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Assessment of contamination in selected locations of Valašské Meziříčí
Dunajská, Sabina ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with soil contamination caused by heavy metals in the region of Valašské Meziříčí. The metals analysed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc. Metals were determined in 34 samples. The analyses were performed using AMA-254 and AAS methods. Contamination indices were used to assess the contaminated sites and health risks were also assessed.
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Analysis of hazardous metals in rPET granulate
Souček, Elena ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
Production of polymer products has increased rapidly in recent decades. Especially in food industry as a packaging it gained a dominant position when it replaced previously used materials. Due to the direct risk for human health it is necessary to be careful and pay attention to their composition. It is also necessary to develop methods to properly recycle and reuse already used material, not only produce new products. This thesis deals with the study of the content of risk elements in PET regranulate. The samples were completely decomposed by microwave radiation in an environment of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid. They were subsequently analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Flame atomization technique (FAAS) was used to determine Sb and Zn and electrothermal atomization (ETAAS) to determine Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Ni. This method was also used to study migration of antimony from samples to food simulant under different conditions (temperature, pH). This thesis follows up on the thesis of Mrs. Kryštofová who studied recycled PET flakes.
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Assessment of the state of the environment with regard to the content of risk elements in fish bodies
Jonášová, Simona ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of the content of potentially toxic elements in fish bodies in the Jihlava River. The biological samples were first transferred into solutions by microwave digestion. Afterwards, the potentially toxic elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in muscle, heart, liver, genital organs, gills and intestine were determined by AAS. A total of 20 fish samples were analysed. In european chub and common bream, the concentrations of elements decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Hg > Pb > Cd. In rainbow trout, common nase, common carp, european perch and common roach, element concentrations decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Hg > Cd > Pb. In northern pike the following decreasing trend was found: Zn > Cu > Hg > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb. The assessment of the condition of the watercourse was made according to the individuals that were assumed to have been present in the Jihlava River for more than 1 year. According to these fish species, the contamination of the aquatic environment with elements Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni was demonstrated. All fish samples except sample 8 (perch) were assessed as suitable for consumption.
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Study of the interaction of hazardous metal – microplastic
Sinčáková, Lenka ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Mikroplasty, široko zastúpené vo vodnom prostredí, slúžia ako vektor širokej škály kontaminantov, vrátane ťažkých kovov. Táto práca sa zaoberá adsorpciou piatich ťažkých kovov (Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu and Cd) na polyetylén tereftalát (PET), rozšírený polutant riek a morí. Pokiaľ ide o vplyv veľkosti mikroplastov na proces adsorpcie, nebol zistený jasný trend. Salinita prostredia má značný vplyv na adsorpčný proces s pozorovateľným poklesom adsorbovaných množstiev v prostredí s vysokou iónovou silou. Analyzované ťažké kovy boli zoradené vzostupne podľa ich schopnosti adsorpcie na PET nasledovne: Hg
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The study of PET bottles in terms of the content of risk elements
Kryštofová, Petra ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of PET bottles in terms of the possible content of risk elements. The contents of antimony, copper and lead were determined in the PET packaging material and in the beverages contained in the bottles. A total of 15 samples of bottled still and infant water available in the Czech sales network were analyzed. The PET material was decomposed in an acidic medium under the action of microwave radiation under optimized conditions. Atomic absorption spectrometric methods with flame or graphite cuvette atomization were used to determine selected risk elements based on the predicted analyte concentrations. In the PET packaging material, 159.35 to 265.68 mgkg-1 of antimony were determined, the determined values of lead concentration were in the range of 10.96-20.23 mg·kg-1 and the copper concentration in the range of 0.11-7,52 mg·kg-1. In bottled water and in bottled infant water, antimony was identified only in samples labeled 6a, 8a, 9a and 15a, all lead concentrations were measured below LODPb, copper was determined only in samples 2a, 6a and 8a. In none of the samples did the concentrations given by the valid legislation be exceeded. The limits of these metals are not set in legislation in the packaging materials, only specific migration limits and they have not been exceeded. However, the high concentration of antimony in PET poses a potential risk of contamination of the contents of these packages.
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The study of vertical mobility of heavy metals and their transfer to mushrooms
Jurnečka, Roman ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of contamination of forest soils and edible mushrooms with lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in the Jeseníky Mountains, specifically in the Domašov and Vápenná forests. Sampling took place at 12 localities, divided into spruce and beech stands. Atomic absorption spectrometry AAS ContrAA 800D was chosen to determine the content of selected heavy metals. Based on the measured values of the concentrations of the studied metals and other soil properties, dependences were created to determine the vertical mobility of selected metals in the soil profile. Vertical mobility depends on the physico-chemical properties of the soil (pH, C and S content). The dependence of the content of selected heavy metals in the soil on the pH value of the soil was found. In the case of lead, the sorption capacity of the soil organic component was confirmed. The risk and above-limit content of Pb, Cd and Cu was found on the yellow-boletus mushroom. Cadmium shows the highest bioavailability. Lead was evaluated as the element with the lowest mobility.
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Asset Administration Shell for PLC
Maslowski, Jakub ; Arm, Jakub (referee) ; Benešl, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor work gradually summarizes the findings regarding I4.0, as well as its basic parts (AAS, RAMI and DT). Subsequently, it focuses on the description of AAS with regard to the necessary compromises from its original idea with the aim of its successful implementation in PLC, which represents some limitations. The work includes solutions of suitable communication protocols for AAS in PLC. The practical part focuses on the implementation of AAS in PLC from Siemens S7-1200 series using OPC UA methods. SiOME and UaExpert programs are used in the creation. The thesis contains detailed instructions for replication of AAS implementation together with suggestions for possible improvements and its benefits in practise.
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Demonstrative manufacturing system controlled by MES utilizing AAS
Černocký, Petr ; Kaczmarczyk, Václav (referee) ; Arm, Jakub (advisor)
This work examines today's modern possibilities for production management. More specifically, we focus on MES and its integration within the concept of industry 4.0 using AAS. Furthermore, a search of available open-source MES systems and their description is performed. After their commissioning, their suitability for further use is discussed. There is also an analysis of tools for creating virtual models. The IMES application, which was subsequently slightly modified, and the RobotStudio virtual model creation tool are then selected from these analyzes. This application and tool are then used to implement virtual line control using a separate MES and to basic control using AAS.
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Palladium in the environment
Hajdová, Jana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This work is focused on palladium in the environment. Its use is especially in the automobile industry as catalytic converters of motor vehicles, but also is applied in dental, jewelry making and electrical appliances. The release of this metal from automobile catalysts is getting into all environmental compartments (soil, road dust, water, plants), where goes to its accumulation. It can be a part of the food chain and cause health risks to humans. The work also focuses on methods of sampling, preconcentration and methods, which can determined palladium in environmental samples (spectrophotometric methods, AAS, ICP-AES and ICP-MS).
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Rhodium in the environment
Ondreášová, Klára ; Nevrlá, Jana (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the characteristic of rhodium, its use in the automotive industry, the occurrence in environmental compartments (air, soil, vegetation, water), accumulation and transformations. In this thesis there are also described methods of sampling for determination, the types of sample preparation, separation and preconcentration techniques necessary prior to instrumental analysis. The work also focuses on the most commonly used analytical methods of rhodium determination, which are spectrophotometric methods, AAS, ICP-AES and ICP-MS.
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