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Nurse's task in prevention of respiratory infections
LIŠKOVÁ, Petra
In this bachelor's thesis the role of nurses in the prevention of respiratory infections in patients in the infectious and pulmonary department was investigated. Inadequate prevention of respiratory infections can lead to deterioration of patients' health and prolongation of their hospitalization. It is therefore essential that nurses understand and effectively apply preventive measures. The main goal of this work was to determine the role of the nurse in the prevention of respiratory infections. We focused on types of infections, protective procedures, barrier techniques, errors in compliance with prevention principles and the specifics of care for patients with respiratory infections. The results of the research allowed us to gain a complex view of the issue of respiratory infection prevention in nursing practice. Data were obtained using qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews with nurses, supplemented by observations. Interviews and observations took place in the pulmonary and infectious disease departments, with 4 nurses from each department included. The data was processed by the coding method, which led to the creation of four categories and their subcategories. Research has shown that the nurse's role in the prevention of respiratory infections is essential and multifunctional. Nurses play a key role in the use of protective equipment such as gloves and masks, as well as protective glasses and shields when in close contact with patients. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of disposable gowns has increased in importance. In addition, nurses provide education to patients and their families, ensuring they are informed about proper care practices, monitoring symptoms, and taking prescribed medications. Nurses also play an important role in consistent hand hygiene, which is essential to prevent infection spreading. Research revealed that only 4 out of 8 nurses disinfected their hands correctly, suggesting a need for further training.
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The nurse's role in prevention of urinary tract infections
LIPAVSKÁ, Ivana
Abstract This bachelor thesis addresses the role of a nurse in preventing urinary tract infections in both healthy individuals and those at risk of developing urinary tract infections in everyday life as well as during hospitalization in a healthcare facility. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The aim of this thesis was to explore the role of nurses in UTI prevention. The practical part was conducted using a qualitative research method, in the form of semi-structured interviews and observation of selected procedures. The research sample consisted of nurses working in surgical departments, specifically in urology and surgery units. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 13 interviews and 4 observations. The research was conducted in April 2024. The contribution to nursing practice lies in summarizing the facts and collected data, which could serve as inspiration for nurses in their everyday practice. Furthermore, the thesis could serve as study material for students in healthcare fields. The results of the research indicate that nurses do not underestimate prevention and actively engage in UTI prevention in their daily practice. From the results of the surveyed nurses, it is evident that they possess theoretical knowledge about UTIs, their symptoms, and likely causes. They are familiar with UTI prevention issues and adhere to its utilization in both healthy individuals and selected at-risk groups commonly found in healthcare facilities. In the realm of healthcare-associated UTIs, nurses work to prevent them. They are aware of aseptic and antiseptic procedures, hygiene care, and barrier care necessary for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Additionally, they emphasize hand hygiene and disinfection among staff and the use of protective equipment to protect themselves, staff, and patients.
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Nursing care of a woman after mastectomy and her social inclusion in a society
BERÁNKOVÁ, Vendula
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of breast cancer, or the treatment of this disease by surgery and the subsequent nursing care before the surgery, during the hospitalization and before the discharge from the health care facility, including the subsequent inclusion of the woman back into the society. The first part of the thesis describes the theory of breast cancer, risks, prevention and treatment. Mastectomy is specifically discussed, including the effects of this procedure on the psyche of women and the subsequent reintegration of patients back into social life. The research part defines the objectives, which are subsequently addressed in the bachelor thesis as: Specifics of nursing care for women after mastectomy, Adequate awareness of women in this treatment, social life after breast removal, psychological support and well-being of women after mastectomy. The data were obtained by means of qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews with women attending the mammary team of the South Bohemian Region. The information was processed using a coding method that resulted in 4 categories with their additional subcategories. From the results, it was found that most women were satisfied with the nursing care and awareness during hospitalization. This was mainly about the ability to communicate and to give sufficient information before the procedure before discharge and about various health options or limitations. Here, women agreed in most cases on the quality of communication and the submission of a sufficient amount of information. Furthermore, in the results, the women also reported a very negative impact of the disease on both psychological health and overall life satisfaction after mastectomy. Despite the fact that some women were able to deal with the disease better than others, for all of them the disease was a heavy burden both psychologically and physically. These results can be beneficial for both healthcare staff and the general public to help raise awareness of the issue.
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Prevention of selected healthcare associated infections in intensive care
VITÁMVÁS, Tereza
The diploma thesis is about the issue of prevention of selected infections associated with healthcare in intensive care. Within the framework of theory, three large chapters were introduced and explained in more detail. The first chapter deal with intensive care, history of intensive care in our country and in the world. The distribution of intensive care and the education and competences of specialist nurses in intensive care. Another large chapter was focused on securing patients in intensive care. We focused on securing the patients airways, bloodstream and urinary tract. The last major chapter deal with healthcare-associated infections. As this was a very broad and complex topic, we only focused on a few selected healthcare-associated infections. Specially, these were ventilator-associated pneumonias, bloodstream infections and urinary infections. In the empirical part of this dipmola thesis was qualitative data processed using diagrams, in the case of quantitative data it was graphs. To collect data, non-standadized questionnaire was used, which was distributed among the respondents online, and then observational survey conducted in the intensive care units of the regional hospital was used. The aim of the work was to map current situation in compliance with recommended procedures in the care of invasive inputs in intensive care units. Furthemore, to map the current situation in the oservance of procuders in the care of the respiratory tract with regard to the occurence of infections associated with healthcare. And the last goal was to map the knowledge of nursing staff working in intensive care units in the fiels of prevention of helathcare associated infections. The output of the work is proposal to solve and identifield shortcomings in practice.
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Active involvement of patients in the prevention of healthcare associated infections.
BLÁHOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the active involvement of patients in the prevention of healthcare associated infections. Prevention of healthcare associated infections is crucial for safe healthcare delivery. However, preventive measures are difficult due to many factors. Actively engaging patients in infection prevention leads to a reduced risk of complications of treatment secondary to healthcare-associated infection. Active involvement will also improve the integration of patients into the course of care. Thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part, deals with healthcare-associated infections, their causative agents, determinants of their occurrence and the different manifestations that healthcare-associated infections may present. It also deals with the issue of active involvement of patients in the prevention of healthcare associated infections. It discusses how information can be conveyed to patients, how patients can be educated and how patients can be encouraged to actively follow preventive measures. The second part deals with the research, which is conducted using a quantitative method with a self-constructed questionnaire technique. The research is conducted in a selected South Bohemian hospital. The research population consists of patients treated in a standard inpatient ward and in a specialist outpatient clinic. The aim of the study is to determine the patients' awareness of healthcare associated infections, selected aspects of prevention and also to determine the level of active involvement of the patient in the prevention of healthcare associated infections. The results will serve as a basis for health care providers for possible optimization of the care provided.
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Physical position of staff during nursing procedures in the internal department
STEJSKALOVÁ, Alice
Maintaining a safe body posture during nursing procedures is a very important factor in the prevention of the musculoskeletal system disorders and incapacity of the healthcare staff. As this topic is unfortunately often neglected, we decided to address this issue in our work. The nurse in her practice must master the large number of nursing procedures in order to provide high-quality nursing care. Due to the large set of these procedures, we focus our work on only six activities that nurses routinely perform in the internal department. Among these nursing procedures, we included the administration of food and fluids, wound dressings, the blood draws peripheral venous cannula insertion, the permanent urinary catheter insertion and the lower extremity bandaging. Patient positioning is very taxing on the musculoskeletal system of the nursing staff. However, it is a vast area that deserves a separate work and therefore we do not deal with it in our investigation. The aim of this study is to investigate the body posture nurses adopt when performing selected nursing procedures with regard to the prevention of the musculoskeletal injuries. Following the aim, the research question was set: "What body posture do nurses most often adopt when performing nursing procedures?" and six hypotheses. In this thesis, the quantitative research was chosen, which was carried out through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed to the three hospitals in Brno. Specifically, to the University Hospital Brno, St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno and the Military Hospital Brno. The questionnaire was intended for all general and practical nurses working in the internal department and the size of the research group was 386 respondents. The survey shows that more than a half of our respondents think they follow the safe body posture policy. However, when asked more specific questions, we found out that nurses often neglect to keep their head and back upright during nursing interventions, which can lead to many cumulative musculoskeletal injuries. We also found out that nurses' main limiting factors for maintaining the safe physical posture include nursing practices performed with an anxious and uncooperative patient, thus confirming the one of our hypotheses. Other adverse factors, according to the respondents, include also the stressful situations, lack of time and also lack of staff. Research also showed that the vast majority of nurses suffer from the back pain, which is mainly caused by the strain of their jobs. It is also evident from the respondents' answers that the large proportion of nurses work under the stress, which is considered to be another risk factor for the musculoskeletal problems.
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Exploration of oncogenomic factors for prognostication and prevention of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers
Holý, Petr ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Bouchal, Pavel (referee) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee)
(Abstract) Cancer is now the leading cause of death in economically developer countries, with epidemiological indicators rising steadily on a global scale. This is mainly a result of socio- economic and demographic developments, particularly ageing populations or changes in lifestyle in some populations. Meanwhile, as absolute incidence and mortality rates are rising, the prevalence of cancer is also increasing, representing a heavy social and economic burden. Cancer research has received a great deal of attention from the scientific community, with molecular genetics in particular making the greatest recent progress. Thanks to modern methods of genome analysis, so-called genomics and other 'omics' disciplines, many biomarkers have been discovered, leading to better diagnosis, prognosis and more effective treatment with reduced incidence of adverse effects. However, there is still a long way to go in order to make the idea of personalised oncology, i. e., a precise therapeutic approach tailored to the individual patient, a reality. This paper examines three types of solid tumours. Firstly, breast cancer, which has the highest incidence worldwide in women, even overall. The next is colorectal cancer, which is the second and third most common cancer in women and men, respectively, and more common in...
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The difference in the perception of health care due to gender
Vojta, Filip ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
Termíny pro podávání projektů bakalářských / diplomových prací bakalářské studijní programy SOSP, SOSA, SOC_SSS a SOC_SA magisterský studijní program SOC 30. 6. Zaslání projektů na sekretariát Katedry sociologie (projekty.ks.iss@fsv.cuni.cz). 5. 9. Vyrozumění studentů o přijetí či nepřijetí projektů. 30. 9. Zaevidování projektů bakalářských a diplomových prací v SISu. Postup při zadávání a schvalování projektu bakalářské / diplomové práce 1. Vyplňte následující formulář. 2. Soubor uložte pod jménem "studijní program_kód semináře_příjmení, jméno" (SOSP_BCA_Černá, Jana; SOC_MGRB_Černý, Jan). Soubor zašlete ze své fakultní emailové adresy na sekretariát Katedry sociologie ISS FSV UK: projekty.ks.iss@fsv.cuni.cz; v kopii projekt zašlete na fakultní emailovou adresu vedoucího vaší bakalářské / diplomové práce. Projekty zaslané z jiné než fakultní adresy a / nebo bez uvedení vedoucího práce v kopii, nebudou přijaty. 3. Po schválení projektu jej ve spolupráci s vedoucím práce zadejte do SISu. V případě neschválení projektu celý proces opakujte. ................................................................................................... Projekt bakalářské / diplomové práce Jméno a příjmení studujícího: Filip Vojta Studijní program: Sociologie a sociální politika Předpokládaný název práce: Rozdíl vnímání...
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Health Risks and Incidence of Injuries in BMX racing
Bartuňková, Eliška ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Author: Eliška Bartuňková Title: Health risks and incidence of injuries in BMX racing Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the frequency and prevalence of different types of injuries in BMX racing athletes of different ages and different levels. Furthermore, to determine the causes influencing the incidence of possible injuries or accidents and to compare the differences between athletes under 18 years of age and athletes over 18 years of age. Methods: A questionnaire survey was used to collect data, containing both open and closed-ended questions regarding the prevalence, causes, frequency, severity and prevention of injuries in BMX racing. The survey was sent in electronic form to Czech and international BMX athletes and was completed by 222 respondents. Results: The research showed that 94 % of respondents had been injured while riding BMX, confirming the claim that BMX is a high-risk sport. There was no evidence that the sport was more dangerous in competition or training, almost half (48 %) of the injuries were recorded in training and 53 % in competition. In addition, a total of 634 injuries were recorded, an average of 2.8 injuries per athlete. Minor injuries in the form of abrasions were the most common type of injury, while concussion was the predominant type of serious...
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