|
|
Roma women's attitudes towards reproductive health
KREJČOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor's thesis deals with the attitudes of Roma women towards reproductive health. The goal was to find out what kind of the knowledge Roma women have about reproductive health. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the characteristics of the Roma ethnicity are described, where attention is paid to Roma history, family, traditions and customs and nursing care for Roma in individual subsections. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with reproductive health. The menstrual cycle including menstrual aids, intercourse, promiscuity, contraception and its types were described in individual subsections. Furthermore, the subsections discuss pregnancy and getting pregnent subject, infertility, abortion and prevention in the field of reproductive health. The research part of the bachelor's thesis was carried out using semi-structured interviews, so it was processed using a qualitative method. Roma women of different ages were involved in data collection. The research survey took place from February to April 2024 and individual Roma women were identified as Ž1-Ž8. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the consent of the informants in a prearranged, quiet and pleasant place for the women. The obtained data, which was recorded on a voice recorder, was evaluated manually, using the "pencil-paper" method. Subsequently, categories and subcategories were created based on the obtained data. The first main category was Health and its prevention, which contained subcategories called Health and Reproductive Health, Doctor's Visits and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The second main category was Safe Reproductive Life. This main category contained the subcategories Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Contraception and Infertility. From the research investigation of the bachelor's thesis, it was found that informants Ž2, Ž4, Ž6, Ž7 and Ž8 visit the doctor only when they are diagnosed with an illness or health complication. Furthermore, it was found that women Ž2, Ž5, Ž7 and Ž8 perceive reproductive health as something, they can get pregnant and have a child. Their overall knowledge of reproductive health is basic.
|
|
|
Midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women
ŽIROVNICKÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis explores the topic of the midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the postpartum period, the production of breast milk, the physiology of lactation, including the composition of breast milk and the benefits that breastfeeding brings to the woman and the baby. Furthermore, the complications associated with breastfeeding, their management and the role of the midwife in lactation counselling are described. The bachelor thesis also discusses lactation counselling in antenatal preparation and the education of lactation counsellors. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes breastfeeding technique, breastfeeding positions and the most commonly used breastfeeding aids. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, the aim was to find out whether women who have a problem with breastfeeding seek care from a midwife involved in lactation counselling. The second aim was to find out how midwives provide lactation counselling to women. The qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 through telephone calls, video interviews or face-to-face meetings. The research sets were two. The first research set consisted of midwives involved in lactation counseling and the second research set consisted of women who were breastfeeding. The interviews with the informants were conducted on the basis of their consent and were completely anonymous. The collected data were transcribed and then analyzed using text coloring. The main categories and subcategories were established for data analysis and are described in the practical part of the bachelor thesis. For midwives, two main categories (Lactation Counsellor Profession, Lactation Counselling) were established based on the responses obtained, which include six sub-categories: (Lactation Counselling Education, Service Promotion, Most Frequently Addressed Breastfeeding Problems, Form of care provided, Access to Lactation Counselling and Resolution of Emergency Problems). For women, there are three main categories (Breastfeeding information, Starting breastfeeding and Breastfeeding complications). These categories are divided into eight subcategories (Women's information about breastfeeding before delivery, Interest in breastfeeding, First attachment, Education at the postpartum department, Lactation support, Lactation problems, Use of lactation consultant care, and Breastfeeding termination). The first research question looked at the most common issues that lead women to seek care from a midwife for lactation counselling. According to the responses, the most common reasons were feeding the baby with artificial milk and breast problems such as soreness, raga and difficulty attaching the baby to the breast. Informants also reported that women contact lactation counsellors because they need reassurance and a check on breastfeeding technique. The second research question explored how midwives provide lactation counselling. All informants visit women in their home environment to help them with breastfeeding, check correct breastfeeding technique and help women with any complications. Most of the informants noted that they also discuss breastfeeding issues with women in the antenatal or breastfeeding course, where they try to prepare women for breastfeeding.
|
|
|
Contraception from the perspective of women
VOKURKOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of contraceptive methods and women's awareness of this topic. It is divided into two parts, the theoretical part, and the practical part. The theoretical part deals with the selected contraceptive methods (e.g. coitus interruptus, male condom, female condom, vaginal pessary, spermicides, combined oral contraceptive, a pill after unprotected intercourse, sterilization...), the reliability of contraception, the family planning, and the role of the midwife in the education about the contraceptive methods. For the practical part there was chosen one goal, specifically - to find out whether women were informed about the contraception issues and where they got the information from. The research was based on a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was self-constructed and consisted of 26 questions that were closed, semi-closed and one open question. It was distributed online on the Instagram social network. For the evaluation of the hypothesis there were used a two-sample (paired) Z test and a test for proportion. The research group consisted of 573 female respondents. These respondents were divided into a total of four age categories. Women aged 18-25 (52,2 %) were the most represented age category. On the contrary, women aged 46-50 (3,4 %) had the smallest representation. The following hypotheses are related to the above-mentioned goal: H1: Younger women have more information about the contraception than older women. H2: Women have more information about the contraception from the Internet sources than from the midwives. The research showed that younger women were more informed about the contraceptive methods than older women. To verify this hypothesis, the original four age categories were merged into two categories, specifically - younger women = 18-35 years old, older women = 36-50 years old. Furthermore, the research showed that a greater number of women obtained information about the contraceptive methods from the Internet sources than from the midwives. Women chose the Internet as a source of information a total of 379 times, while midwives were mentioned as a source of information only 7 times. 7 The research thus proved that women were informed about of the contraceptive methods. However, it is essential for the midwives to make full use of all competencies they have in their profession. Both hypotheses were confirmed through the research investigation.
|
|
|
Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period from the men´s point of view.
POCHOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of men's perspectives on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part characterizes the period of pregnancy, describing the changes in a woman's body that occur during this time, as well as the diagnosis of pregnancy. It lists and characterizes the examinations carried out in prenatal counseling. It discusses the care of a midwife and the role of men during pregnancy. The work then focuses on the various stages of childbirth and the care of a midwife for the laboring woman and accompanying man during childbirth. It also describes the postpartum period and what happens to women during this time. Lastly, the concept of bonding is mentioned and clarified. For the practical part of the thesis, a qualitative research study was chosen. The aim was to find out how men perceive the period of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum in their partners. Based on this aim, three research questions were established. The first question focuses on how men perceive the period of pregnancy in their partner. The second question explores how men perceive the period of childbirth in their partner. The final question addresses how men perceive the postpartum period in their partner. For data collection in the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, a semi-structured interview was used. The research sample consisted of 10 men who have experience with their partner's pregnancy and attended the birth. These men were informed about maintaining anonymity. For this reason, they are referred to as M1 to M10. The men verbally expressed their agreement to participate in the interview and data processing. They did not agree to have an audio recording made during the interview. Therefore, the data obtained was literally transcribed into a computer and subsequently analyzed using the method of coding and text coloring. Four basic and pre-prepared questions were asked to the men. Additional questions were asked if needed for clarification of information. The interviews took place in the informants' homes or in a café. After processing and evaluating the obtained data, a total of 3 categories and 17 subcategories were created. The subcategories provide detailed descriptions of the results and information obtained from the research survey. From the research, it was found that men felt good during their partner's pregnancy. The most common changes they noticed in their partners during this time were mood swings, fatigue, increased food consumption, as well as nausea or weight gain. Men did not come into contact with a midwife during their partner's pregnancy, as they did not accompany their partner to prenatal appointments or attend childbirth classes together. Therefore, they primarily obtained information about pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period from the internet. Surprisingly, not every man evaluated the approach and care provided by midwives to the mother and himself positively during childbirth. Additionally, men perceived the postpartum period as unproblematic. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used to improve the awareness of men, for example in antenatal classes.
|
|
|
Birth injuries and their impact on women
KROTKÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of birth injuries and their impact on women. The thesis includes a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the types of birth injuries, the reasons for their occurrence and preventive methods. Attention is also given to the diagnosis and treatment of birth injuries and the care of a midwife for birth injuries during the six-week postpartum period. At the end of the theoretical part are summarized the most common impacts on women related to birth injuries. For the practical part of the bachelor thesis were established three objectives and four hypotheses. The first objective was to determine the most common problems women face in relation to third and fourth degree perineal tears. For this objective were determined two hypotheses. H1: Women with third and fourth degreee perineal tears have problems in their sex life. H2: More than 75% of women with third and fourth degree perineal tears experience unwanted gas leakage. The second objective of the bachelor thesis was to map out the role of a midwife in caring for birth injuries. One hypothesis was established for this objective: H3: The role of a midwife in caring for birth injuries involves educating women in this area. The purpose of the third objective was to determine women's awareness in caring for their birth injuries. For this objective was chosen one hypothesis: H4: Women obtain information regarding the care of birth injuries more from midwives than from doctor. The goals were achieved through quantitative research using online questionnaires. The questionnaire contained 18 questions: six closed questions, eleven semi-closed questions where multiple answers could be selected, including an "other" option, and one open-ended question. Statistical processing of all questionnaires was done in Microsoft Excel. The research sample consisted of 620 women who gave birth between March 2019 and January 2024, and who had third and fourth degree perineal tears or an episiotomy during childbirth. Out of the total of 620 respondents, birth injuries had an impact on 446 respondents, while 174 respondents did not experience any problems related to birth injuries. The research revealed that birth injuries (episiotomy and third and fourth degree perineal tears) had an impact on more than 70% of respondents. It was also found that almost 35% of respondents were not educated on the care of birth injuries during hospitalization. Out of the four hypotheses, hypotheses H1, H3 and H4 were confirmed, while hypothesis H2 was not confirmed.
|
|
|
Home birth from a women's point of view
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor's thesis deals with the view of women on births in the home environment and their own experiences with home births. The theoretical part characterizes the issue of home births by their advantages, disadvantages, complications, and most importantly, the role of the midwife during birth and in the period after birth in the home environment. Additionally, the thesis explains the legislative framework for home births in the legislative Czech Republic. The practical part of the bachelor thesis defines two goals. The first one was to find out what are the most common reasons for women's choice to give birth at home and the second goal was to find out how women prepared for this birth. The research investigation was carried out by qualitative research method. Moreover, the practical part of the bachelor's thesis uses qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with women who had at least one planned birth at home. The participants were obtained using the snowball sampling method. The interviews with the informants took place during February and March 2024. The interviews were recorded on a dictaphone, transcribed, and then analysed using the pencil and paper method. In total, 3 main categories and 15 subcategories were created. The research shows that several reasons influenced the decision of the informants to give birth at home. Those were mainly personal negative experiences of the informants with medical personnel, incorrect approach, and communication. Others mistrusted doctors or medical professionals. The informants also mentioned the importance of preserving the naturalness of childbirth without unnecessary interventions and respecting their wishes. It is also evident from the research that women did not prepare for childbirth any more than for childbirth in a maternity hospital. A large part of the informants prepared mainly by self-study about childbirth, and they searched for information on natural birth in professional literature and on the Internet. For almost all informants, it was essential to secure a community midwife. The informants also stated that during pregnancy, they visited their midwife for regular check-ups and consulted with her about their childbirth visions. The bachelor's thesis could be a practical resource for both the lay and the professional public, and the results could be presented at conferences for midwives.
|
|
|
Maternity hospital
Kolář, Vojtěch ; Stehlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
A new concept of maternity hospital creates a place, where future mother is not stressed and where she feels free. A place, where birth is perceived as a common part of everyday life. It searches a compromise between birth at classical hospital environment on one side and birth at home on the other. Both aforementioned possibilities bring certain risks that are intended to be minimized using this concept. The idea is based on practice from birth facilities from Germany and creates new concept of so called „birth houses“ that is consistent with law in the Czech Republic. Design of maternity hospital should not be based solely on meeting technical requirements of a bulding, but first of all comfort of mothers should be taken into account to make them feel home.
|
|
|
Midwife Care for Woman with Endometriosis
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of midwife care for a woman with endometriosis. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is mainly focused on the endometriosis disease. The theoretical part describes the definition of endometriosis, its causes, diagnosis, manifestations, treatment options and midwife care. For the practical part, two objectives were chosen. The first aim was to find out how women with endometriosis perceive midwife care. The second aim of the thesis was in turn to find out how midwives perceive the whole issue of this disease. The bachelor thesis had three research questions. The first research question focused on how women with endometriosis perceive midwives' care. The second research question explored how the lifestyle of women with the condition has changed. The third research question looked at how midwives perceived the issue of endometriosis. The aforementioned objectives were achieved through a qualitative research investigation in the form of semi-structured anonymous interviews. Data collection for the research inquiry took place from January to March 2023. In the practical part, two research sets were chosen. The first research set consisted of six midwives who encountered women who had been diagnosed with endometriosis during their practice. To preserve their anonymity, the midwives were referred to as PA1 to PA6. The second research group consisted of eight women with endometriosis who were referred to as Ž1 to Ž8 in the thesis. The data collected was transcribed and then further analyzed using text coloring. Main categories and sub-categories were established for data analysis, these are further described in the research section of the thesis. The first research set consists of two main categories and four subcategories. Two main categories and six subcategories were obtained from the informants' statements of the second research set.
|
|
|
Urinary Incontinence After Delivery
JANDOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of urinary incontinence in women after childbirth. The thesis is composed of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract and micturition. Furthermore, attention is paid to urinary incontinence, its classification, risk factors, diagnosis, and incontinence aids. Finally, the treatment of urinary incontinence is briefly summarized. One goal was set for the practical part of the bachelor thesis. To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence in women who have had their last childbirth 2-15 years ago. Five hypotheses were formulated for this goal. H1: Women who suffered from obesity during childbirth (body mass index equal to or greater than 30.0) do not suffer from urinary incontinence after childbirth more often than women who did not suffer from obesity during childbirth. H2: Women who gave birth to a child with a birth weight over 3,500 g suffer from urinary incontinence more often than women who gave birth to a child with a birth weight under 3,500 g. H3: Women after vacuum extraction or forceps delivery do not suffer from urinary incontinence more often than women who did not give birth using these methods. H4: Women who had birth injuries do not suffer from urinary incontinence more often than women who did not have any injuries during childbirth. H5: Women who gave birth more than 8 years ago were less educated about urinary incontinence by the midwife than women who gave birth less than eight years ago. The goal was achieved through a quantitative research survey using their own online questionnaires. The questionnaire contained 21 questions. Sixteen questions were closed, three semi-closed questions where it was possible to mark more answers including "other:" and two open questions. Statistical processing of all questionnaires took place in Microsoft Excel. The research sample consisted of 393 women who gave birth to their last child more than two years ago and no more than fifteen years ago. Of the total of 393 respondents, 217 women reported experiencing urinary leakage and 176 women reported no urinary leakage. The research survey showed that more than half of the respondents, i.e. women 2-15 years after childbirth, experience urinary leakage. It was also found that women are very poorly educated about this issue by the midwife. Of the total of five hypotheses, only hypotheses H1, H3, and H4 were confirmed. Hypotheses H2 and H5 were not confirmed. No dependence was demonstrated for any of the hypotheses. It was found that the level of information was the same for women who gave birth less than eight years ago and for women who gave birth more than eight years ago, and it was very low.
|
|
|
Birth Positions, Formerly and Today
ROBAUSCHOVÁ, Magdaléna Anna
This bachelor thesis focuses on comparing the used birthing positions in the past and present. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the evolution of obstetrics and the development of birthing positions used from prehistoric times to the present day. The physiological process of childbirth is briefly described, including the stages of labor. The thesis also includes a description of the role of a midwife during childbirth. Some alternative methods in obstetrics are also mentioned. The thesis also provides a more detailed description of the individual positions that can be used during childbirth. Two main goals were defined for the practical part. The first goal was to find out which positions women are interested in during childbirth today. The second goal was to compare the difference in the choice of positions during childbirth today compared to positions used in the past. A quantitative research survey was used to achieve the set goals through a self-constructed questionnaire, which was distributed in paper form. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 21 questions, of which 15 were closed, 2 were open, and 4 were semi-closed. Data processing, along with graphical and tabular evaluation, was subsequently performed using Microsoft Excel. The research sample was one and consisted of women who had given birth at least once in their life, but not by caesarean section. The respondents were then divided into three categories to compare their answers in a defined time frame. The first category consisted of women who gave birth between 2018 and 2023. This group was represented by 62 women out of a total of 176 respondents. The second group included women who gave birth between 1994 and 2017, which included 49 women. The last category consisted of women who gave birth at least 30 years ago, in 1993 or earlier. This category included 65 women. Based on the defined goals, three hypotheses were then established. Only two groups of women were compared in the evaluation due to the wording of the hypotheses. The first group consisted of women who gave birth between 2023 and 2018, and the second group included women who gave birth in 1993 or earlier. H1: Women today have the opportunity to choose their own birthing positions compared to women who gave birth thirty years ago. H2: Women who gave birth thirty years ago did not have information about birthing positions in the first stage of labor compared to women giving birth today. H3: Women giving birth nowadays are more interested in using various positions during the second stage of labor than women who gave birth thirty years ago. Based on the results of the research survey, hypotheses H1 and H3 were confirmed, and hypothesis H2 was rejected.
|
guest ::
