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The distribution of the capital companies profits - Comprarasion of the Czech Republic, the USA and the Russian Federation legal systems
Řezníčková, Denisa ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Dupáková, Lenka (referee)
Profit Distribution in Capital Companies - A Comparison of Legal Systems in the Czech Republic, the United States of America, and the Russian Federation Abstract In the modern business world, the distribution of a company's profits is a complex decision- making process that considers not only legal, tax, and economic aspects but also political and cultural contexts. Therefore, this thesis is divided into five chapters, the first of which is a theoretical section discussing the nature and implications of corporate economic behavior, including the motivations for profit distribution. The core of the thesis consists of three analytical chapters on the distribution of profits in capital companies in the Czech Republic, the State of Delaware in the United States of America, and the Russian Federation. This selection allows for a cross-sectional examination of the different approaches to this topic against diverse legal cultures and political climates. The fifth and concluding chapter offers a comparative analysis of the commonalities and differences in profit distribution in capital companies within these jurisdictions. Among the sub-areas that the thesis compares are selected institutions related to the distribution of profit shares, such as the non-cash form of payment, the option of not distributing profits,...
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Corporate financing by assignment of receivables
Čejka, Ladislav ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Dupáková, Lenka (referee)
Corporate financing by assignment of receivables Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the issue of using the assignment of receivables as an instrument of financing a company. The thesis presents a comprehensive legal and economic analysis of this alternative method of corporate financing. In view of the current extraordinary increase in the demand of companies for securing working capital in this way, the thesis aims to provide the potentially financed company with sufficient information and arguments to make a qualified decision whether or not the assignment of receivables is an optimal choice. To this end, the thesis analyses the various legal and economic aspects of increasing available cash resources through the assignment of receivables. Since the added value of this thesis lies mainly in the synthesis of multidisciplinary knowledge, its content design is based on the principle from the general to the specific. The thesis first lays a theoretical foundation that puts the issue under study in a relevant context. At the very beginning of the thesis, it defines the concept of enterprise and delineates it from related concepts. It then proceeds to explain corporate financial management by analysing its most important components. Emphasis is placed on the explication of the key principles of corporate...
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The influence of public policy on legal order of Czech Republic during transition
Říčka, Tomáš ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee) ; Ježek, Tomáš (referee)
Tomas Ricka Stránka 1 Title: The influence of public policy on legal order of Czech Republic during transition Abstract: The thesis deals with public policy, its key components and influences on the institutional environment. The major aim of the thesis was to analyze, what was the influence of public (economic) policy in transition on the creation of rules in the Czech Republic. Who created the policy? How was the policy conducted? What was the role of the rules? What was the international context in that era? What was the influence of these external factors on the development in the Czech Republic. Other goals of the thesis dealt with the following: availability of suitable tools to analyze transition; key assumptions of public policy; rule making; the role of rule makers. The thesis does not attempt to describe all relevant approaches from modern economic theory that would be useful to analyze the transition processes. The thesis uses a selection of tools that can help to analyze institutions and rules in society from another view, than does standard legal theory or political science. Use of tools of economic analysis (especially from the area of microeconomics and new approaches of economics) can be characterized as complementary for institutional analysis. Transition and privatization of state property...
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Law and economical aspects of the process of introducing Euro in the Czech Republic
Řádek, Pavel ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Borkovec, Aleš (referee)
Title of the work: Law and economical aspects of the process of introducing euro in the Czech Republic Name: Pavel Řádek Department: National Economy department Subject of study: Law Head of the work: Doc. PhDr. JUDr. Ilona Bažantová, CSc. Number of pages: 93 Number of enclosures: 1 The year of the oral defence: 2011 Key words: Currency integration, Euro adoption, Theory of Optimum Currency Area, Czech Republic Summary: The thesis is focused on mapping and assessment of relevant legal and economic aspects and processes of adoption of the euro in the Czech Republic. The thesis presents crucial steps that must fulfill Czech Republic to adopt the single currency. The aim is to evaluate the effect of the introduction of the euro in the Czech economy, with the assessment of the optimal timing of entry into the eurozone. This thesis presents the history of monetary integration in Europe, describes the content of the theory of optimum currency areas. Furthermore, based on the economic data the thesis evaluates the real convergence of the Maastricht criteria. Also further describes the steps necessary to prepare the legal environment on the introduction of the euro. At the end examines the potential costs and benefits of the single currency. An important question is to determine the date of entry into...
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Czech and Czechoslovak currency in economic and legal contexts
Maránek, Pavel ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Hraba, Zdeněk (referee)
Czech and Czechoslovak Currency within Economic and Legal Context This diploma thesis is dedicated to currency throughout the whole history of Czechoslovakia. Currency and its legal definition is a very important question not only for country's economy but also for each individual in the society. Above all, the phenomenon of monetary reforms, which have been mentioned very frequently by my grand-parents within the context of monetary reform put into life in 1953, encouraged me in seeking to discover some aspects concerning these reforms and currency as a general term. As the legal definition of the currency is a crucial element having impact on the whole country's economy, this thesis aims at proving the positive impact of sound currency legal definition on the economic development in particular historical periods of Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, the thesis intends to create methodical description of valid currency in its material shape, emphasizing the legal definition of particular means of payment. This task's core can especially be found in the supplements. The thesis also describes basic historical and politico-economical frame as well as the institutional definition, putting stress on the monetary-political area and above all the monetary reforms. Chapter One outlines the nascence of...
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Economic and legal aspect of money laundering
Dongres, Miroslav ; Hraba, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Economic and legal aspect of money laundering Miroslav Dongres The UN defines it as "Money laundering is a process which disguises illegal profits without compromising the criminals who wish to benefit from the proceeds". Money laundering is a dangerous activity. Funds that pass through this process become a source for a various criminal activities, such as terrrorism, corruption, etc. The thesis is composed of three main parts. First part deal with methods and stages of money laundering. Money laundering is a sophisticated activity, with a high degree of complexity, which requires a certain level of planning. entertain various features and steps which are necessary to clear the funds. Stages are named as placement, layering and integration. The first part is given to a few real examples of ways of money laundering. Money laundering is an international issue. In today's world where there is almost no borders is neccesary develop an appropriate international cooperation, both at global and regional which is one of the characters of fighting against money laundering. The Second part of thesis show some of international organization engaged in this illicit activity, such as UN, EU, FATF, etc. It also introduce their rules and programs to fight to money laundering. There is a large...
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Competition Protection in Network Industries
Zajíček, Miroslav ; Tomášek, Michal (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee) ; Ježek, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Competition Protection in Network Industries Abstract: I provide description of relevant markets within electroenergy industry in European countries since after liberalization movements of the last 20 years the development of these markets open new issues in antimonopoly legislation to be passed and in antimonopoly practice to be solved. The key term of any antimonopoly issue is the relevant market. Hence, its definition as provided by case law of European Commission and European Courts is crucial for companies as well as regulators to understand in order to be able to pursue their activities. As I show, after 20 or so years, the countries of the EU at least in electroenergy area are no closer to the Single Market as they were at the beginning of 90s before liberalization of electricity markets began and there is no sign of improvement for year to come. This thesis provides an overview (the tools and analyses) that can be used to explore individual national relevant markets in the area of electroenergy business. For further research it is worth exploring detailed analysis of relationship between price development and degree of competition, phasing of market opening, protection of small consumers and RES support within individual national energy systems. Keywords: competition, competition law and...
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Free movement of workers in the EU and economic justification of its restriction in Germany and Austria
Kaplanová, Lucie ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Borkovec, Aleš (referee)
Summary: It is the basic purpose of this thesis to handle the topic of free movement of workers within the European union. As the first point we have tried to explain some economic aspects of free movement of workers. We have explained that opening of national labour markets has generally a positive impact on national accounts (represented mainly by the gross domestic product). However, the contribution to the increase in the gross domestic product growth rate can be usually observed only in the long term. To the contrary the liberalization of the labour market can lead to an increase in the unemployment rate in the short term. And mainly fear of a higher unemployment rate represents one of the most significant reasons for limitation of entries of foreign employees to the domestic labour market. We have described the legal framework of free movement of workers within the law of European communities, both primary (included in treaties) and secondary (included in regulations and directives). On practical examples - real legal cases - we have explained principles of direct and indirect discrimination, which is prohibited within the European Union both generally and in the area of free movement of persons. We have defined a worker as a person who performs a particular activity for his or her employer, based on...
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Economical and legal aspects of bank tax
Rahm, Jiří ; Pokorný, Jan (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
This thesis is focused on the description of the different constructions of bank tax and possible alternatives of the revenue sides. In the next part is possible to find a legal analysis of the proposal for FTT in the European Union, including delineation of legislative process. In this thesis is also possible to find a comparison of countries, which already have a specific form of bank tax. Subsequently the reader is introduced to the analysis of the most important potential impacts and its summarization by the chosen criteria. At the end it brings the reader into a prediction of further progress.
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