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Drought stress response of European beech seedlings monitored using physiological and optical indicators.
Červenka, Ondřej ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
One of the manifestations of global climate change is an increase in extreme temperatures and drought waves, while forecasts of future development indicate deepening negative impacts. The effect of these abiotic stress factors is reflected in the physiological state of the vegetation. It is therefore necessary to find suitable stress indicators that will help detect the worsening of physiological state of vegetation in time series. Indicators can be detected not only by physiological methods, but also optical ones, for further use of vegetation monitoring by remote sensing methods. Forest beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a native tree in our context, currently widely used in forestry for planting more species-varied communities of trees that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. The aim of the thesis was to study the responses of beech to drought stress using physiological and optical indicators. Beech seedlings (planting material from the nursery) were placed in containers in the experimental greenhouse for two experimental seasons, water supply was mediated by drip irrigation. The experimental material was divided into three groups with graded irrigation (control, moderate drought and drought). The watering regime consisted of three periods of drought and recovery phases with uniform,...
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Determination of chlorophyll content in selected grass communities of Krkonoše tundra based on field spectroscopy and aerial hyperspectral data
Pinlová, Gabriela ; Červená, Lucie (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the determination of chlorophyll content from hyperspectral data in grass communities in the arctic-alpine tundra in the Krkonoše Mountains, namely Nardus stricta, Molinia caerulea, Calamagrostis villosa, and Deschampsia cespitosa. Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) was measured using two methods - spectrophotometric destructive determination in the laboratory, and the LCC assessed non-destructively by fluorescence portable chlorophyll meter CCM-300. Leaf area index (LAI) values for canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) retrieval were also acquired by destructive biomass sampling and indirectly using LAI-2200C. Relationships were established between the LCCs, LAI, CCCs, and vegetation indices (VI) calculated from respective spectra, i.e. leaf level spectra acquired with contact probe coupled with an ASD FieldSpec4 Wide-Res spectroradiometer, canopy level spectra measured by the spectroradiometer and extracted from hyperspectral images (HSI) acquired by Headwall Nano- Hyperspec® mounted on the DJI Matrice 600 Pro drone. Chlorophyll content maps were created based on the results of multiple stepwise linear regression applied to HSI. For the model, derived from the non-destructive data sampling and used for the LCC map, a RMSE of 66.55 mg/m2 was achieved. Keywords: leaf chlorophyll...
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Photosynthetic parameters as secondary selection traits during plant breeding for salt stress tolerance
Hlavatá, Věra ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
High salt concentration is important abiotic stress factor that negatively affect plant growth and development and finally also their yield. Increase of plant tolerance to this stress factor is thus one of the most important goals in breeding programmes, particularly in areas with saline environment. Various physiological traits have been suggested for the testing of plant tolerance to improved salinity. Photosynthetic parameters play undoubtedly the main role, because of their rapid response to stress conditions. Generally, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence belong to the photosynthetic parameters, that are usually recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance. All of them were also used for study of salt tolerance in crop plants. The advantages of these measurements are rapidity, non-invasive techniques and particularly, the possibility to test wide collection of genotypes during the short period. Although some of the parameters were recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance, the results are still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to briefly describe the changes of selected photosynthetic parameters of different plant species in consequence of salt stress and assess the usefulness of these parameters for reliable screening for salt tolerance.
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Application of imaging spectroscopy in monitoring of vegetation stress caused by soil pollutants in the Sokolov lignite basin
Mišurec, Jan ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Homolová, Lucie (referee)
Forests can be considered as one of the most important Earth's ecosystems not only because of oxygen production and carbon sequestration via photosynthesis, but also as a source of many natural resources (such as wood) and as a habitat of many specific plants and animals. Monitoring of forest health status is thus crucial activity for keeping all production and ecosystem functions of forests. The main aim of the thesis is development of an alternative approach for forest health status based on airborne hyperspectral data (HyMap) analysis supported by field sampling. The proposed approach tries to use similar vegetation parameters which are used in case of the current methods of forest health status assessment based on field inspections. It is believed that importance of such new methods will significantly increase in the time when the planned satellite hyperspectral missions (e.g. EnMap) will move into operational phase. The developed forest health monitoring approach is practically demonstrated on mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forests of the Sokolov lignite basin which were affected by long-term coal mining and heavy industry and therefore high variability of forest health status was assumed in this case. Two leaf level radiative transfer models were used for simulating spectral...
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Application of imaging spectroscopy in monitoring of vegetation stress caused by soil pollutants in the Sokolov lignite basin
Mišurec, Jan ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Homolová, Lucie (referee)
Forests can be considered as one of the most important Earth's ecosystems not only because of oxygen production and carbon sequestration via photosynthesis, but also as a source of many natural resources (such as wood) and as a habitat of many specific plants and animals. Monitoring of forest health status is thus crucial activity for keeping all production and ecosystem functions of forests. The main aim of the thesis is development of an alternative approach for forest health status based on airborne hyperspectral data (HyMap) analysis supported by field sampling. The proposed approach tries to use similar vegetation parameters which are used in case of the current methods of forest health status assessment based on field inspections. It is believed that importance of such new methods will significantly increase in the time when the planned satellite hyperspectral missions (e.g. EnMap) will move into operational phase. The developed forest health monitoring approach is practically demonstrated on mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forests of the Sokolov lignite basin which were affected by long-term coal mining and heavy industry and therefore high variability of forest health status was assumed in this case. Two leaf level radiative transfer models were used for simulating spectral...
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Photosynthetic parameters as secondary selection traits during plant breeding for salt stress tolerance
Hlavatá, Věra ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
High salt concentration is important abiotic stress factor that negatively affect plant growth and development and finally also their yield. Increase of plant tolerance to this stress factor is thus one of the most important goals in breeding programmes, particularly in areas with saline environment. Various physiological traits have been suggested for the testing of plant tolerance to improved salinity. Photosynthetic parameters play undoubtedly the main role, because of their rapid response to stress conditions. Generally, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence belong to the photosynthetic parameters, that are usually recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance. All of them were also used for study of salt tolerance in crop plants. The advantages of these measurements are rapidity, non-invasive techniques and particularly, the possibility to test wide collection of genotypes during the short period. Although some of the parameters were recommended for the evaluation of stress tolerance, the results are still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to briefly describe the changes of selected photosynthetic parameters of different plant species in consequence of salt stress and assess the usefulness of these parameters for reliable screening for salt tolerance.
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Abiotické stresy v podmínkách in vitro u podnoží révy vinné
Dvořáková, Vladimíra
The bachelor thesis deals with the effects of abiotic stress on grapevine rootstocks - the impact of water deficit and increased content of lime in the soil . The first part described the history of rootstocks and their tolerance to different stress factors . The following section describes selected abiotic stresses and their effects on plants and a chapter on the cultivation of plants in vitro. Experimental part consists of experiments in vitro with less tolerants rootstock to drought ' Kober 125 AA' and ' less tolerant rootstock to the higher content of lime'Börner '. Sufficient plant in vitro cultures were obtained only with rootstock Kober 125 AA, which was used for the experiment simulating stress. In the course of the experiment were measured plant responses to stress - concentration of ethylene, ethane , CO2, in the culture vessel during the observation of plants, at the end of the experiment was determined by fluorescence of chlorophyll , plants axis length , weight and plant chlorophyll and carotenoids.
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