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One thousand and fifty years of the Bishopric of Prague
Kotous, J. ; Sommer, Petr ; Vaníček, V.
The book is dedicated to the 1050th anniversary of the foundation of the Prague bishopric. The first block of studies places the topic of the first Czech diocese in the Central European context of the Carolingian and Ottonian empires, the related ecclesiastical institutions and the Christianization processes in their individual parts, e.g. among the Polabian Slavs. The second block of texts traces the processes leading to the building of the foundations of the Bohemian diocese, its establishment and its continuity with the Great Moravian ecclesiastical beginnings. Equally important are the probes tracing the process of Christianization of Czech society, the relationship between the Prague bishops and the Czech ruler, and the emergence of church organization. The book concludes with studies tracing the Czech and Moravian bishoprics at the turning points of the Hussite and Reformation periods, the Recatholization and the reforms of Joseph II.
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The Missions and the Benedictine Beginnings of the Bishopric of Prague
Sommer, Petr
In the context of the 1050th anniversary of the founding of the Prague bishopric, the study focuses on the topic of the first Czech diocese and places it in the Central European context of the Carolingian and Ottonian empires, related ecclesiastical institutions and Christianization processes. In the form of a probe, it traces the importance of the mission for the establishment of the Prague bishopric. In this context, it discusses issues related to sacred architecture, liturgical equipment and written culture inseparably linked to the new Christian education and church administration.
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Intertextual and mythical. The royal seats of Piasts and Premyslids between mid-10th and late 11th century AD
Oleś, Kamila ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Rączkowski, Włodzimierz (referee)
In Central Europe, an early medieval architectural complex, in which palatial remnants have been either unearthed or expected on the basis of historical writing, is often classified as a royal/princely seat. Thus, the architectural criteria are used to define the residential areas. Alas, in most studies the interpreted architectural remnants are simply juxtaposed without taking into account their terresial and landscape context. I demonstrate that in some cases landscape significance of royal seats was constructed without taking into account any spatial evidence. Secondly, I illustrate that by isolating a single building within the royal seat from its landscape and textual context, the spatial aspects of the structure were misinterpreted. However, our understanding of the local environment is essential to identify the role of architectural "quotation" in the semantic creation of space of the royal seats in the past. Thus, based on a textual approach to architecture and landscape, my thesis aims to deconstruct the meaning of early medieval royal seats, and to demythologize the interpretation of early medieval royal seats in Central Europe. In addition, I present that both textual (historic writing) and physical (environmental) aspects of the reality creates a historic spatiality that is polarized...
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Sacred buildings in early medieval central localities (on example of Žatec)
Chlustiková, Katarína ; Sommer, Petr (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee)
Od doby romantického 19. storočia, kedy začali vznikať prvé práce vedecky nahliadajúce na architektonické pamiatky starých dob, prešlo už viac ako jedno ďalšie storočie. To nás naučilo skúmať možnosti historického štúdia a dovolilo tak klásť si neustále viac otázok. Vykryštalizovali sa samostatné vedné odbory pracujúce vlastnými metódami a prinášajúce mozaiku informácií o týchto pamiatkach z niekoľkých strán. Archeológia sa popri histórií a dejinách umenia začala uplatňovať pomerne neskoro. Nové možnosti jej otvorila predovšetkým nedávna doba prinášajúca spoločenské a technologické zmeny. Rozmachom stavebného priemyslu v posledných dvadsiatich rokoch tento vedný odbor zaznamenal nebývalý nárast pramennej základne. Tam, kde dejiny umenia hľadajú odpovede v revízií dávno známych umeleckých diel a opätovnom prehodnocovaní svojich možností a historické poznatky sa iba málokedy doplnia novým nálezom či opäť revíziou, archeológia može poskytnút' celkom nové poznatky. K podobnej situácií došlo aj v Žatci. Regionálne historické štúdium rozvíjané už v dobách romantizmu dovolilo definovať prvé predstavy o Žatci v ranom stredoveku. Zo zlomkovitých správ v písomných prameňoch sa postupom doby podarilo poukázať na význam lokality ako jedného z najdoležitejších hradísk a oporných bodov pfemyslovskej štátnej správy....
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Coin finds in churces interior in Bohemia, their archaeological contexts and information value
Kout, Adam ; Sommer, Petr (advisor) ; Čechura, Martin (referee)
(in English) This diploma thesis deals with coin finds and their contexts in church interiors in Bohemia. It evaluates this issue and methodology and puts emphasis on usage of metal detectors in archeology. Coin finds are divided according to their relevant locations to two categories - mass findings or single findings. The knowledge is then evaluated in terms of church interiors and also in wider context. For easier orientation, in the total context, a history of every mentioned church is drawn in connection with coin finds. Integral part of diploma thesis is a well arranged catalogue of coin finds in churches interiors in Bohemia. At the end, coin finds are evaluated from several different points of view.
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The medieval settlement in East Bohemia
Ježek, Martin ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Sláma, Jiří (referee)
Předkládaná práce se snaží zhodnotit dosavadní prameny k vybraným otázkám středověkého osídlení východních Čech. Převážnou část pramenné základny k tomu tématu tvoří archeologický materiál, získaný v posledních desetiletích jednak terénním výzkumem městských jader, jednak povrchovými sběry v několika regionech. V této práci byl zpracován jeden z nich, a to bohatý fond z okrajové oblasti raně středověké sídelní oikumeny, Jaroměřska. Kapitola zaměřená na jeho poznání sleduje svědectví proměny sídlištní struktury raně středověkého venkova. Naproti tomu kapitola věnovaná nejstarším východočeským městům, až na výjimku královským, se zabývá především vývojem prostorové struktury v rámci městských hradeb. Různoběžnost chronologických rovin vyplývá z rozdílné dostupnosti poznání dějinných tendencí v rámci možností archeologie, resp. celého spektra metod historiografie. V úvodní části je zdůvodňován přístup k pojmu město, vázaný k sociálnímu postavení obyvatel nových sídel vznikajících ve 13. století v českých zemích. Na jeho základě je vedena dělící čára mezi často směšovanými urbánními formami mladšího pravěku a raného středověku a městy středověku vrcholného. Jako příklad je prezentováno Staré Město pražské 12. a staršího 13. století sjeho vyhlášenými románskými domy, pokládanými v literatuře za doklad raně...
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Intertextual and mythical. The royal seats of Piasts and Premyslids between mid-10th and late 11th century AD
Oleś, Kamila ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Rączkowski, Włodzimierz (referee)
In Central Europe, an early medieval architectural complex, in which palatial remnants have been either unearthed or expected on the basis of historical writing, is often classified as a royal/princely seat. Thus, the architectural criteria are used to define the residential areas. Alas, in most studies the interpreted architectural remnants are simply juxtaposed without taking into account their terresial and landscape context. I demonstrate that in some cases landscape significance of royal seats was constructed without taking into account any spatial evidence. Secondly, I illustrate that by isolating a single building within the royal seat from its landscape and textual context, the spatial aspects of the structure were misinterpreted. However, our understanding of the local environment is essential to identify the role of architectural "quotation" in the semantic creation of space of the royal seats in the past. Thus, based on a textual approach to architecture and landscape, my thesis aims to deconstruct the meaning of early medieval royal seats, and to demythologize the interpretation of early medieval royal seats in Central Europe. In addition, I present that both textual (historic writing) and physical (environmental) aspects of the reality creates a historic spatiality that is polarized...
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New informations about Czech mediaeval monasteries
Sommer, Petr
Historical, archaeological research and studies in the history of arts, which are in motion in last decades in areas of Czech mendicants monasteries bring constantly new knowledges about single localities and ever purvey our informations about this monasteries and its relations to the mediaeval town and society.
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History of Central Europe as Joint Region in the Long 10th Century
Izdný, Jakub ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Matla, Marzena (referee) ; Sommer, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the development of Central Europe in the period of the long 10th Century, trying to describe in general the change of that region in the given epoque. The comparison and interpolation of the phenomena such as the Christianisation, the emergence of the political and economic power and the general transformation of the society aims to define a new view of the whole problem. The preferred vision is the economic and political development of the elites, separated from the existing socio-political formations and constructing its own apparatus of power, that will only slowly and eventually confront and merge the pre-stat formation in the form of an Early Medieval Christian state.
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