate Bayesian computation, methods for determining identity, and sequential Markov coalescent methods. I provide a basic overview of the theory and logic of each approach. I then present procedures for selecting inference methods. Keywords: population genetics, demographic inference, statistical inference, whole genome data
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Interaction of amyloid β with neuronal membrane proteins
Manová, Blanka ; Rudajev, Vladimír (advisor) ; Černá, Barbora (referee)
Amyloid b peptide is cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein by b and γ secretases. According to the amyloid hypothesis i tis the main cause of the early pathogenetic events of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world without an effective treatment. The main pathogenesis of AD is considered to be the loss of synapses, disruption of neuronal plasticity and neurodegeneration. Amyloid b can bind directly to the membrane or mediate neuronal damage indirectly via toxic inflammatory mediators (e.g., reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide and cytokines) by activating microglia and astrocytes. In addition to interacting with various membrane receptors, Ab can also bind to the cell surface directly, disrupting membrane integrity or forming selective cation channels. This thesis summarizes key interactions with membranes of synapses and mechanisms of amyloid- induced toxicity through receptors.
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