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Application of Constructivist Elements in the Teaching of the Czech Language in the First Year
Sotonová, Jana ; Babušová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eliška (referee)
This thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part discusses what communication means and its types. What constructivism means and what is the difference between transmissive and constructivist teaching. Furthermore, the issue of children's preconcepts and their use is discussed. The practical part focuses on the application of constructivist elements to the teaching of Czech language. In practice, we mean that pupils should deduce a lesson, rule or principle on the basis of their own efforts, previous experience, constructivist/exploratory approach. Furthermore, it is aimed at discovering preconcepts in pupils or their ideas. At the same time, the aim of the thesis is to create activities for Czech language classes that support constructivist teaching. Thus, pupils use constructivist elements to work. The research includes preparations that include activities focusing on the core curriculum of the second year, among which we include: writing i,í/y,ý hard and soft groups, writing ů, ú and meaning relationships of words. Worksheets, analysis and interview were used to identify the objectives.
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Sound Form of Anglicisms among Players of Selected Video Games
Mužíková, Viktorie ; Vlčková, Jana (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of the sound form of anglicisms among players of selected video games (Among Us, Overwatch, World of Warcraft). This thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the gamer community, the definition of anglicisms, the description of the adaptation principles, differences between the phonetic systems of both Czech and English and a short study of previous works. The practical part delves into the descriptions of the chosen video games, the description of the analysed group of speakers and the analysis of the terms excerpted from the video recordings. The conclusion then summarizes the overall results of the analysis of the excerpted terms.
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The Vowel directionality analysis
Sádecká, Denisa ; Musil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jirásek, Ondřej (advisor)
This final thesis attends to comparing different vowels, words and sounds recorded from five individual narrators. In this work the differences and similarities of the male and female speech or pronounciation, the distinction and resemblance in character of Slovak and Czech narrator are all discussed. Work also approaches the difference in pronounciating words which contain the vowel „r“ pronounced subjectively correctly and also spoken by a person with Rhotacism, a speech impediment. During a recording in an anechoic chamber the position of microphone system creating a semicircle was switched from horizontal to vertical axis while rotating the voice actor‘s position from facing the microphones to turning their back to them. For the comparison of sound recordings, signal‘s spectogram and spectograph generated in MatLab environment were used alongside with Praat – speech and phonetics environment. Polar graphs, mapping the directivity of vowels come from Microsoft Excel and LPC graphs from Praat software as well.
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Multimedia signal processing
Staněk, Miroslav ; Pospíšil, Radek (referee) ; Sigmund, Milan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is creation the appropriate multimedia support for signals and system with continuous time. The understanding of this issue is very important, because the obligatory subject Signals and systems, exactly BSIS, is taught at the EST bachelor degree. The understanding is also necessary prerequisite to successful understanding next topics in other related subjects. The next part of this thesis is focused on one dimension discrete signals. Concretely, the aim of this part is a realization of software system. Designed system has some basic operations (the signal energy, the number of signal zero crossing etc.) with sound files and also some advance functions e.g. vowel seeking and separating in fluent speech. The system is divided into two main parts. The first one analyzes sound files, creates the new sound file with wanted vowel and matrices with important parameters for other processing. The second program computes with given data, which statistically evaluates in other steps. The final system can be useful for speaker recognition, his emotional status etc.
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Statistical Processing of Speech Features
Svozil, Martin ; Dolenský,, Jan (referee) ; Staněk, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the speech signal processing and vowel analysis mainly to uncover differences in speech features depending on the emotional state of speaker. Created application ARePa for speech signal processing was developer in Matlab environment and contains Graphical User Interface (GUI) for better manipulation with ARePa and analysed records. The application includes a complete analysis of the speech signal and further comparison of current feature with feature values from database using histograms. Of course, the developer application allows the archivation of currently analysed records into database.
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Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Chládková, Kateřina ; Podlipský, V.J. ; Nudga, Natalia ; Paillereau, Nikola ; Kynčlová, Kateřina ; Šimáčková, Š.
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. We tested whether the learning of new vowels matches 6-month-olds’ listening preferences, being more effective from nonnative-accented speech. We exposed Czech six-month-olds to delexicalised utterances with consonants replaced by [f] and vowels by 405 tokens sampled from a bimodal [ɛ]-[æ] distribution, a contrast absent from Czech, and with either native or atypical rhythm. Discrimination of [ɛ]-[æ] was then tested in an alternating/non-alternating paradigm. Longer first-look duration to non-alternating than to alternating trials – indicating a learning effect – was found in infants familiarised with the novel contrast in atypical rhythm, such effect was not\ndetected after familiarisation with native rhythm. Six-month-olds thus more effectively exploit distributional information about novel vowels from non-native rhythm, which matches their previously reported preferences for listening to novel over familiar accents.
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The Vowel directionality analysis
Sádecká, Denisa ; Musil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jirásek, Ondřej (advisor)
This final thesis attends to comparing different vowels, words and sounds recorded from five individual narrators. In this work the differences and similarities of the male and female speech or pronounciation, the distinction and resemblance in character of Slovak and Czech narrator are all discussed. Work also approaches the difference in pronounciating words which contain the vowel „r“ pronounced subjectively correctly and also spoken by a person with Rhotacism, a speech impediment. During a recording in an anechoic chamber the position of microphone system creating a semicircle was switched from horizontal to vertical axis while rotating the voice actor‘s position from facing the microphones to turning their back to them. For the comparison of sound recordings, signal‘s spectogram and spectograph generated in MatLab environment were used alongside with Praat – speech and phonetics environment. Polar graphs, mapping the directivity of vowels come from Microsoft Excel and LPC graphs from Praat software as well.
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Spanish vowels in Czech students' interlanguage
Černikovská, Štěpánka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zajícová, Lenka (referee) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
(English) The dissertation explores the vowel system of Czech L3 Spanish, focusing on three facets of its architecture: vowel quality (following SLM by Flege 1995, 1999, 2003), vowel quantity and vocalic sequences between words. Preliminary studies (Čechová 2013, 2014) suggest that there might be some evidence for the Mechanism of Equivalence in Czech L3 Spanish, since the vowel spaces of both languages consist of the same categories, with different phonetic realizations. Hence, the more similar the sounds are, the harder it is to capture the relevant difference, necessary to attain native-like pronunciation. Vowel quantity, being traditionally associated with the phonological feature of length in Czech (Palková 1994), is not present in Spanish, and compensating for that property, some Czech speakers tend to pronounce accented syllables with extraordinarily longer durations. Finally, vowel sequences in Spanish are usually subjetct to resyllabification, whereas Czech prefers glottalization to keep morphemes of words separated. These predictions were tested in 22 university Czech students with advanced level of Spanish (C1-C1). Subsequent analysis revealed consistent inclination towards L1 in terms of vowel quality, in less extent in vowel quantity, and although the prevalecent strategy for majority...
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Pronunciation problems of Czech French-learning students and the effectiveness of learning strategies applied by the students of Faculty of Education, Charles University and Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia
Juřičková, Kateřina ; Fenclová, Marie (advisor) ; Schejbalová, Zdeňka (referee) ; Švarbová, Eva (referee)
Pronunciation problems of Czech French-learning students and the effectiveness of learning strategies applied by the students of Faculty of Education, Charles University and Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia AUTHOR: PhDr. Kateřina Juřičková DEPARTMENT: Department of French Language and Literature, Charles University TUTOR: doc. PhDr. Marie Fenclová, CSc. This PhD thesis - a comparative study - deals on the segmental level with vowels which Czech French-learning speakers find difficult to pronounce and on the suprasegmental level with prosodic factors. On the former level, closed vowels both labialized and sharp, nasal vowels, schwa and semi-vowels are analysed. The first, theoretical part of the paper contains the phonetic and phonological characteristics of the Czech language and the French language from the viewpoint of vocalic systems of these languages and from the viewpoint of melody-prosody interaction. The second, experimental part, contains descriptions of the pre- research single phase observation of problematic phenomena obtained from three groups of students of KFJL (Department of French Language and Literature; Faculty of Education - Charles University), and findings from the research proper from two-phase observations of two groups of students of KFJL and...
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