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A Study of the Scripts of Tamil Epigraphy and Their Development
Kučera, Jan ; Hons, Pavel (advisor) ; Strnad, Jaroslav (referee)
A Study of the Scripts of Tamil Epigraphy and their Development Keywords (in English): Tamil script, Grantha, Vaṭṭeḻuttu, Brāhmī, epigraphy, palaeography, script development; India Abstract (in English): This thesis discusses the history of the Tamil script, from Brahmi variants in the very south of India, to vatteluttu and its variants, to the grantha script, up until the modern Tamil script. It gives introduction to these writing systems, shows examples of their primary sources and summarizes the recent scholarship regarding their development. Special attention is paid to the Tamil script reform in the 20th century, in which context a short summary of history of the Tamil press is also given. The thesis contains a review of Czech literature about writing systems in general, a summary of the current Proto-Indic script research, as well as megalithic graffiti. A separate appendix is dedicated to Tamil script in the context of digital technologies and the history of its encoding.
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Selected Phonetic Aspects of English within Hindi Oral Texts
Sokolkina, Polina ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šturm, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to investigate and describe selected phonetic aspects of modern Hindi in normal speech. Special emphasis is placed on description of phonetic features of segments in English within Hindi oral texts. In introduction, an issue of Hindi and English coexistence within Hindi surroundings is discussed. In the theoretical part, phonological systems of Hindi and English are described and compared. The practical part focuses on phonetic analyses of English words and/or utterances inserted in Hindi speech, exploring and comparing similar speech sounds in Hindi and English within Hindi oral texts. The research is based on a speech material with a high level of spontaneity. The material is provided by native Hindi speakers and is taken from several moderated TV shows.
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'For Bhīṣma's Destruction': Ambā, Śikhaṇḍinī and Śikhaṇḍin in the Mahābhārata
Špicová, Zuzana ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bisschop, Peter (referee) ; Brodbeck, Simon (referee)
The thesis introduces the Mahābhārata as a complex literary text - a multi-genre text and a polyphonic interpretation of a factual discourse with several competing narratives - and uses the findings and techniques of narratology, especially of rhetorical narratology, to interpret it. In the thesis, I argue that when analysing the seeming inconsistencies of this text, it is not necessary to look for the explanation on the "outside" (various unconnected authors) but that it is possible to explain them also from the "inside" of the text, using the differences in genres, as well as the knowledge, goals and subjectivity of the individual characters and narrators. These resources are often used in the communication with the audience (readers/listeners). The concrete material for this argument is the story of Ambā, Śikhaṇḍinī a Śikhaṇḍin and the way in which are the facts concerning this triune character presented, especially by Bhīṣma who claims their narrative most importantly by narrating Ambopākhyāna, an analeptic episode explaining Śikhaṇḍin's life story and his involvement in the Kurukṣetra battle: narration with a distinctive authoritativeness and subjectivity, but a doubtable narratorial reliability. I show how Bhīṣma defines Śikhaṇḍin as a woman using this episode, and thus makes him into one of...
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Nirmal Varma and Czechoslovakia
Rührová, Kateřina ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Tomíšková, Jana (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the work of the acclaimed Hindi writer, essayist and translator Nirmal Varma (1929-2005), especially his relationship towards Czechoslovakia, where he lived from the end of the 1950's until 1968. The work will be based to a great extent on primary literary and archival sources. Special emphasis will be laid on literary works situated in the then Czechoslovakia, as well as on texts which have been influenced by his Czechoslovak experience. Apart from the analysis of Varma's writings, the thesis will also concentrate on his translations of Czech authors into Hindi. In his later literary and essayist works Varma looked at the relationship of India and Europe as two distinctive cultural entities. The work will seek to introduce Varma's view of Europe and his stay in Czechoslovakia in a broader cultural and historical context.
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The political life of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq
Tomíšková, Jana ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Strnad, Jaroslav (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá politickou činností a životem Dr. Mohammada Mosaddeqa. Mosaddeq byl osobnost, která se nesmazatelně zapsala do moderní historie Íránu. Pocházel z vysoce postavené, vážené a bohaté rodiny staré perské aristokracie. Byl tělem a duší Íránec, který miloval zemi, ve které se narodil. Celý svůj život zasvětil službě své vlasti. Cílem mé práce je napsat politický životopis Dr. Mohammada Mosaddeqa na pozadí doby, ve které žil. Život člověka nelze oddělit od prostředí a času, ve kterém vyrůstá a žije, od prostředí a času, který formuje jeho názory a utváří a ovlivňuje jeho rozhodnutí a jednání. Narodil se a vyrůstal v době, kdy v Persii vládl Násero-d-Dín Šáh (1848-96), nejdéle vládnoucí panovník z qádžárovské dynastie a jeho nástupce Mozaffaro-d-Dín (1896-1907). Byla to doba, kdy Persie, ač samostatný stát, fakticky svou samostatnost začínala ztrácet a stávala se pouhou loutkou v rukou dvou velmocí, Velké Británie a Ruska, které stále více začínaly prosazovat své mocenské zájmy v Persii. Zažil perskou revoluci v letech 1905-11 a nastolení konstituční monarchie. Tato událost byla jedním ze stěžejních momentů, který ho poznamenal na celý život, po který prosazoval demokratické principy, zachovával věrnost ústavě a vzdoroval diktátorské vládě. Byl jedním z prvních vůdců na Blízkém...
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The Ahmadiyya movement in India
Ivanková, Bianka ; Ťupek, Pavel (advisor) ; Strnad, Jaroslav (referee)
This master thesis deals with the modern messianic Ahmadiyya movement founded in the 19th century in Punjab, India, which later spread to Europe as a missionary movement. Followers of the Ahmadiyya consider themselves Muslims, but are considered heretics by the Muslim majority, and persecuted in many parts of the world because of their faith. The work presents the origin and history of the movement against the background of the life of its founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, as well as the general context of messianism and the theory of the restoration of faith in India. It also maps the situation after the death of Ghulam Ahmad and the doctrinal schism in the movement. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question of the identity and exclusivity of the Ahmadiyya movement in the context of Islam, as well as to point out the connection between its political activity before the partition of India and the subsequent persecution in Pakistan after 1947. The work is based not only on the works of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and rich Ahmadiyya production, but also on academic studies of Western researchers and religious and social periodicals. Keywords: ahmadiyya, movement, Islam, messianism, India, Ahmad
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Madhva, the founder of Dvaita-vedanta: His life, influence and legacy
Havránek, Michal ; Štipl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Strnad, Jaroslav (referee)
Madhvacharya certainly assumes an important place in Indian history. Some 700 years ago he founded the philosophical and religious tradition of Dvaita-vedanta, which in the course of subsequent centuries played an active part in the South Asian intellectual discourse, and which is still alive today. It significantly contributed to the development of Indian philosophy, logic, dialectics, and religion. It also influenced cultural and social life in South India and strongly impacted several younger religious movements, most notably the Caitanya line of Vaishnavism in Bengal and beyond. Despite all of this, Madhva's tra- dition has been given very little attention by academics worldwide. In this matter there is ample opportunity for scholarly research, be it in the literary, sociological, religious, or numerous other fields.
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Sigmatic and periphrastic future in epic sanskrit
Barát, Denis ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Štipl, Zdeněk (referee)
Sigmatic and periphrastic future in Epic Sanskrit - Abstract: Sigmatic and periphrastic future are constructions of Sanskrit grammar whose full range of functions still remains understudied. The main problem arises with the question about the difference in their uses. Even though their definitions and the differences between them are already described in traditional grammars, actual usage in texts doesn't always align with them. Similarly, discrepancies can be found among Western grammars of Sanskrit, and different authors give different rules. In this thesis, I will first present the development of these constructions from their roots to later Indo-Aryan languages, then I will look at their actual usage in Epic Sanskrit, represented by the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. Because of the large number of occurrences in the corpus, a sample of the sigmatic and periphrastic future will be taken, numbering 500 occurrences in the Mahabharata and 200 in the Ramayana. They will be compared with the definitions in the grammars of Sanskrit. Keywords: Sanskrit, future, sigmatic future, periphrastic future, Mahabharata, Epic Sanskrit, Ramayana
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Historical development of the Hindi grammatical tradition
Stahl, Matěj ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hons, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the historical development of the grammatical tradition of Hindi languages, focusing mainly on selected specifics of Hindi grammar - ergative constructions, absolutive, and verbo-verbal expressions. The aim of this thesis is to compare and clarify the development of understanding of the above mentioned language phenomena and to find out what was the approach of individual authors to Hindi, what terminology they used, and what role their education and the background conditions played. At the same time, the thesis deals with the very reason of the origin of individual grammars in the context of historical development of the Indian subcontinent.
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Central Europe and exploring paths to independent India
Rührová, Kateřina ; Strnad, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Štipl, Zdeněk (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to map and process archival documents found in the Czech archives concerning the politician and fighter for Indian independence Subhaschandra Bose and his co-worker A.C.N. Nambiar. These materials deal with their activity in relation to the then Czechoslovak Republic. The thesis lays stress on the survey of political and economic aspects of relations set in the atmosphere and context of pre-war and war era. Another topic of interest is the war and post-war activity of A.C.N. Nambiar in relation to his stay in Germany, if it can be utilized on the basis of the newly accessible documents from the British archives.
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