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Možnosti využití rostlinných bioindikátorů k určení zátěží životního prostředí
Kurek, Ewa
The bachelor thesis is mainly focused on environmental burden with concentration on anthropogenic impact. It also describes biomonitoring, bioindication and use of plant as bioindicators. In the first part is the environment split into 3 compounds: air, water and soil. Each compound is essential for the life on Earth to thrive, despite this fact they are being jeopardised by harmful substances on daily basis. The second part is focusing on the issue of anthropogenic impact in agriculture and forestry, biodiversity, waste management, transportation, industrials and toxic substances. Final part, of the Bachelor thesis, contains important information about bioindication and biomonitoring. It also clarifies impact of plant bioindicators in relation to the environmental monitoring. Plants mentioned include: Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), Small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).
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Actinobacteria communities in natural and anthropogenic environments
Faitová, Andrea ; Marečková, Markéta (advisor) ; Slaninová Kyselková, Martina (referee) ; Yurado Lobo, Valme (referee)
10 Abstract Actinobacteria are important bacterial group participating in various ecosystem processes particularly in the decomposition of complex organic compounds. Their abilities enable them to surviving in harsh conditions of oligotrophic habitats like lakes, deserts, cave walls or recalcitrant and resistant litter in soil, where Actinobacteria often dominate. Although certain biotic and abiotic factors were recognized to modulate Actinobacteria incidence in such habitats, the influence of anthropogenic pressure on their communities is scarcely known. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to determine differences of Actinobacteria communities under the direct (the human visitors changing microenvironment of caves, part 1) and indirect (climate change factors like altered precipitation or plant litter quality, part 2) anthropogenic influence in two habitats, plant litter in soil and cave walls, where Actinobacteria play important roles and dominate. In a first part of the thesis we monitored Actinobacteria communities in French limestone caves walls differently affected by humans (pristine versus anthropized caves). For identification of important species like potential pathogens or pigments producing Actinobacteria using amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA (Illumina MiSeq), we firstly used...
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Treeline rise as a consuquence of increasing temperature and land-use change
Kolář, Václav ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Treeline advance to greater altitude is observed in the majority of European mountains. Many authors have attributed treeline advance to increasing temperatue, others to decrasing anthropogenic influence. The aim of the thesis was to describe dynamics of treeline and influencing factors. Based on newly created database of case studies I asked, whether the treeline agnace is controlled by increasing temperature or by land-use change. My treeline database documented, that treeline advance in Europe ranged from -0,2 to 1,6 m.y-1 . Treeline was advancing most quickly in the Austrian Central Alps, conversely treeline in Ukraine Carpathians revealed retreat. Furthermore, it was found that treeline rise coincides with increasing winter temperatures. While the advance of northern treelines without human impacts is attributed to increasing temperatures and precipitation, remaining areas showed treeline advance in consequence of temperature increase and decreasing anthropogenic influence.
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