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Rationalization in the Czechoslovak pharmacy practice in the 20th century
Babica, Jan ; Rusek, Václav (advisor) ; Solich, Jan (referee) ; Ambrus, Tünde (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Mgr. Jan Babica Supervisor doc. RNDr. PhMr. Václav Rusek, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Rationalization in the Czechoslovak pharmacy practice in the 20th century In the 20th century, the efforts to the development and application of rationalization and standardization approaches were observed in the Czechoslovak pharmacy. They were, among others, reflected in the founding of institutions which dealt with given issues. Between 1920s and 1930s, there was the group for pharmacy in the Commission for Rationalization and Standardization in Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, and Pharmacy (FS RANOK) and from 1955 to 1992, there was the Pharmaceutical Development Centre (RLS). So far, however, there is no current work from the pharmacy history focusing on those institutions in detail. The aim of the doctoral thesis was to focus on the phenomenon of rationalization of Czechoslovak pharmacy in the previous century and its institutionalized form. In the case of FS RANOK, as the first institution of this kind, the aim was to understand the broader context of its establishment, the expected content of its activities, and the causes of its failure in the implementing of rationalization ideas. Out...
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Spondylodiscitis - Surgical Treatment
Včelák, Josef ; Chomiak, Jiří (advisor) ; Chaloupka, Richard (referee) ; Štulík, Jan (referee)
Introduction: (Experimental part). Hypothesis evaluates the quasi-static risk of transpedicular fixation failure in the spinal cadaver with anterior column defect due to the fixation extension and defines the risk of transpedicular fixation failure due to screw convergence in cyclic loading. (Clinical part). Hypothesis evaluates the risk of isolated dorsal approach to ventral lumbar spondylodiscitis due to clinic and radiopraphic results and the risk of anterior radical debridement due to using titanium implant in the site of bone infection. Methods: (Experimental part). Four anatomically preparated spinal cadavers with anterior spinal column defect transpediculary instrumented were quasi-statically tested on MTS 858,2 Mini-Bionix. Concept of cyclic loading part were based on ASTM standard F1717. (Clinical part). The group A consisting of 23 patients was treated only by dorsal transmuscular approach and the second group B consisting of 8 patients was treated by two-stage postero- anterior surgery in lumbar spondylodiscitis. Results: (Experimental part). There were progress in all assessed parametres with considerable asymmetry direction in extension to flexion and duction in spinal column loading with anterior defect during quasi-static loading. The rod deformation decrease with extent of...
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Toxicovigilance of accidents with household chemical products in the Czech Republic.
Mrázová, Karolina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Brhel, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...
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Secondary metabolites, allelopathy and their significance in the invasion of Heracleum mantegazzianum
Jandová, Kateřina ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee) ; Valterová, Irena (referee)
One theory concerning the invasiveness of exotic plants suggests that they exude allelopathic compounds that are novel in areas being invaded. Here, I tested for allelopathic effects of root exudates of the invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) in a series of experiments both in vitro and in the garden, and compared them with effects of its native congener H. sphondylium (common hogweed) and two less related native species. Moreover, I addressed intraspecific variability of allelopathy by comparing effects of 41 different maternal lines of H. mantegazzianum sampled from several areas and populations within the Czech Republic. Not only the effects, but also the identity of allelopathic compounds was investigated. In order to test also for the interaction of allelochemicals with soil microorganisms, I analysed the composition of soil microbial communities expressed as phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFA and NLFA, respectively) together with nutrient conditions and light availability at invaded sites in the Czech Republic. The results show that H. mantegazzianum is able to exert phytotoxic effects in vitro as well as in the garden experiment; however, its effects did not differ from the inhibition caused by the native species tested. Variation partitioning among areas,...
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Developmental gross motor norms in early childhood (2-6 years): systematic review
Hojková, Klára ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Tošnerová, Vlasta (referee) ; Dvořáková, Hana (referee)
Title: Developmental gross motor norms in early childhood (2-6 years): systematic review Objectives: Motor evaluation in early childhood is necessary to detect deviations in motor control. Knowledge of developmental functional milestones could make the examination in this age group easier. Goals: Creation of motor norms survey used for gross motor evaluation in early childhood. Study is based on analysis of multiple norm reference tests. Methods: Systematic review was realised in 2007-2013. Only norm referenced test was added to the study. Tests were integrated into study on the grounds of eligibility criteria. Analysis of test items was applied by one researcher. Source of study included electronic databases and printed monographs. Results: There was eight gross motor tests integrated into study. We used to analyse Gesell Test, Laurence Vaivre-Douret Test, Denver II, Brigance Screens, CDI (Child Developmental Inventory), MMT (Maastrichtse Motoriek Test), Movement ABC a ASQ (Ages and Stages Questionnaires) Based on tests analysis we detected 87 test items evaluted in the age period 2-6 years. Conclusions: Early childhood period is distinctive of important changes in motor control quality. Motor norms describes development of motor functions dynamic in the period 2-6 years. Key words: Motor...
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Health Economy and Outcomes Research in the Health Technology Assessment in the Czech Republic
Klimeš, Jiří ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Foltán, Viliam (referee) ; Švihovec, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Jiří Klimeš, PharmD Supervisor Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc.; MUDr. Tomáš Doležal, PhD (consultant) Title of Doctoral Thesis Health Economy and Outcomes Research in the Health Technology Assessment in the Czech Republic The aim of PhD thesis was to present on practical examples of cost-of-illness (COI), cost- effectiveness (CEA), cost-utility (CUA) and outcomes research analyses their application within current HTA (Health Technology Assessment) process of drug technologies in the Czech Republic. HTA cover complex assessment of medicinal technologies/ interventions in terms of relative effectiveness, safety, health economic aspects (cost-effectiveness and budget impact) and ethical, social and legal aspects. It was presented a methodology of COI studies and their practical application (as the inputs) into CEA, CUA analyses within selected diseases - rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Moreover, it was presented concept of Markov cohort models used in CEA, CUA analyses in area of cardiovascular diseases, post-transplantation care, intensive care medicine and therapy of dementia. Within the CUA, it was interpreted a Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis in...
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Pharmacoeconomic view on the treatment of rheumatic diseases
Petříková, Alena ; Kolář, Jozef (advisor) ; Foltán, Viliam (referee) ; Suchopár, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Charles University in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy Candidate PharmDr. Alena Petříková Supervisor Doc. RNDr. Jozef Kolář, CsC. Title of Doctoral Thesis Pharmacoeconomic view on the treatment of rheumatic diseases The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of selected rheumatic diseases on health and social insurance, and to investigate the severity and cost of individual items and the distribution of costs among specific subgroups of patients according to type of therapy or disease severity. The methodology used was a Cost-Of-Illness analysis from the societal perspective. Data on treatment, reduction of labour productivity and level of disability were collected through questionnaires (between members of patient organizations or doctors). Indirect costs for all diagnoses were calculated by using the Friction Cost Approach and due to the same methodology can be compared. The dissertation is presenting cost analysis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriasis (Ps) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Study cohorts included 1 008 and 509 patients with AS, 256 patients with Ps and 88 patients simultaneously with PsA and 261 patients with RA. Total costs ranged from 94 492 CZK (Ps) to 228 623 CZK...
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ATM and TGFB1 polymorphism in prediction of late complications of chemoreadiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer
Paulíková, Simona ; Petera, Jiří (advisor) ; Kubecová, Martina (referee) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee)
Cervical cancer is due to high incidence the third most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer in the Czech republic. More than 50% of these tumors are diagnosed in advanced stage (st. IIB and higher) and therapy is more difficult than in lower stage tumors. The standard treatement method for locally advanced cervical cancers is combined oncological therapy including external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. This treatement provides good tumor control, but there is also a risk of late complications in irradiated area. Severe late complications affect 10-15% of patients. It is still not possible to predict late complications and therefore detection of valid predictive factors for high tissue radiosensitivity could help to identify patients with increased risk before therapy. Knowledge of such predictive factors would also help to individualize the treatement. New molecular biological methods brought new findings about cancerogenesis, cell cycle regulation and cellular reaction to the radiation damage. It was hypothized, that mutation of genes involved in DNA damage reparation or cell proliferation are one of causes of high tissue radiosensitivity. The aim of our study was to evaluate relations between ATM and TGFß1 polymorphisms and late tissue toxicity in patients treated for...
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Komparační studie čtyř romských životních příběhů
Ryvolová, Karolína ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Acton, Thomas (referee) ; Soukup, Daniel (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to do a comparative analysis of four Romany life-stories in prose from different parts of the world and identify features which may justly be called characteristic of Romany writing. The comparison of Victor Vishnevsky's Memories of a Gypsy, Mikey Walsh's Gypsy Boy and Gypsy Boy on the Run, Andrej Giňa's Paťiv. Ještě víme, co je úcta and Irena Eliášová's Naše osada yields valuable insights into how Romany writers construct their identity and to what extent their current work relates to the existing literary genres. Because of Romany studies' multidisciplinary nature, the extensive introduction lays the theoretical foundations for the analysis. I proceed from the characteristics of Romany studies in general in part 1.2 to the way it was practised during my undergraduate years in Prague as opposed to the Western tradition (part 1.3). Using a case study of the schism Romany studies are currently facing in the Czech Republic, in part 1.4 I attempt to illustrate the more general epistemological challenges the field has been grappling with between essentialist/primordialist and radical constructivist views. As there is a definite scarcity of theoretical literature conceptualising Romany writing, in part 1.5 of the introduction the existing body of work is assessed and found...
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History of Diabetes Treatment in the Czech counties
Krejčová, Jindřiška ; Dohnal, František (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee) ; Král, Karel (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and clinical pharmacy Autor: Jindřiška Krejčová Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. František Dohnal, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: History of diabetes treatment in the Czech countries The aims and objectives of the dissertation is to capture the historical development of the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Czech countries from the earliest times to the present. Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases whose common feature is hyperglycemia (high blood glucose). It is characterized by impaired secretion or insulin action, and is also associated with impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. About 250 million people suffer from diabetes today and diabetes causes about 5 % of all deaths worldwide , so we can talk even about the global epidemic. In 2012, more than 841 thousand people suffered from diabetes in the Czech Republic, which is about 8% of the Czech population . This represents an increase of number of registered diabetics by about 16,000 people in comparision of the year 2011. Diabetes represents not only health , but also a significant economic burden .Historical data on the methods of treatment of diabetes in the Czech lands were mostly taken from the journal "Časopis lékařů českých" ( published...
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