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Nitric oxide - an indicator for severity of injury in polytrauma
Beitl, Evžen ; Hoch, Jiří (advisor) ; Cvachovec, Karel (referee) ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee)
- Part I (clinical study) Background: Patients with injuries to multiple organs or organ systems are in a serious risk of shock, multiorgan failure and death. Although there are scoring systems available to assess the extent of polytrauma and guide prognosis, their usefulness is limited by their considerably subjective nature. As the production of nitric oxide (NO) by many cell types is elevated by tissue injury, we hypothesized that serum concentration of NO (and its oxidation products, NOx) represents a suitable marker of polytrauma correlating with prognosis. We wanted to prove that nitric oxide can serve as an indicator for severity of injury in polytrauma. Methods: We measured serum NOx and standard biochemical parameters in 93 patients with various degrees of polytrauma, 15 patients with minor injuries and 20 healthy volunteers. Results: On admission, serum NOx was higher in patients with moderate polytrauma than in both controls and patients with minor injury, and it was even higher in patients with severe polytrauma. Surprisingly, NOx on admission was normal in the group of patients that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation or died within 48 hours after admission. In groups where it was elevated on admission, serum NOx dropped to normal values within 12 hours. Blood lactate levels on...
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The analysis of laboratory X-ray device using possibilities and detection to ensure the entery into nuclear power plant.
Vlk, Petr ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee) ; Varmuža, Jan (advisor)
The thesis deals with the use of X-ray device for analysis of imported objects when entering a nuclear power plant. It describes the principles of X-ray generation and detection and techniques used in current X-ray devices. The thesis includes analysis of legislative requirements related to the safety of nuclear power plants and operation of X-ray devices. The benefit of the thesis is a proposed laboratory task using the Heimann HI-SCAN 6040-A X-ray device, which demonstrates detection and differentiation of analyzed objects and various types of materials. An integral part is the verification of the dose rate limits near the laboratory X-ray device, based on the knowledge of the legislative requirements.
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Investigation of Thorium Utilization in Accelerator Driven Nuclear Reactors
Král, Dušan ; ČR, Petr Chudoba, ÚJF AV (referee) ; Zeman, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the idea of using accelerator driven systems for thorium transmutation into the fissile material, which can be utilized in the accelerator driven systems and in thermal nuclear reactors. Thorium occurs on Earth only in fertile isotope Th-232. It can be converted to fissile U-233 by neutron capture and subsequent beta decay. The experimental part handles the data measured by the irradiation of four thorium samples by the secondary neutrons in the QUINTA spallation target, which was irradiated with 660~MeV protons. Reaction rates for the fission and spallation products were estimated using gamma spectroscopy and activation techniques. Furthermore, Pa-233 production rates were also determined in all experimental samples. Pa-233 and fission production rates were calculated in all experimental samples using the MCNPX transport code and evaluated nuclear data for high-energy reactions. The experimental results are of a great importance for the future investigation of thorium in the accelerator driven system concept, validation of Monte-Carlo based calculation codes and validation of high-energy nuclear models.
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Analysis of the requirements for Mobile Monitoring System foe elderly people living in home background
Hrabalová, Klára ; Fiala, Radek (advisor) ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee)
In the thesis the author deals with the Mobile Supervisory System Senior Inspect, which allows monitoring of elderly people living in home background. Monitoring makes use of biological and general technical values, which are wirelessly transported and digestedly displayed in a notebook monitor. The author focuses on the analysis of the requirements, she puts forward the metodology of aplications of the monitoring system. Next the author endeavours to determine the requirements of the monitoring system and extending the whole system. She describes the desk of Senior Inspect 24/7 and checklist created for it. At the conclusion of her thesis the author highlights use of the monitoring system. The findings of this thesis should help when the monitoring system is put into practice.
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The role of protein kinase C in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and its complications
Marková, Irena ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee) ; Zídková, Jarmila (referee)
18 effects of TZDs are probably due to the remodeling of adipose tissue and increased adiponectin secretion. SUMMARY Studying the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the role of PKC in insulin resistance In HHTg rats, elevated serum triglycerides and FFA were associated with the ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in tissues and reduced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose utilization in the peripheral tissues was associated with the reduced activity of GS in skeletal muscle. Decreased GS activity and glucose utilization in peripheral tissues indicate a possible defect in insulin signal transduction. In line with this, our results show that skeletal muscle IR was associated with the increased activation and translocation of PKC θ. Nutritionally induced obesity of HHTg rats resulted, in many cases, in the further deterioration of metabolic abnormalities associated with IR. We found that PKC θ, in particular, could contribute to the metabolic abnormalities associated with IR and obesity. The age-related increase in IR and deterioration of some parametres of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, were not associated, in HHTg rats, with obesity but with increased serum levels of triglycerides and FFA. The age-related worsening of IR in HHTg rats was accompanied by increased...
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Nuclear Fuel Innovation
Mičian, Peter ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the latest findings about nuclear fuel, especially fuels for pressurized water reactors. The thesis provides an overview of the latest research in the field of fuel cladding, which separates the fuel from coolant. Part is focused on burnable absorbers, which helps to reduce neutron flux during the first year of new fuel assembly. Furthermore, the thesis briefly discusses transmutation fuel cycles. the main empahsis is focused on ATF fuels, in the form of fuels with enhanced thermal conductivity. Develompment in this field could increase the safety and usage of the nuclear energy. The latest part is focused on applications of computational program FEMAXI-6 and analyze its outputs. This program deals with calculations of behavior of high-burnup fuel elements. As data for inputs were used real data from the nuclear power plant Dukovany.
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Combined use of solar energy
Zeman, Miroslav ; Novotný, Jan (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the combined use of solar energy. The solar conditions in the Czech Republic are listed in the first part. Further, there is the classification of solar collectors focusing on certain types and detailed description of the solar system scheme. The second part discusses the principle of photovoltaic and its historical development considering panels from the first mentions up to the present. The third part is aimed at the selection of the appropriate object and determination of its power consumption. The following chapter discusses the appropriate connection of the photovoltaic systems, the first connection containing only one inverter, the second containing two low-power invertors. The chapter also contains the connection of the solar system and a description of the individual components considering all schemes. The last chapter includes the technical-economical assessment of the whole project and the calculation of the payback period in case of photovoltaic systems.
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Experimental Investigation of Accelerator Driven Nuclear Reactors for Thorium Based Nuclear Power
Zeman, Miroslav ; ČR,, Milan Štefánik, UJF AV (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The Master Thesis deals with the use of thorium nuclear fuel in accelerator driven systems. Basic principle of ADS, present situation and future possibilities are described in this work. The main goal of the work is determination of neutron flux in spallation target QUINTA. In December 2013, an experiment was performed at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna. Samples of cobalt, situated at different positions in QUINTA target, were irradiated in secondary neutron field generated by deuteron beam of energies 2 AGeV and 4 AGeV and beam of C-12 with energy 2 AGeV. The samples were measured with the use of germanium semiconductor detectors and analysed using gamma-ray spectrometry. Reaction rates of Co-59 products were determined. Neutron flux was determined in setup QUINTA on the base of experimental reaction rates. Experimental reaction rates were compared with calcula1tion of MCNPX code.
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