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Self-reflection of cultural competences among nurses working in home care
CHVALOVÁ, Miroslava
Cultural competence is a set of cultural knowledge that enables non-medical health professionals to achieve appropriate outcomes when caring for and working with clients/patients from a different country. The main aim of our study was to find out what cultural competencies nurses have in home care. The empirical part used a quantitative research method in home care settings. Respondents answered a questionnaire consisting of 88 questions and two parts namely standardized and non-standardized part. We surveyed the nurses' awareness of the culture of patients/clients, their level of cultural competence, focusing on cultural skills, cultural knowledge and cultural sensitivity and lastly, we surveyed the nurses' self-assessment of cultural competence. 108 respondents took part in the research and the results of the survey indicate that the characteristics mentioned in the hypotheses, age and educational attainment, are not related to the level of cultural competence of non-medical health workers. It also shows that the majority of nurses do not think that knowledge of a foreign language is important in practice and half of them do not even use a foreign language. However, they do not have negative attitudes towards foreigners and recognize the importance of lifelong learning in order to provide culturally competent care. This work could serve as educational material for students, future non-medical health workers. The results of the thesis will be published in a journal that will be beneficial to non-medical health personnel as well as the general public and will also be presented at a conference.
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The issue of permanent urinary catheter exchange in men - outpatient care vs. home health care
CAHOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis addresses the issue of exchanging a permanent urinary catheter in men - outpatient care vs. home health care. The theoretical part of this work focuses on the catheterization process, proper nursing care of the urinary catheter, and also mentions the most common complications arising from catheter insertion. A significant portion also focuses on home care and education. The objective was to map the exchange of the permanent urinary catheter and to identify differences in the exchange process between a urological clinic and home care, and lastly, to compare patient experiences with both forms of exchange. A qualitative research method was used, employing semi-structured interviews. Four nurses from home care and four from a urological clinic were interviewed, as well as four patients from home care and four from the urological clinic. Three objectives were set, each associated with one research question. The research questions investigated specifics in catheter exchange and nursing care for the urinary catheter both in the urological clinic and in home care. The last research question examined the roles of nurses in this procedure. The research results show a difference in the thoroughness of nurses. Nurses from the urological clinic do not adhere to the proper guidelines during catheterization of the bladder. Patient education occurs in both the urological clinic and home care, but nurses from home care educate patients better and more frequently than nurses from urology. Education should focus more on catheter movement to prevent complications. Patients are satisfied with both forms of exchange, but it is clear that home care is not only more advantageous for the patients but also easier for hospitals. The output of the work is a basis for improving deficiencies in performance, but can also serve as motivation for expanding collaboration between hospitals and home care.
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Social work with people with Alzheimer's disease
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Jitka
The thesis concerns mapping and analysing the home-based health care for people affected by Alzheimer's disease and focuses especially on coping with the role of a caregiver. Alzheimer's disease is a serious social and medical topical issue as the number of people suffering from this disease is constantly increasing and our society is yet unable to clearly identify its cause. The thesis is dived into two parts. The theoretical part describes the disease itself, the care about people with Alzheimer's disease, and social work with people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and their families. For the practical part I chose to carry out a research survey conducted through interviews with home carers.
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Application of the principle of autonomy in the field of death and dying of seniors in the Czech Republic
D´mello, Petra ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Diploma thesis "Application of the principle of autonomy in the field of death and dying of seniors in the Czech Republic" primaly deals with issues related to the right to self-determination, human dignity and desires associated with the end of life. It seeks to answer the question of the extent to which the autonomy of the individual can be respected and to participate in end-of-life healthcare decisions through the legal concept of living will, even if the person is in a position that does not allow to express the will. Although this institute is firmly rooted in the legal order of the Czech Republic, awareness of this legal concept is insufficient among the public and rarely used, unlike the Federal Republic of Germany, where the institute is usually applied by seniors. The aim of the work is to reflect the current issues of dying and death from an ethical point of view and provide comprehensive information on the current possibilities of exercising the right to self-determination, which can significantly support the quality of human care in the terminal phase of life.
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Business Plan for Starting a Home Care Agency
Buďová, Radka ; Rašticová, Martina (referee) ; Chlebovský, Vít (advisor)
This thesis deals with essential steps that are necessary to start-up home care agency. The goal is to determine whether it is nowadays a lucrative business to provide health and social care in this way. In terms of specificity of health care, the thesis includes both a detailed analysis of current state of the health care market and the theoretical knowledge of legislative and legal regulations associated with the establishment of home care agency.
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Dysthanasia
Johnová, Eliška ; Gallus, Petr (advisor) ; Janečková, Hana (referee)
The BA thesis titled "Dysthanasia: Home care as one of the prevention methods of dysthanasia" deals with the issue of prolonged death and proposes solutions to prevent it. The theoretical part introduces to readers the basic concepts related to the finiteness of life. It discusses death from both medical and theological perspectives, and further describes in detail the concept of dysthanasia as one of the ways of dealing with death. The thesis defines the problems associated with dysthanasia and proposes palliative care as the best approach to prevent this issue. It also mentions organizational forms of specialized palliative care to follow up on the chapter describing home care for the dying, which is not only the best solution in preventing a negative approach to death and dying, but also meets the wishes of the majority of the population who wish to die in a familiar environment close to their family or friends. The last chapter mentions supportive services that help caregivers in caring for the dying. The practical part focuses on the closer examination of home care for the dying and its function in practice. This section is based on qualitative research and information obtained through semi-structured interviews. Keywords Finitude of life, death, dying, dysthanasia, palliative care, home care,...
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Low microbial diet after bone marrow transplantation
PALOUDOVÁ, Karolína
Bone marrow transplantation is a complex intervention in the human organism that requires a few pre- and post-operative regimen measures. Regime measures also include a low-microbial diet, which is indicated for a period of 3-6 months. This is a strict dietary measure, about which the patient should be informed by a nutritional therapist or attending doctor. Adherence to a low-microbial diet includes strict hygienic and technological requirements for food preparation, but also a very limited food selection. The theoretical part discusses the bone marrow transplantation, types of transplantation, the course of treatment and possible complications. Following on from the most common complications, another section is devoted to food-borne infections and other gastrointestinal problems. The final section focuses purely on the low microbial diet. Individual nutrients, procedures for the technological preparation of dishes and other options for nutritional care are detailed here. The practical part, which is carried out in the form of qualitative research, is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to case reports, where the basic information and eating habits of the patients, obtained based on an interview, are mentioned. In the second part, the respondents' answers and their weekly meal records are evaluated. The research shows that all seven respondents followed a low-microbial diet for at least 100 days after the transplant. The analysis of the menus shows that most of them do not meet their daily energy needs. A big problem is the monotony of the menu, which can be caused by a diet, a limited choice of food, the disease itself, or lack of appetite. The work can raise awareness of this diet and, based on the booklet created, help people who have been indicated for a low-microbial diet.
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Caring for a child with a cochlear implant in the home environment.
LOVĚTÍNSKÁ, Michala
Cochlear implants have been used in the Czech Republic since 1993. The cochlear implant gives deaf individuals the opportunity to receive auditory sensations. Cochlear implantation is a procedure where the implant is inserted under the skin and connected to a series of electrodes that are inserted into the cochlea. This procedure is performed by a surgeon which is specializes in ear, nose and throat. After long - term rehabilitation, the individual is able to understand spoken language and can even make phone calls without reading. With a cochlear implant, most users canintegrate into main stream society, among the normal hearing population. Children go to mainstream school, play sports, and communicate with others, all with out the use of sign language. Cochlear implants are currently operated in the Czech Republic at the Motol Hospital in Prague, the St. Anne's Hospital in Brno and the Ostrava Hospital. The first aim was to find out and describe how the child experiences the cochlear implant fitting, the second aim was to find out what problems parents perceive after fitting the cochlear implant in a child, and the third aim was to find out what barriers parents perceive in caring for a child with cochlear implant. The research investigation was carried out by qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of ten adult informants, specifically parents, and five child informants. Parents and children come from different regions of the Czech Republic. The interviews took place from February to March 2023. Subsequently, all responses from the interviews with parents of children with cochlear implants users were listed. The results of the responses are divided into categories and their subcategories. The analysis of the results shows that the perception of the cochlear implant is different in children. The research found a fourth group of children who react to the first programming by crying. It was found that the child's experience of CI programming can be influenced by parents. As such, barriers to caring for a child with a cochlear implant have not been identified. Rather, parents perceived shortcomings of the cochlear implant, such as the speech processor slipping off the child's head, difficulty in obtaining a helmet, and perceived sweat as a deficiency with CI. The results show that children's perception of cochlear implant fitting is very individual, depending on many factors. Parents can influence the child's perception by training individual sounds in the home environment. Problems following cochlear implant programming in a child should be minimal, with a chech-up by a clinical engineer. The difficulties perceived by parents in caring for a child with a cochlear implant do not come out as prominently as CI deficiencies. It is very important to treat the child individually. Each child has different characteristics and abilities. From the results of the research investigation, we want to provide comprehensive information for parents of children who experience hearing loss or deafness in their child, and their possible solution is a cochlear implant. The results of the bachelor thesis were presented before an expert jury at the student competition of the ZSF JČU in České Budějovice. Furthermore, the results will be published in a professional journal for nurses.
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The possibilities of home care from the perspective of nurses and the general public
PEŇÁSOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is focused on the awareness of nurses and the general public about the services of home health care agencies. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the issue of home care and the characteristics of the role of nurses in home care. The results obtained in the research investigation are processed and evaluated in the practical part. Four objectives have been chosen for the bachelor thesis which focus on the awareness of nurses and the general public about the possibilities of home care. The research part was divided into four groups. First two groups were focused on nurses, where nurses from inpatient sectors were in the first group of respondents and nurses from outpatient sectors were in the second group. The other two groups were aimed at the general public, with the third group of respondents being the general public and the fourth group being clients currently treated by a home care agency. To meet the objectives, a semi-structured interview was chosen which included eighteen questions for nurses and twelve questions for patients. It is evident from the results focused on the group of nurses, that only nurses who are directly involved in the process, have detailed information about home care options. Furthermore, in the inpatient wards, nurses perceives lack of time and unresolved contractual relations with insurance companies as major barriers in the process of referring clients to home care agencies. From the results aimed at a group of the general public who have never personally encountered the service, awareness is very marginal. In contrast, clients treated by a home care agency have a greater awareness. Submitted thesis provides a better understanding of home care, identifies gaps in awareness among nurses and the general public, highlights the problems encountered during the collaboration between the home care agency and the referring facility.
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