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Mathematical Thermodynamics of Viscous Fluids
Feireisl, Eduard
This course is a short introduction to the mathematical theory of the motion of viscous fluids. We introduce the concept of weak solution to the Navier-Stokes-Fourier system and discuss its basic properties. In particular, we construct the weak solutions as a suitable limit of a mixed numerical scheme based on a combination of the finite volume and finite elements method. The question of stability and robustness of various classes of solutions is addressed with the help of the relative (modulated) energy functional. Related results concerning weak-strong uniqueness and conditional regularity of weak solutions are presented. Finally, we discuss the asymptotic limit when viscosity of the fluid tends to zero. Several examples of ill- posedness for the limit Euler system are given and an admissibility criterion based on the viscous approximation is proposed.
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VSI electromagnetic fields
Ortaggio, Marcello ; Pravda, Vojtěch
A p-form F is VSI (i.e., all its scalar invariants of arbitrary order vanish) in a n-dimensional spacetime if and only if it is of type N, its multiple null direction is "degenerate Kundt", and ...F = 0. This recent result is reviewed in the present contribution and its main consequences are summarized. In particular, a subset of VSI Maxwell fields possesses a universal property, i.e., they also solve (virtually) any generalized (non-linear and with higher derivatives) electrodynamics, possibly also coupled to Einstein's gravity.
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On type II universal spacetimes
Hervik, S. ; Málek, Tomáš ; Pravda, Vojtěch ; Pravdová, Alena
We briefly summarize our recent results on type II universal metrics of the Lorentzian signature. These metrics simultaneously solve all vacuum field equations of theories of gravity with the Lagrangian being a polynomial curvature invariant constructed from the metric, the Riemann tensor and its covariant derivatives of arbitrary order. It turns out that the results critically depend on the dimensionality of the spacetime. While we discuss examples of type II universal metrics for all composite number dimensions, we have no examples for prime number dimensions. Furthermore, we have proven the non-existence of type II universal spacetimes in five dimensions.
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The Cramér-Rao inequality on singular statistical models
Le, Hong-Van ; Jost, J. ; Schwachhöfer, L.
We introduce the notions of essential tangent space and reduced Fisher metric and extend the classical Cramér-Rao inequality to $2$-integrable (possibly singular) statistical models for general $varphi$-estimators, where $varphi$ is a $V$-valued feature function and $V$ is a topological vector space. We show the existence of a $varphi$-efficient estimator on strictly singular statistical models associated with a finite sample space and on a class of infinite dimensional exponential models that have been discovered by Fukumizu. We conclude that our general Cramér-Rao inequality is optimal.
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Observing how future primary school teachers reason about fractions
Samková, L. ; Tichá, Marie
The contribution focuses on the possibility to use an educational tool called Concept Cartoons in future primary school teachers' education, especially as an instrument for observing how future primary school teachers reason about fractions. The task which we adapted to the Concept Cartoons form belongs to primary school mathematics, i.e. it focuses on the concept of a fraction per se, in particular on the parts-and-whole decision and on comparison of two pre-partitioned models with diverse wholes. Using Concept Cartoons, we observe which statements about the issue our respondents consider as correct, and which kinds of reasoning they use in their justifications. We also mention other related concepts (percentages), and related tasks from entrance exams to lower-secondary selective schools.
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Some practical aspects of parallel adaptive BDDC method
Šístek, Jakub ; Mandel, J. ; Sousedík, B.
We describe a parallel implementation of the Balancing Domain Decomposition by Constraints (BDDC) method enhanced by an adaptive construction of coarse problem. The method is designed for numerically difficult problems, where standard choice of continuity of arithmetic averages across faces and edges of subdomains fails to maintain the low condition number of the preconditioned system. Problems of elasticity analysis of bodies consisting of different materials with rapidly changing stiffness may represent one class of such challenging problems. The adaptive selection of constraints is shown to significantly increase the robustness of the method for this class of problems. However, since the cost of the set-up of the preconditioner with adaptive constraints is considerably larger than for the standard choices, computational feasibility of the presented implementation is obtained only for large contrasts of material coefficients.
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A particular smooth interpolation that generates splines
Segeth, Karel
There are two grounds the spline theory stems from -- the algebraic one (where splines are understood as piecewise smooth functions satisfying some continuity conditions) and the variational one (where splines are obtained via minimization of some quadratic functionals with constraints). We use the general variational approach called $it smooth interpolation$ introduced by Talmi and Gilat and show that it covers not only the cubic spline and its 2D and 3D analogues but also the well known tension spline (called also spline with tension). We present the results of a 1D numerical example that characterize some properties of the tension spline.
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