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Behavioral Genetics of Mate Preferences
Fischer, Martin ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bosman, Dita (referee)
Mate preferences are a multidimensional set of mental representations about the characteristics of a potential partner. The aim of this theoretical work is to present the current state of knowledge in the field of inheritance of mate preferences. While there have been several studies that have attempted to estimate the contribution of genetic components and (shared and non-shared) environment to mate preferences and mate choice, the current research suggests the key role of gene-environment interactions. This thesis provides a brief introduction to behavioral genetics and introduces the basic principles of heritability of mate preferences. All studies previously conducted on humans are dealt with in greater detail. However, the environment appears to play a more significant role than direct genetic influences. Consequently, other mechanisms of ontogeny of mate preferences, of which this environment may be composed (i.e. imprinting-like effect, associative learning, social learning, active parental influence on mate choice), are presented. The thesis is concluded with a synthesis of findings on individual mechanisms of the emergence and development of mate preferences and their potential interactions. Each mechanism may explain a relatively small part of the emergence of mate preferences, yet they...
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Myths and rituals associated with the effect of sexual activity on physical performance
Gil, Matyáš ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tůma, Daniel (referee)
Superstitions associated with sexual activity in sport are a widespread phenomenon, although they have received very little research attention to date. Studies are fairly consistent in concluding that sexual activities do not have a direct impact on physical aspects of athletic performance such as strength or endurance. Most of the significant hormonal and physiological changes occurring during sexual activities that can potentially affect athletic performance stabilize at basal levels within the lower tens of minutes after completion of sexual activity. Thus, these findings suggest an important role for psychological aspects that may influence the perceived association between sexual and physical activity. The aim of this thesis is to explore the superstitions about sexual activity that are perpetuated in sports folklore (despite the findings of empirical studies). A very interesting phenomenon is the rituals and routines that athletes practice to give their best performance. Current evidence shows that athletes are often highly superstitious, and thus rituals can both help and harm their performance. Possible explanations include the placebo effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, or operant conditioning. The main aim of the research design is to explore rituals associated with sexual activity using...
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The influence of social networks and the absence of a partner on the development of postpartum depression in the mother
Novotná, Barbora ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Azim Aburas, Kateřina (referee)
Postpartum depression (PPD) significantly affects not only the mother, but also her offspring and the functioning of her entire social network (family or friends). PPD has several risk factors (e.g. history of depression, socioeconomic status, biological factors). One factor that has received little attention in research to date is social support from partners, family and friends, which in turn has a protective effect. This bachelor thesis examines postpartum depression in women and the influence of social networks on its onset and course. Support from the partner appears to be a more important protective factor than support from others close to the woman. The thesis also discusses the discrepancy between perceived and provided support and their influence on PPD. The thesis includes a research proposal, the main aim of which is to test the influence of the absence of a partner and the presence of other close persons on the development of PPD. The question remains whether the negative effect of partner absence on the development of PPD can be compensated for, at least to some extent, by another close person. The paper concludes with a summary of the most important findings of the study and possible directions for future research. Key words: postpartum depression, partner relationship, social...
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Attitudes of the Czech population towards people with dominant sexual interest in children
Sedláčková, Eliška ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The main objective of the thesis is to explore the issue of stigmatization of people with dominant sexual interest in children. It aims to map the attitudes of the Czech population and to examine how they differ depending on age, gender, education, and whether one is a parent or not. The research part explores the opinions of adults living in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted in a quantitative form using the Stigma Inventory. The questionnaire was distributed anonymously online and was completed by a total of 305 respondents. The data was then statistically processed to test the defined theories. The analysis found a significant association between gender and the dimensions of dangerousness and anger. Furthermore, a significant association was found between education and the dimensions of dangerousness, pity, anger, and social distance. Additionally, a significant association was found between age and the dimensions of dangerousness, anger, and social distance. Lastly, the association between being a parent and the dimensions of compassion, anger, and social distance was found. The results of the thesis may contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the stigmatizing attitudes of the Czech population towards persons with dominant sexual interest in children, which could be a good...
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The influence of absent father on romantic relationships in men
Hynek, Antonín ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bosman, Dita (referee)
Father absence during childhood and adolescence can have a significant impact on sexual maturation and on intimate relationships. As the specifics of sexual maturation and partner relationships differ between the sexes, it is important to examine the impact of father absence separately for men and women. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge on the impact of father absence on intimate relationships. Most research to date has focused on women, so this paper will focus on men. The theoretical part presents life-history theory as a theoretical framework to explain the variability in reproductive strategies depending on environmental conditions. Subsequently, sexual maturation and the environmental influences that affect it are described, as the timing of sexual maturation has implications for intimate relationships. The next section focuses on intimate relationships, specifically the impact of father absence on mating strategies and on relationship satisfaction. The aim of the research design is to test hypotheses about the effects of father absence and father relationship quality on the timing of sexual maturation, sociosexuality, and partner satisfaction in men. The results of previous studies are severely limited; therefore, possible directions for future research are...
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Case study of gender dysphoria and the process of changes in emotional aspects of personality
Jehlička, Václav ; Jardin Kocourek, Renata (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
This paper focuses on the emotional aspects of personality in trans woman during gender transition and the process of treating her gender dysphoria. The aim of this thesis is to explore how a trans woman perceives the emotional aspects of her personality before and after her transition and what factors, according to her account, influence changes within the emotional aspects of her personality. Data is collected through a semi-structured interview focusing on each emotional aspect of personality and is supplemented with data obtained from emotional intelligence questionnaires completed by the respondent before and after her transition. This work captures changes in all emotional aspects of the respondent's personality and notes a complete transformation of emotional functioning in some. We observe medical and social transition, gender identity and gender roles as factors influencing changes within the emotional aspects of personality. The findings of this paper can be used in practice by professionals working with transgender people to better understand their clients or can serve as a source of inspiration for further research in the area of emotional functioning of trans people.
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Perfectionism and eating disorders among professional ballet and contemporary dancers
Bartoš, Josef ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
Compared to the general population, professional dancers are more prone to higher levels of perfectionism and a higher prevalence of eating disorders due to the high emphasis on the physical aspects of the individual. The aim of this thesis was to compare the prevalence and correlation of perfectionism, eating disorders and well-being in the genres of classical and contemporary dance. To this end, quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 109 probands (74 females, 35 males). Classical and contemporary dance probands did not differ significantly in perfectionism nor eating disorders. However, for the total sample (without distinguishing the genre), a moderate positive correlation (r = .32, p = <.001) was found between perfectionism and eating disorders and a weak negative correlation (r = -.23, p = .02) between perfectionism and well-being. The tested mediation model of the relationship between perfectionism and well-being mediated by eating disorders did not reach statistical significance (β = -.08, SE = .04, p = .43). Although no significant differences were found between the classical and contemporary dance groups, the correlations found are consistent with the results of previous research and suggest the importance of developing and applying prevention programs in the professional dance...
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Implicit theories of sexual violence
Večeřová, Michaela ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to analyze, what implicit theories of sexual violence about offenders and victims are extended in society, and if implicit theories of sexual violence are created depending on age, education and gender. Theoretical part contains thorough explanation of the concept of implicit theories of sexual violence. This concept means unconscious ideas of people, about who could become victim or offender of the sexual crime, why and how the sexual crime was commited etc. Subsequently, an overview of what implicit theoris of sexual violence are mostly known and extended among people living in the Czech Republic, is provided. Empirical part focuses on adults living in the Czech Republic. For the research, the form of anonymous internet questionnaire has been selected. The questionnaire used for empirical part was Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. The sample involved 193 participants. The results were then statistically processed in order to explore the correlation of implicit theories of sexual violence to gender, age and education level. Depending on the results, it may be concluded that men believe in the implicit theories more than women and people with lower education more than people with higher education, on the contrary, age did not seem as a significant predictor. The...
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The influence of using social networks on the romantic relationship satisfaction and stability
Diepoltová, Alice ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Hana (referee)
Social networks have a significant impact on individuals (e.g., personal well-being) and their relationships (e.g., satisfaction). This bachelor's thesis examines the use of social networks and their influence on the course of romantic relationships, from introduction, to functioning, to dissolution. The thesis also presents the differences between romantic relationships depending on whether the partners met online or offline. Different forms of online dating (e.g., via dating sites or apps) and their characteristics are also discussed. Furthermore, the thesis examines the use of social networking sites during a relationship and the impact of their use on the individual and the romantic relationship (e.g., stalking, jealousy, or infidelity). The thesis also includes a research design whose main aim is to test the relationship between interactions with potential alternative partners on Instagram, partner satisfaction and infidelity-related behaviours. It appears that social network use significantly affects the quality and stability of romantic relationships, and therefore setting boundaries in terms of behaviour and social network use between partners is important. The paper concludes with a summary of the most important findings, recommendations for therapeutic practice and possible directions for...
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