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Energy drinks in contemporary nutrition
Krňávková, Martina ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis is dealing with consumption of energy drinks and their effects on the human organism. The introductory part gives an overview of the most frequently occurring components of energy drinks including their chemical composition, properties and sources of these substances and nutrition recommendations. The next section describes the effects of consumption of energy drinks on the human body and health in general. The final part deals in detail with the impact of their consumption on sports performance and on human health and the possible consequences of consuming energy drinks combined with alcohol.
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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Objectification and differences of strength and speed in young elite soccer players.
Procházka, Martin ; Malý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kunzmann, Egon (referee)
Author: Martin Procházka Title: Objectification and differences of strength and speed in young elite soccer players Objective: The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to objectify and compare selected strength and speed abilities in young elite football players of the U16 category at AC Sparta Prague club. A sub-objective of this work is to compare the results within the tested group of players and provide an overall comparison of the measured data. Methods: The research sample consisted of 21 players. Laboratory testing included the diagnosis of body composition, measurement of thigh muscle strength, and testing explosive strength of the lower limbs. Field testing comprised a 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m sprint acceleration test, a 5-0-5 agility test, and a maximal 20 m linear sprint test. Results: The analysis of players showed significant disparities in the strenght of the anterior and posterior thigh muscles. Goalkeepers excelled in tests of explosive strenght in the lower limbs. In measurements of acceleration speed, forwards achieved the best times, while defenders exhibited slower results. Overall, there is a notable variability in the movement abilities of players depending on their positions on the field. Conclusion: The aim of our bachelor thesis was to objectify and compare the strength and speed...
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The effect of voluntary hypoventilation on physical performance and selected parameters of physiological function in athletes - a systematic review
Křivánková, Eliška ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Brtník, Tomáš (referee)
Title: The effect of voluntary hypoventilation on physical performance and selected parameters of physiological function in athletes - a systematic review Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to summarize the results of selected studies dealing with voluntary hypoventilation technique and from the obtained data determine the possibility and extent of using this technique to improve sports performance. Methods: The bachelor thesis was conducted in the form of a systematic review, according to the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. Relevant scientific articles and studies were retrieved using four internet databases, namely Web of Science, Pub Med, Scopus and EBSCOhost, followed by literature research of the retrieved publications. Results: A total of 129 potential studies were retrieved from which 16 relevant publications were selected and included in the systematic review. In all cases, these were cohort studies, seven of them focused on investigating the acute response of hypoventilation training and nine on its long-term effect. Together, these studies collected data from 270 actively exercising probands. Conclusions: The results of selected scientific studies over the last twenty years suggest that hypoventilation training could be a beneficial and affordable training method to improve...
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Assessment of training and performance development of the athlete
Takácsová, Markéta ; Vostatková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: Assessment of training and performance development of the athlete Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the performance development of a sprinter who switched to athletics from another sport at the age of 17. The work focuses on the analysis of sports preparation, the evaluation of performance development in the athletic disciplines of 60 m and 100 m and the identification of key factors influencing his sports success. Methods: The study used the method of content analysis of training diaries from the RTC, in which the assessed sprinter achieved a personal best in the 100 m run. This is the RTC 2012/2013. General training indicators and special training indicators for sprints in athletics were obtained from the training diaries and subsequently evaluated. These training indicators were compared with the recommended values for the male category according to Kampmiller et al., (2002). Results: The analysis of the training diaries showed that the monitored sprinter P. B. exceeded the recommended values for the volume of strengthening with equipment and several times also for rebounding exercises. It shows comparable values with the recommended ones for maximum speed volume, speed endurance and special running exercises. We record a significantly lower volume in the case...
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Relative Age Effect in Czech Sport Climbing
Lonský, Ondřej ; Bačáková, Radka (advisor) ; Baláš, Jiří (referee)
Title: Relative Age Effect in Czech Sport Climbing Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the manifestation of the Relative Age Effect in selected talented youth and the adult national team of sport climbing in the Czech Republic. Methods: The study analyzes the statistical significance of the expected and actual distribution of birth months in the sample studied. The research sample includes 173 subjects who have been selected for Youth Sports Centers, Elite Sports Centers for Youth, or National Sports Centers for Youth and the national sport climbing team. The chi-squared test, in the form of a goodness-of-fit test, is used to assess the manifestation of the Relative Age Effect. Results: In the overall sample studied (173 subjects), no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of births between the first and second halves of the year. The Relative Age Effect was not demonstrated in men, while in women, a statistically significant difference was found, with a higher number of births in the first half of the year. This indicates the presence of RAE in women in Czech sport climbing. Further results relate to specific groups within the sample, such as members of youth sports centers and national teams. Conclusion: The manifestation of the Relative Age Effect was...
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Evaluation of selected biomechanical parameter's in triple jump
Sivila, Siddartha Humberto ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Bachelor thesis title: Evaluation of selected biomechanical parameters in triple jump Prepared by: Siddartha Humberto Sivila Supervisor of the bachelor thesis: Doc. PhDr. Ales Kaplan, Ph.D., MBA. Aims of the thesis: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate selected biomechanical parameters of medalists from the Czech Republic Triple Jump Championships in recent years. The thesis focused on analyzing the performances of Czech triple jumpers, approach velocities, lengths of individual jumps, and ground contact times. An additional objective was to examine the relationship between ground contact time and speed loss, in order to determine whether the statement holds true that shorter ground contact time results in lesser speed loss. Methodology: The research utilized a method of analysis and comparison based on data obtained from the website of the Czech Athletics Federation. Foreign scientific articles and Czech literature were used to enhance understanding. Comparisons were conducted between the indoor and outdoor seasons. Performance comparisons were made among individual jumpers occupying medal positions. Additionally, a comparison was made between the indoor and outdoor seasons. Results: To achieve medal positions in the indoor season, in recent years it was necessary to achieve...
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Regular physical activity as a circadian Zeitgeber
Fenclová, Aneta ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
The function of almost every cell in the body is regulated by the circadian system. At the whole-body level, this system consists of the main oscillator, which is formed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and peripheral oscillators of individual organs and tissues. This system is sensitive to periodic changes in the external environment, particularly to the alternation of light and darkness, and under unfavorable lighting conditions, it can lead to desynchronization of both this timing system with the solar cycle and the mutual desynchronization of individual organs and tissues. This temporal mismatch of physiological processes can cause a range of diseases and metabolic disorders, and can be partially prevented by regular physical activity. Daily oscillations of circadian rhythms in many cardiovascular and metabolic parameters also determine the ideal time of day for anaerobic performance. This bachelor's thesis is a selection and comparison of information from professional literature and available studies dealing with the mutual influence of physical activity and circadian rhythms. There are works mentioned here that test the effect of physical activity on internal desynchronization of the melatonin rhythm and sleep pattern, on the circadian synchronization of skeletal muscle, as...
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The issue of vitamin D in elite sport
Káchová, Nikola ; Dostal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalendová, Barbora (referee)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be synthesized in the skin after exposure to sunlight or obtained through food or supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 days of sun exposure in an area with higher levels of UV radiation (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) on vitamin D concentrations in a selected group of water slalom athletes and to further evaluate the changes in concentrations after a further 14 and 30 days after return. Data for the study were obtained by using four blood draws and comparing the average vitamin D concentration between the blood draws. Eleven elite athletes aged 18-35 years who were not taking vitamin D supplements participated in the study. The results showed that before the intervention, the athletes had average vitamin D levels lower (69.4 nmol/l) than the lower reference limit set at 75 nmol/l. Exposure to sunlight for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in vitamin D concentration, with an average increase of 10.8 nmol/l in the study group. Upon return to the Czech Republic, the vitamin D level increased slightly by an average of 0.7 nmol/l for 14 days, but this increase was not statistically significant compared to the previous sampling. After 30 days of stay, the vitamin D level decreased on average by 1.3 nmol/l. This result...
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The influence of the menstrual cycle on the sports performance of cyclists
Podskalská, Anna ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Soukupová, Vendula (referee)
Title: Influence of the menstrual cycle on the sports performance of female cyclists. Objectives: The aim of this work is to analyse the performance of female elite athletes in cycling in different phases of the menstrual cycle using a questionnaire survey and laboratory testing. And to find out whether menstrual cycle and its phases affect their sport performance. Methods: In our thesis we used two method. The first method was a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire sent to women who are or have been involved in cycling. The second method was a laboratory stress test of three female cyclists. We tested each proband during three phases of her menstrual cycle. During the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases. Results: We found that the menstrual cycle affects athletic performance. Based on the questionnaire we learned that they perceived the influence of the menstrual cycle on their sport performance, whether due to physical or psychological difficulties. Testing showed that during the follicular phase, all probands experienced an increase in maximal performance. At the same time, they all described their mood as cheerful and energetic. During the luteal phase, on the other hand, all probands experienced a decrease in maximum performance. At the same time, they defined their mood as neutral to...
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