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Nutrition as one tool in obesity therapy.
JEŘÁBKOVÁ, Simona
The topic of this thesis is "Nutrition as one of the tools in obesity therapy". Obesity reduces the quality of life and shortens its duration. It is therefore important to pay attention to its prevention and treatment.The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to chart the dietary changes of obese subjects in the context of nutritional intervention. The second aim was to determine the weight change of obese subjects under nutritional intervention. The research was carried out using a qualitative method using a nutritional intervention and by analyzing the diet plans from the selected respondents. The diets were calculated using Nutriservis application. The study population consisted of 8 obese respondents with a BMI of 30+ kg/m2, of whom 3 were males and 5 females in the age range of 33-62 years.The obtained data shows that most respondents have changed their eating habits, except for 2 respondents. Five respondents managed to reduce body weight, mostly adipose tissue, because of dietary change. The remaining 3 respondents failed to reduce body weight, but instead experienced weight gain, as 2 respondents did not change their dietary habits and 1 respondent was an exception due to unhealthy low energy intake. Incorrect eating habits before the nutritional intervention were present in all respondents. The biggest problem was irregular and high energy intake in the form of high fat and simple carbohydrates. The respondents were mostly deficient in protein and fiber in their diet. The diets contained no whole grains, fish, legumes, or fresh vegetables. Processed food sweetened full-fat dairy products, and sweetened fizzy drinks, tea or coffee featured heavily in the diets. The biggest dietary changes after the nutrition intervention were an increase in protein, whole grains, and a reduction in sweetened dairy products and sweets. There was a substitution of full-fat dairy products for low-fat options and an increase in unsweetened drinks. All respondents took away from the nutrition intervention new knowledge about nutrition and the principles of good nutrition. Successful respondents who were able to reduce their body weight promoted their health and reduced obesity-related health complications.
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The challenges of dietary supplements in sports nutrition.
HENC, Jaroslav
This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of dietary supplements in athletes' nutrition. It is a topic of increasing significance in recent years, as many athletes use various dietary supplements to enhance their performance. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on nutrition, macronutrients, hydration, and introduces dietary supplements commonly used in sports nutrition. The practical part employs a qualitative method and collects data through semi-structured interviews with seven strength athletes and seven endurance athletes who use dietary supplements.
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A survey of the eating habits of athletes focused on ball games.
MÍKOVÁ, Eliška
Proper eating habits and quality nutrition of sportsmen and sportswomen, who are focused on the ball games, remain often negleted although can play an important role in their sporting training. This work is aimed at summarization of available information concernig the optimal nutrition of sportsmen and sportswomen who activly play ball games. The aim of this work was evaluation of differences in eating habits of two groups of people - adults playing activly the ball games as football or volleyball and adults doing sport occasionaly or not al all. The survey was held in 2023 by nutritional questionnare (n=60). We studied eating habits of two groups of 30 respondents (individuals age 20-40, 15 men and 15 women) - sportsmen and sportswomen in one group and men and women of common population in the second one. The questionnare contained 27 questions, the first ones were focused on getting anthropometric parameters, the next ones on eating regimen and physical activities. At the group of sportsmen , higher consumption of alkohol and tobacco products was recorded. At the group of common population insufficient physical activity was revealed as well as overweight and obesity. Women of both groups consume vegetables more often than men. Men rank the snack in their daily menu significantly more often than women, sportsmen eat snack more often than men of common population (p <0,05). Men both groups consume fish meat more often than women (p <0,05). We found out that men and women playing ball games devote more time to sport activities than men and women of common population (p <0,05). Sportswomen drink the highest amount of sweet drinks /juice and tea/ whereas the lowes one the women of common population do (p <0,05). Any mistakes of eating habits of sportsmen and sportswomen as well as common population weren´t found, exept some lacks said above. Neverthless, it would be beneficial to consider diversity and balance of daily menu.
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Mapping the influence of the Mediterranean (kosher diet) and traditional Czech diet on the incidence of colorectal cancer
Ben-Perets, Diana Ester ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with mapping the influence of the Mediterranean (kosher) diet and the traditional Czech diet on the occurrence of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to identify differences between the eating habits of Israelis and Czechs and to assess their potential impact on the development of this type of cancer. The methodology included an analysis of the eating habits of both groups, epidemiological data and a literature review of relevant studies. The results of the study indicate that there are differences between the eating habits of Israelis and Czechs, with the Israeli diet, although influenced by westernization, showing positive tendencies compared to the traditional Czech diet. This observed difference may play a key role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Despite the fact that Israelis are not strictly limited to the Mediterranean diet, the study highlights its positive effect on reducing the risk of this disease. On the contrary, the negative contribution of the traditional Czech diet underlines the need to improve eating habits in the Czech population. This work contributes to the literature regarding the influence of diet on health and offers a comprehensive view of the differences between the Mediterranean and Czech diets in relation to colorectal cancer....
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Vliv změny stravovacího režimu na vybrané ukazatele mikrobiomu lidského trávicího traktu
Patloka, Ondřej
The literature review of this thesis discusses the intestinal microbiome of the human gastrointestinal tract. The main attention is paid to the chapters on the development of the intestinal microflora within the life stages of a person, the importance of the microbiota in terms of metabolism and influencing the health of the host, and the influence of the way of eating in terms of the intake of basic nutrients and specific food components of the diet, which can change the bacterial diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora. In the practical part, a microbiological analysis of the fecal microflora of six individuals (n=6) who underwent a weight reduction course was performed. During the experiment, 3 microbiological analyzes of the stool of the probands were performed within the monitored period, i.e. (at the beginning of the weight reduction course, at its end and in the period after the end of the weight reduction course). Microbiological analysis was performed by the plate method, where the number of KTJ/g stool of the probands was evaluated after cultivation. For each of the probands, one sample was analyzed in each phase of the experiment. For statistical evaluation, the averages of log KTJ/g from the stool of all probands within each phase of the experiment were used. At the same time, there was a detailed evaluation of the intake of basic nutrients and other food components of the diet from the dietary records of the probands within the individual periods of the experiment. At the end, a correlation analysis was performed between the observed parameters. During the experiment, there was a decrease in the intake of total carbohydrates, monoenoic and trans fatty acids (P<0.05). In the group of probands, a tendency to decrease total energy intake and increased fiber intake was also noted. As part of the reduction course, there was a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroides spp. and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). In contrast, the numbers of Lb were increased at the end of the reduction program. acidophilus and Lb. rhamnosus in the stool of probands (P<0.05). In addition, in the period after the end of the reduction course, there was an increase in the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. (P<0.05) and a reduction in the number of Enterococcus spp. in the proband group (P<0.05). Based on the detected changes in the abundance of the bacterial composition of the cultured taxa, a possible reduction in the body weight of the probands within the monitored experiment can be assumed.
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Kvantitativní zastoupení bakterií rodu Lactobacillus v lidském zažívacím traktu v závislosti na změně stravovacích návyků
Kolísková, Kateřina
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of quantitative representation of the bacterial family in the human digestion system depending on changes in eating habits. The start of literary digest addresses general characteristics of digestion microbiome and its bacterial represen-tation. The most comprehensive part belongs to individual factors, who influenced overall number of bacterial species inhabiting the digestion microbiome. The last chapters of the theoretical part belong to cultivative and molecular biological methods, which are used in examination of the human digestion tract. Experimental part focuses on differences in the number of individual bacteria in the samples of human excrements, whose presence was determined by cultivative methods. Isolation of bacterial DNA was performed, which was subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. In resulting values, we observed small changes (p < 0,05) in bacterial species L. acidophilus a L. rhamnosus at the end of the second period. All bacterial families, except Bacteroides, had downward tendency (p > 0,05). Based on acquired data from food records, we observed changes in consumption of basic macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and fiber. Only in carbohydrates and sim-ple sugars, we observed statistically provable differences (p > 0,05). Final analysis proved that changes in eating habits did not influence the total number of bacterial species inhabiting digestion microbiome.
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Stravovací návyky adolescentů
Krys, Lukáš
The bachelor's thesis deals with the eating habits of adolescents in secondary schools with a focus on gastronomy. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts related to the topic are clarified - the period of adolescence, adolescent nutrition and components of nutrition, eating behavior and eating habits of adolescents. The theoretical work also describes the environment influencing the eating habits, physical activity of adolescents and their preferences in eating. The practical part is based on the quantitative method of a questionnaire survey, where the information obtained will be used to determine whether adolescents have correct or incorrect informations and habits in the area of proper eating.
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Poruchy příjmu potravy a stravovací návyky u žáků SŠ
Zapalová, Markéta
Bachelor's thesis dealing with eating habits, nutrition and any subsequent problems that may arise from bad eating habits. It is primarily focused on eating disorders. The work is focused on high school students, i.e. on adolescents. The first chapter deals with the definition of eating habits, health and nutrition. The second chapter deals with the eating habits of adolescents and shows how the ideal diet of secondary school students should look and how it differs from the actual eating habits of students. The third chapter defines eating disorders and what disorders can be included in this category.
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