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How to write transcultural literary history?
Petrbok, Václav ; Smyčka, Václav ; Turek, Matouš ; Nekula, M. ; Heimböckel, D. ; Weinberg, M. ; Budňák, Jan ; Futtera, Ladislav ; Horňáček, L. ; Hon, J. K.
A publication How to write a transcultural literary history? contains selected contributions from the international conference held on 15th - 16th November 2018 by the Group for Research on Czech-German Intercultural Relations in the Bohemian Lands in the Institute of Czech Literature of the ASCR. The conference focused on the theoretical and methodological issues of writing the history of several literary cultures in different languages that coexisted in the Bohemian lands. It includes contributions concerning medieval literary production, the exposed “long” 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, as well as a number of problem areas (translation, cultural transfer, periodization, multilingualism, canon, regionalism, confessionalism) and theoretical and methodological approaches (postcolonial studies, transcultural theory, new historicism). In addition to the scholarly intent, this collection also seeks to stimulate further debates on the form of future literary-historical synthesis of literatures of Bohemian Lands across disciplines - Czech studies, German studies and other philologies, as well as cultural science or social and political history.
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Melanchthon's Rozmlouvání utěšené a potěšitedlné Pána Boha s Evou of 1557
Pišna, Jan
The article disscusses the print of Rozmlouvání utěšené a potěšitedlné Pána Boha s Evou vyhnanou z Ráje a rodinou její (A very beautiful and pleasant dialogue between Our Lord and Eve expelled from Paradise as well as with her family) which was translated by the scribe and town councillor Pavel Lucín (1525-1597) from Tábor who later in 1557 had the work published by the Prague printer Jiří Melantrich. The text which Lucín chose as the basis for his translation was one of the editions of the Latin catechism by the Luteran theologian Lucas Lossius. At the end of Lossius' book the text Dialogus pius et festivus, de colloquio Deum (ut ferunt) et Evam was added, which drew inspiration from Melanchthon's Latin letter from the 23th March 1539 addressed to Johan IV., count of Wieda which had been printed several times that year. The final part of the article focuses on the typography and the block print illustration depicting God with Adam and Eve. Remarkable is also the connection of this deptiction with the initial N which is found in various version and stylistic variants of the Bibles printed by Netolický, Melantrich and Samuel Adam of Veleslavín.
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Vlast pláče
Vítová, Andrea
Oslavné básně Vojtěcha Nejedlého, které vyšly souhrnně ve sbírce Básně v roce 1833, byly napsány u příležitosti úmrtí několika významných osobností národního života, mj. F. M. Pelcla, S. Vydry, A. J. Puchmajera a dalších. Nad zármutkem vyjádřeným ustálenými obraty a scénami nicméně převládá vyzdvižení „nesmrtelnosti“ osobností, které se svým vlasteneckým postojem a působením staly vzorem pro své následovníky.
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Vděčné srdce. Blahopřejné verše v 19. století
Vítová, Andrea
Blahopřejné básně byly pro epochu biedermeieru důležitým literárním žánrem. Vycházely z dobového chápání rodiny a zachycovaly idealizovaný obrazu vztahů mezi rodiči a dětmi, příbuznými a přáteli. Básně od dětských říkanek až po rozměrné gratulační skladby byly určeny především k hlasité deklamaci při malých domácích slavnostech, jimž propůjčovaly vyšší nivó. Sbírky gratulační poezie pak znamenaly literární počin, ale současně fungovaly jako společenská příručka. Ačkoli obliba veršovaných blahopřání přetrvávala i ve druhé polovině 19. století, tento žánr směřoval stále více k literární periferii a více než skutečné city vyjadřoval společenským územ danou povinnost.
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Dvě verze Děvína Šebestiána Hněvkovského. Proměny textu ovlivněné dobovou normou
Vítová, Andrea
Hrdinský epos Děvín autora básníka Šebestiána Hněvkovského zachycuje ve svých dvou verzích proměny literárního díla dané změnou dobových preferencí. První verze, vydaná roku 1805, představuje směšnohrdinský epos, který na základě pověsti o dívčí válce parodoval autorovu současnost. Spolu s tím, jak národní historie a mýty nabývaly v letech národního obrození na důležitosti, přestávaly být pověsti vhodnou látkou pro žertovné zpracování. To se odrazilo v nové, přepracované podobě eposu, který vyšel roku 1829, tentokrát jako báseň romanticko-hrdinská. Z textu zmizely přímé, humorné narážky, naopak zesílila snaha o vzletné, metaforické pojmenování skutečnosti; zvláštní důraz byl kladen na statečnost a další kladné charakterové vlastnosti hlavní hrdinky příběhu Vlasty. Zatímco v první verzi eposu bylo jednání lidí, často svévolné, zdrojem humorných situací, hrdinové romantické skladby se nechávají vést vůlí bohů. Idea vlastenectví a slovanské sounáležitosti je rovněž pro přepracovaný text podstatná. Přesto Hněvkovského Děvín vychází ze srovnání s dalšími romantickými eposy o národní minulosti jako dílo s poutavým dějem a méně vykonstruovanými postavami, které neztratilo zdaleka vše ze své původní živosti a vtipu. Jako by se autor snažil vyhovět změněnému vkusu doby, ale v jádru stále zůstával věrný předešlému, svého času tolik oblíbenému zpracování příběhu.
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Quantitative Approaches to Versification
Plecháč, Petr ; Barry, P. ; Skulacheva, T. ; Bermúdez-Sabel, H. ; Kolár, Robert
This volume presents a wide range of quantitative approaches to versification. It comprises various methodological perspectives ranging from simple descriptive statistics to advanced machine learning methods (such as support vector machines, random forests or neural networks) as well as material covering a large span of time and languages: from very ancient versifications (Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittie, Ancient Greek), through medieval (Old English, Old Icelandic, Old Saxon) and Renaissance verse to modern experiments (free verse, concrete poetry), from English and Russian through Spanish and German to Portuguese and Catalan. Not only written, but also spoken poetry has been analyzed. The book covers multiple topics. What they all share in common is that versification is being studied in the context of other linguistic phenomena that may affect or determine it. Analyses of large corpora go hand in hand with comparative approaches. It is shown that quantitative approaches can be used for the purpose of authorship attribution, to build reasonable typologies as well as to understand why certain forms play such a dominant roles in our cultural tradition(s).
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Assessing the reliability of stress as a feature of authorship attribution in syllabic and accentual syllabic verse
Plecháč, Petr ; Birnbaum, D. J.
This work builds on a recent study by one of the authors, which shows that statistics about versification may be used as a feature in the process of authorship attribution. One such statistic is what we have called the stress profile of a poem, a vector consisting of frequencies of stressed syllables at particular metrical positions. Our initial hypothesis was that because syllabic versification (SV) regulates by definition the number of syllables in a line but not the distribution of stresses, it allows authors to individualize their rhythmical style much more than accentual syllabic versification (ASV), where the distribution of stresses is primarily determined by meter. For that reason, we expected the stress profile to be a more reliable indicator of authorship in Spanish SV than in Czech or German ASV. This hypothesis, however, was not supported by our analysis. For most of our samples, German ASV had lower accuracy than Spanish, which we had predicted, but, contrary to our expectations, the accuracy for Czech ASV and Spanish SV were more or less the same. This result led us to hypothesize further that the traditional labels SV and ASV were misleading and we sought to measure the tonic entropy of our data. In this case, Spanish SV, as expected, was found to be the least tonically regular, while there was a significant difference between the two ASV systems: the values for Czech were even closer to Spanish than to the low-scoring German system. This explains why our initial grouping of Czech and German together into a single ASV category was insufficiently nuanced.
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Some Unknown Březina-Related Manuscripts in the Jakub Deml fund in the LA MCL in Prague
Iwashita, Daniela ; Kořínková, Šárka
Otokar Březina, both as a man and a subject, belongs among the central constants of Deml’s entire work. In spite of this, however, Deml’s Březina-related manuscripts have not yet undergone proper examination. This article reports on the authors’ research into Deml’s texts on Březina which had to be retrieved, identified and reconstructed from eight mislabelled and disorganized boxes in the Jakub Deml fund in the Literary Archive of the MCL. The entire collection of manuscripts compiled includes two further boxes of material labelled as “fragments of My Testimony about Otokar Březina”. The authors therefore succeeded in assembling almost the entire manuscript of My Testimony (representing 97% of the approximately 1,000 numbered pages). Both the manuscript structure and parts of the typeset proofs testify to the gradual genesis of the book in four separate sections, and also throw light on the significance of certain changes (e.g. that the integrative as well as subversive part of the work – namely the marginal commentary – came into being only after the printing of the manuscript). Further, the authors managed to identify five bigger fragments of Deml’s unpublished lectures from the years 1929 to 1942. Above all, the article discusses the text of a lecture (59 preserved pages) given by Deml in Velké Meziříčí in 1929, which at the time caused considerable scandal and led to Deml being prosecuted for lèse-majesté against the then Czechoslovak President, until now it had been known only from secondary sources and citations. From the manuscript of the lecture it is clear that Deml had cited not only Březina’s criticism of Masaryk’s philosophy but also his praise of the President’s moral leadership while in office. At the same time the lecture represents the very first version of Deml’s conclusion to My Testimony about Otokar Březina. Two other significant fragments are: first, a fragment (83 preserved pages) of a three-hour lecture, given by Deml in Brno in 1931 and dealing with Otokar Březina’s life and philosophy, and, second, a fragment from 1942 which discusses, among other things, the significance of contradictory statements in Březina’s conversations and letters, which, according to Deml, Březina himself did not consider an integral part of his work.
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