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Study of spent coffee ground detoxification after application of composting
Kopková, Hana ; Nábělek, Jakub (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Coffee is the world's most consumed beverage, leaving a large amount of food waste. This work is focused on secondary utilization of coffee grounds with wheat bran by composting. Spent coffee grounds have a high content of minerals, excellent sorption properties and a high content of organic carbon. However, spent coffee ground has significat phytotoxic efect, due to high concntof coffein, phenolic compounds, melanoids etc. Composting could reduce negative effect on plants. After composting, content of phenolic compounds and caffeine was reduced and the C/N ratio changed. Conductivity measurements showed that composting coffee grounds did not have a significant effect on concetration of salt. Mixture 3 (25 % less spent coffee grounds) showed the highest availability of mineral substances. Aspects of the degradation of phenolic substances and caffeine, K1 (spent coffee grounds:wheat bran:was the most suitable mixture for composting. This effect could be linked to the prosperity of the compost. Thermophilic phases was the longest for this particular mixture K1. The results suggest that the composted coffee grounds could be a suitable soil additive as their overall properties were improved.
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Study of the effect of adding coffee grounds to the soil on the growth of selected plants
Kopková, Pavlína ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Due to the globally high consumption of coffee, a large amount of spent coffee grounds is generated. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of this waste material in agriculture as fertiliser for field crops. Growth experiments were conducted with brown soil enriched with 2.5 vol.% of coffee grounds or modified coffee grounds, followed by soil and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays) plant characterisation. Although germination tests did not demonstrate phytotoxicity of the soil mixtures, the addition of any modified coffee grounds led to a decrease in plant biomass. Differences between lettuce and corn were observed during growth. After harvesting, a decreased chlorophyll content or mineral substances was found in the cultivated plants. Prepared soil mixtures affected soil pH, with the greatest pH decrease measured after the addition of oxidized coffee grounds. Elemental analysis of the soils before cultivation showed an increase in the content of some essential mineral elements for plants (K, Ca, Na, Mg), but at the same time, there was a decrease in the concentration of one of the most important elements, phosphorus (P).
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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Quantification of food waste in municipal waste and the possibility of processing this waste
Orságová, Marie ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical study of anaerobic digestion is designed to predict the amount of biogas in food waste. The theoretical part characterizes the processing of biodegradable waste as well as the use of biogas and the calculation method for determining biogas production. In the experimental part, the analytical technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine minerals (K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in food waste, as well as elemental analysis for carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen determination. This thesis provides a simplified model that predicts the amount of produced biogas and could be used for further feasibility studies, such as bioreactors dimensioning. The method can be used for different starting materials and repeated for other similar applications in an effort to extend anaerobic digestion systems as a source of clean energy.
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Možnosti využití mikroorganismů pro výrobu tuku z odpadních materiálů
Novotný, Jonáš
The aim of the work was to use special strains of microorganisms to produce lipids and lipophilic substances using wastes and by-products of the food industry. Lipids are a valuable component of food and their increasing consumption has an impact on the growth of input costs of plants. Some strains of yeast and bacteria can accumu-late high concentrations of lipids in the cell. The composition of these lipids has a si-milar character to commercially used fats and oils. The work focuses on the production of both equivalents of e.g. cocoa butter or palm oil, and specific products such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are used for example to enrich foods. For the cultivation of oleaginous strains of microorganisms, waste and by-products of the food industry are used as a carbon substrate. Individual substrates, which are often subject to disposal in incinerators, are described as potential low-cost media for microbial production technology. Some of the carbon sources discussed include whey, fruit and vegetable pomace and waste cooking oil. Furthermore, the extraction of microbial lipids by chemical and physical methods is addressed. In particular, microbial lipid production appears to be the future of food industry. The technology is still in its infancy and the biggest problem is the cost of the resul-ting products, mainly related to the treatment of substrates and extraction processes. Until costs are significantly reduced, microbial lipids and their products will not be compe-titive.
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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Quantification of food waste in municipal waste and the possibility of processing this waste
Orságová, Marie ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical study of anaerobic digestion is designed to predict the amount of biogas in food waste. The theoretical part characterizes the processing of biodegradable waste as well as the use of biogas and the calculation method for determining biogas production. In the experimental part, the analytical technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine minerals (K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in food waste, as well as elemental analysis for carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen determination. This thesis provides a simplified model that predicts the amount of produced biogas and could be used for further feasibility studies, such as bioreactors dimensioning. The method can be used for different starting materials and repeated for other similar applications in an effort to extend anaerobic digestion systems as a source of clean energy.
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