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Concept design of a multi-environment mobile robot
Zezula, Benjamin ; Burian, František (referee) ; Kopečný, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis presents the design of a multi-enviroment mobile robot that combines the simple principle of movement both in water and on land. In particular, the design of a~four-wheeled vehicle is presented, whose innovation lies in the use of blades on the rear wheels. A suitable type of propulsion system is chosen based on a~study of~different types of~robots. During the research of already functional solutions, great emphasis is put on the advantages and disadvantages of~the different actuators as well as their mathematical and physical analysis. The proposed solution includes the proven design of four differentially controlled wheels for movement on land and the use of~blades on the rear wheels for movement in water. This concept is described in detail using a~mathematical-physical model, on the basis of~which a~working prototype has been developed. The thesis concludes with an experimental verification of~the agreement between the mathematical model and the real prototype. This verification focuses on the motion dynamics and the behaviour of the robot in different environments. The differences observed are attributed to external influences such as the resistance of the gears or the manufacturing tolerances of the individual components.
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Assessment of probable causes of corrosion damage of a glass-shaping mould
Jíša, Jakub ; Pantělejev, Libor (referee) ; Man, Ondřej (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to characterize briefly the issue of electrochemical corrosion in the aquatic environment with a focus on cast-iron corrosion and then decide whether the observed damage to the glass-forming mold could arise in the course of two days. A simple corrosion experiment was made in which samples of cast-iron were exposed to the shower of water for 48 hours. Corrosion damage under simulated conditions did not reach the level of damage of the mold.
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Využití vodních rostlin pro fytoremediaci rtuti
Abdrazakova, Kamila
The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains general information about mercury, its forms (primarily Hg2+, monomethylmercury, dimethylmercury and complex mercury compounds) emerging in nature and their bioavailability for living organisms. It is focused on the study of phytoremediation, its types and efficiency in the removal of environmental mercury pollution. The practical part is focused on monitoring the bioaccumulation of mercury in the leaves and roots of Elodea canadensis and Eichhornia crassipes in laboratory conditions. The content of mercury in the leaves of Elodea canadensis and in the roots and leaves of Eichhornia crassipes increased with the accumulation time and with increasing Hg concentration in the aquatic environment. The bioaccumulation factor increased with increasing mercury concentration in the aquatic environment for submerged plant parts, i.e. watercress leaves and water hyacinth root. For water hyacinth leaves that are not in direct contact with mercury in the aquatic environment, an increase in BAF with mercury concentration in the aquatic environment was not observed. The translocation of mercury from the root of Eichhornia crassipes to its leaves was low, with translocation index ranging up to 0.11. The best option for the phytoremediation of the aquatic environment from mercury is the root of Eichhornia crassipes, which is its hyperaccumulator.
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Teaching of Hydrobiological Themes in the Natural Science at 2nd Grade of Elementary Schools in Central Bohemia
Mázlová, Kristýna ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis is focusing on explaining the teaching of hydrobiological topics in natural science classes at the secondary level of primary schools, specifically in the Central Bohemian Region. The aim of the thesis is to: - introduce the issues of hydrobiological topics in natural science classes to the reader - to implement these topics into teaching at the secondary level of primary schools - to find out how these teachings are applied into practice on the secondary level of primary schools in the Central Bohemian Region - (and) to find out how much the students are interested in learning about hydrobiological topics The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part talks about hydrobiological theory, aquatic environment, and individual representatives of fauna and flora that occur in the studied area. It also explores the idea of anthropogenic activity (which has an impact on the aquatic environment), and the protection of waters and their habitats in the Czech Republic. In the second part, the thesis explores the characteristics of the Central Bohemian Region from the perspective of hydrobiology and selected places that are interesting and suitable for excursions. In the practical part of the thesis, selected natural science textbooks were...
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Porovnání přežívání a růstu raka červeného a raka mramorovaného v teplotně suboptimálních podmínkách
DAVID, Jaroslav
Biological invasions are increasingly recognized as biological and economic threats. The numbers of these invasions continue to rise over time, disrupting the original biodiversity. In this experiment, we focused on two species of crayfish native to North America, the red swamp crayfish and the marbled crayfish, which are among the most important invasive crayfish worldwide. To determine which of these species should be dominant in permanently suboptimal temperature conditions (water temperature of 16 °C), we conducted an experiment evaluating growth, mortality, claws damage, and maturation in single-species and mixed stocks. It turned out that the faster-growing species was the red swamp crayfish, which grew the fastest in mixed stocks, at the expense of marbled crayfish, which, on the contrary, grew more slowly in these stocks than in single-species stocks. There were no large differences in survival in the individual groups, except single-species marbled crayfish stocks, for which the survival rate was about 15% higher than in other groups. The incidence of individuals with damaged claws was higher for red swamp crayfish, a large difference was recorded between marble crayfish groups, when in mixed stocks the damage was circa five times higher contrary to the single-species setup. At the end of the experiment (week 18), three mature males with gonopods and one female with glair glands were found in the red swamp crayfish.
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Creation of instructional DVD rescue and first aid in the aquatic environment for students of high pedagogical schools
MIČAN, Richard
The bachelor thesis called ?Creation of instructional DVD of rescue and first aid in water environment for university students? deals with crisis situations, which can easily occur in water environment. These crises threaten the life-threatened often and, without first aid, endanger the consequences. People get close to the aquatic environment at work, during transport, recreation, or regeneration throughout the year. The main goal is to create an educational DVD about the rescue from the aquatic environment through literature and practical experience. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the basic skills, which are then transferred to the audiovisual form in the practical part. The benefit and efficiency of the instructional DVD has been tested on respondents. The instructional video is intended for university students. However, it can also be used by teachers, wider and professional public.
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Srdeční a pohybová aktivita raků jako nástroj ke studiu vlivu farmaceuticky aktivních látek
LOŽEK, Filip
Aquatic ecosystems face to anthropogenic pollution worldwide. One of the currently investigated pollutants entering the aquatic environment due to the insufficient efficiency of wastewater treatment plants are pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), such as psychoactive pharmaceuticals or illegal drugs. Although the target organism is human, PhACs target evolutionarily old receptors, so their presence in the environment affects organisms across the animal kingdom. The first part of the dissertation summarizes the current knowledge about the impact of psychoactive substances on the biological parameters of aquatic invertebrates including mollusc and arthropods. Some animals, such as crayfish, are sensitive indicators of the quality of the water to which they respond by ethophysiological changes. Consecutive parts of thesis are composite from scientific publications starting with subscription of novel robust method of non-invasive measuring of crayfish cardiac activity. The method was validated in second publication where the natural (scent of food, predator, conspecific and injured conspecific) and chemical (water disinfectant chloramineT) stimuli were distinguished by crayfish in order to be able to study changes in responses to stress when exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of PhACs i.e. analgesic tramadol what is covered in the third paper. Fourth and final publication describes the alterations in the heart rate and behaviour while stress response of crayfish during long term exposure to 1 ?g.l-1 of illicit drug methamphetamine. The discussion critically compares the advantages and disadvantages of individual approaches used in the detection of changes in biological parameters of organisms exposed to psychoactive substances and suggested future ways of progress in study area. From the results obtained we concluded that the crayfish organism with its biological functions is sensitive to detect selected psychoactive compounds in the relatively low concentrations that were found in the aquatic environment. In addition, ethophysiological alterations highlight possible impacts of these compounds on the ecology of aquatic invertebrates. The recorded effects on crayfish cardiac physiology could present a new area of research in relation not only to residual PhACs, but to a wide range of contaminants with possible impacts on the aquatic environment.
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Sledování farmaceutik a produktů osobní péče od zdrojů až po recipienty
BOŘÍK, Adam
This dissertation thesis provides comprehensive treatise about development and evaluation of analytical method for application in environmental research of pharmaceutical and personal care products in recipients and another relevant sample matrix. Special attention is paid to application of advanced ionization technique LDTD-APCI for direct sample introduction into mass spectrometer. Also, results obtained with LDTD-APCI coupled with different mass spectrometers were mutually compared and direct simple introduction was compared with conventional LC methods as well. Presented results reflect applicability of LDTD-APCI for environmental research and potential benefits are listed and discussed along with the methods limitations.
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Habitat shifts to aquatic environment and back to dry land in the evolution of Coleoptera
Sýkora, Vít ; Fikáček, Martin (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
The order Coleoptera (beetles) includes both terrestrial and aquatic species. The whole order as well as for all suborders (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga) in ancetrally terrestrial. Habitat shifts occured in all suborders except Archostemata. A single shift to aquatic environment is probable in Myxophaga and Adephaga, multiple independent shifts from aquatic to terrestrial environments took place in Polyphaga. Multiple secondary habitat transitions back to terrestrial life style occured in Adephaga, Myxophaga and Polyphaga. However, phylogenetic relationships and/or detailed habitat requirements of adults and larvae are still unknown for many groups. That is why a reliable reconstruction of the evolution of habitat transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environment is still impossible in many cases. Key words: Coleoptera, habitat shifts, aquatic environment, terrestrial environment, evolution, phylogeny, biodiversity, morphology, adaptation
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Host-parazite coevolution in aquatic environments
Hubová, Jana ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Antagonistic coevolution is a major driving force in the evolution of host and parasite. Parasites create on their host a time delay, negative frequency-dependent selection, which leads to oscillations in both genotypes of antagonists, as suggested by the Red Queen hypothesis derived for coevolution of host and parasite. The most commonly used systems for the study of host-parasite coevolution in an aquatic environment are (thanks to their features): diatom Asterionella and chytrid Zygorhizidium, aquatic snail Potamopyrgus and trematods Microphallus, water fleas Daphnia and their microparasites. Coevolution between host and parasite causes a number of phenomena, such as maintenance of genetic polymorphism, temporal oscillations of genotype frequencies, the persistence of sexual reproduction, parasite local and host adaptations. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge on the coevolution of the above-mentioned three host-parasite systems in the aquatic environment. Key words: Red Queen hypothesis, host-parasite coevolution, negative frequency-dependent selection, aquatic environments, Asterionella formosa, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Daphnia.
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