|
|
Methods for the detection of Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius using real-time PCR
Hrabák, Jaroslav ; Vlková, Kateřina ; Erban, Tomáš
The methodology is intended for diagnostic laboratories focused on bee infections. Detection of the causative agents of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae) and European foulbrood (Melissococcus plutonius) is essential to prevent the spread of those highly contagious infections of a honey bee (Apis mellifera) diseases. In case of the suspicion, an examination of bee colonies in protective zones of the disease is indicated. The second possibility of use is the confirmation of the infection based on the detected clinical symptoms in the bee colony. The main target user in the Czech Republic are laboratories investigating animal diseases for the State Veterinary Administration (SVS) (accredited laboratories) in case of suspected disease and investigations in protective zones. Other target users are laboratories investigating bee colonies for reasons of preventive surveillance based on the request of beekeepers. The PCR method enables fast and reliable detection of P. larvae and M. plutonius from different samples taken from the bee colony. Compared to classic microbiological techniques, it allows to provide a result within a few hours of receiving the sample in the laboratory. In this way, it is possible to ensure, above all during the period of intense flight activity of bees, early intervention in bee colonies suspected of the occurrence of the mentioned diseases and to prevent the spread of the disease to nearby habitats of bee colonies.
Fulltext:  PDF
|
|
|
Legal regulation of beekeeping
Vaněk, Jindřich ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Fabšíková, Tereza (referee)
Legal regulation of beekeeping Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the western honey bee, beekeeping and its legal regulation and its history. Considering the fragmentation of Czech legal regulation of beekeeping among numerous acts, the goal of this thesis is to describe it in a logical and comprehensible manner and provide its analysis. Furthemore, the thesis aims to provide a comparison between Czech regulation and regulation abroad as well as evaluate the quality and level of our legislation, eventually suggesting possible adjustments. The thesis mostly uses descriptive and comparative methods as well as the method of analysis and synthesis. When it comes to the interpretation of legal provisions, the textual, logical and systematic methods are prevalently used with the occasional usage of historical and comparative methods. The thesis is divided into eight chapters which are further expanded upon in subchapters and paragraphs. The first chapter focuses on the western honey bee from biological and legal standpoint, distinguishing between the point of view of public law and private law. The second chapter serves as a brief excursion into the history of beekeeping and its legal regulation, mostly in Europe, spanning from prehistoric to contemporary times. The third chapter unravels the importance and...
|
|
|
Approximation of functions determining colony activity using neural networks
Nevláčil, Jakub ; Ligocki, Adam (referee) ; Honec, Peter (advisor)
Bees as a primary pollinator are an indispensable contribution to global agriculture and food production. However, their numbers have been constantly declining in recent times, primarily due to climate change, parasites or the effect of pesticide use. Understanding their behavior and reliably determine their activity and health could significantly prevent or slow down their decline. That is why this work deals with the development of a device for the acquisition of useful data from beehives, which could be used to determine the activity and health of the bees. Furthermore, this work deals with analysis of the accumulated data using machine learning methods with an emphasis on determining the activity and health of the bees.
|
|
|
Obranné reakce včel vůči přírodním toxinům
KAINZOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this master thesis was to describe the effect of honeybee venom on several physiological characteristics in the honeybees Apis mellifera themselves. They included the expression and level of vitellogenin in selected organs, AKHs production in CNS, level of dopamine in brain, fat body and Malpighian tubules, oxidative stress (the activity of catalase) and the structure of thoracic muscles in workers and drones. Results showed that the bee venom did not change the AKH level in CNS. However, the envenomation decreased the expression of vitellogenin in fat body, as well as the level of vitellogenin proteins both in fat body and haemolymph. Catalase activity was increased in the gut of workers but decreased in the gut of drones. The venoms application slightly increased dopamine levels in the fat body, brain and Malpighian tubules, but only in the fat body the rise was significant. Honeybee venom damaged the structures of myofibrils and mitochondria in the thoracic muscles of workers, however, co-application of the venom with AKH generally abolished this effect; situation in drones remains unknown.
|
|
|
Včelí pastva a výživný potenciál medonosné rostliny
Půst, Petr
The diploma thesis is focused on the nutritional potential of bee friendly plants in the landscape for the honeybee. The aim was to verify a new method of evaluating the intensity nectar production of plants using the average daily weight changes of bee colonies placed in isolation cages on a plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. In the experiment, it was confirmed that the intensity of nectar production of bee friendly plants can be evaluated through the mass development of bee colonies placed in isolation cages with flowering vegetation with the same phenological phase. Statistically, it was not proved that plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia produce a higher amount of nectar during the first 7 days during its full bloom. The estimate of the honey yield in the experimental field growth of Phacelia tanacetifolia reached 210.5 kg/ha. The results can be used to investigate the effects on the production of nectar from plants in the future, thereby increasing the nutritional value of bee grazing in practice. Because a more nutritious bee pasture in the landscape is a fundamental determinant for the creation of a healthy, viable and productive bee colony.
|
|
|
Změny ve vývoji hltanových žláz a obsahu celkového proteinu v hemolymfě dělnic včely medonosné
Babica, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on developmental specifics of honeybees emerged during the season and on monitoring the differences between weak, medium and strong honeybee colonies. The level of the total haemolymph protein appears to be an important indicator of worker bee condition and signals of the occurrence of the winter generation of bees. The level of the total haemolymph protein of bees emerged in August was several times higher than the protein level of bees hatched from May to the end of July. The strong colonies showed the highest values of total haemolymph protein. The size of the hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) indicates the biological aging of the workers and development of the bee colony during season. Nurses were characterized by the most developed HPGs, and foragers had HPGs atrophied. Bees emerged in the late summer had more developed HPGs. These physiological parameters are influenced by the division of labour in dependence of temporal and biological polyethism.
|
|
|
Education of preschool children in the topic of honey bee as an important pollinator.
MERIKOVÁ, Jitka
Presented bachelor thesis was focused on creating a range of educational activities within the framework of environmental education, the aim of which was to raise the awareness of preschool children about the importance of the honey bee as our important pollinator. The main emphasis was placed on a playful form of activities that are intended to arouse children's interest in learning in the given area and, using experiential learning methods, to realize the importance of pollinators for our society and humanity as such. Basic pedagogical terms and terminology were defined in the theoretical part. Another part of the bachelor's thesis was devoted to the origin of the honey bee, its biology and morphology. An integral part of this literary part, a description of the principle of pollination, its impact on food production and environmental biodiversity. In the Practical part, activities focused on a playful form of experiential learning was presented. The presented activities were implemented in a kindergarten in South Bohemia and are described in detail. The program was subjected to reflection, which evaluated the impact of educational offers on children in kindergarten.
|
|
|
Bee trypanosomatids and their interactions with pollutants
Pařízková, Kamila ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Krejčí Bruce, Alena (referee)
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are highly valued worldwide for their products, but also as pollinators of crops and wild plants. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, a large number of pathogens that weaken the bee colonies are spread both inside and between colonies. In recent decades, high annual losses of bees have been recorded, which still do not have a clear explanation. The sudden loss of bees (known as colony collapse disorder) is likely due to the interaction of multiple factors at once. A large part of the problem is attributed to viral diseases and some parasitic organisms; parasites of the Trypanosomatida group play an uncertain role. A member of this group, Crithidia bombi, is considered a problematic inhabitant of the digestive tract of bumblebees, which can cause serious complications. Close relatives, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim, parasites of honeybees, are sometimes associated with their higher mortality. Pesticides, whose effects can be very toxic, have also come to the forefront in assessing bee losses, and most pesticides have therefore been banned in the EU. This thesis examines the prevalence, infection development, and host specificity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in bees and their pesticide interactions. A total of 26 species of...
|
|
|
Approximation of functions determining colony activity using neural networks
Nevláčil, Jakub ; Ligocki, Adam (referee) ; Honec, Peter (advisor)
Bees as a primary pollinator are an indispensable contribution to global agriculture and food production. However, their numbers have been constantly declining in recent times, primarily due to climate change, parasites or the effect of pesticide use. Understanding their behavior and reliably determine their activity and health could significantly prevent or slow down their decline. That is why this work deals with the development of a device for the acquisition of useful data from beehives, which could be used to determine the activity and health of the bees. Furthermore, this work deals with analysis of the accumulated data using machine learning methods with an emphasis on determining the activity and health of the bees.
|
|
|
Comparison of selected quality indicators of honeys from different countries of the European Union
HOSNEDLOVÁ, Barbora
The topic of the diploma thesis was to compare selected quality indicators of individual samples of honey obtained from the countries of the European Economic Community. The samples of honey were both single-species (chestnut, sunflower, ...) and multi-species (meadow, forest). The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the characteristics of individual types of honey and their composition. Furthermore, the basic physical, chemical and sensory requirements for honey are described here, according to Czech Decree No. 76/2003 Coll. The practical part contains its own physicochemical analysis according to Harmonized methods of European Honey of the honey samples. Seventeen samples were evaluated. They were evaluated for water content, acidity, and a test was also carried out for evidence of damage to the honey by starch sugar or malt extracts. The results of the compared honey samples show that eight samples were violated by starch sugar or malt extracts, while the criterion for water content was fine and all honey samples complied with the Czech Decree No. 76/2003 Coll.
|
guest ::
