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An Analysis of Pathogenetic Processes Evolving in Comatose Survivors After an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Kleissner, Martin ; Kettner, Jiří (advisor) ; Vojáček, Jan (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
In comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims, there is insufficient evidence for the timing of coronary angiography (CAG) in the absence of ST elevations on the baseline electrocardiogram, for the optimal body temperature during the temperature control pro- cedure, or for S100 protein levels and regional brain saturation values measured by near- infrared spectroscopy regarding neurological prognostication. The aim of this study was to compare the six-month survival and neurological outcome, evaluated by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale, in patients with- out ST-segment elevations indicated to immediate CAG and those initially treated conservatively, six-month CPC and acute complications according to the temperature target range of 34 - 36 řC versus 32 - 34 řC during therapeutic hypothermia, and S100 protein levels and regional brain saturation values with regard to the six-month CPC score. We analysed a prospective registry of 283 unconscious patients after an out-of- hospital cardiac arrest undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. We evaluated the neurolog- ical outcome as the numerically lowest CPC score from 72 hours to six months after hospital admission: we defined a favourable outcome as CPC 1-2, while unfavourable as CPC 3-4. We included all registry patients in the target...
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Knowledge of paramedical personnels in the areas of prevention and care of pressure ulcers
Rosová, Magdaléna ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Knowledge of non-medical nursing staff in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus" deals with the general knowledge of nurses in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus in the internal and surgical wards of Motol University Hospital. Decubitus represents a widespread and increasingly topical problem in hospitalized patients, where it is essential that non-medical nursing staff are oriented in this area and know the latest trends in prevention and treatment. The aims: The aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge of nurses in the field of treatment and prevention of decubitus working at the Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital and the 3rd Surgical Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital. The methods: To collect data for the empirical part, a quantitative survey was conducted using a non-standardized questionnaire. The target group was all nurses working in the standard ward and intensive care unit, the Internal Medicine and Surgery Clinics of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital and the 3rd Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital....
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Multicriterial Tool for Analysis and Predict Human Thermal Stress
Řehák Kopečková, Barbora ; Soukup,, Radek (referee) ; Kolářová,, Jana (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis is concerned with the development of a multi-criteria tool capable of determining, for given input conditions, the most appropriate model for predicting the thermal state of a person in a protective suit, based on developed objective decision scheme. Four heat stress indices or physiological models were selected for the development of this tool: PHS (Predicted Heat Strain), IPHS (Individual Predicted Heat Strain), Gagg's 2-node model and the FMTK model. The algorithms of PHS, IPHS and Gagge were implemented in Matlab. Subsequently, all 4 models were validated against the experimental results. Based on the results of the validations, the applicability of these models for predicting human heat stress was verified. For some models, the applicability conditions were possible to extend. The accuracy of rectal temperature prediction was the main criteria. Furthermore, based on the results of the validation studies, metrics were selected to build an objective decision system. This was used to select the most appropriate model for the given environmental conditions. In the cooperation with SÚJCHBO, the data for model validation were delivered: 140 tests were carried out for 4 protective suits (FOP, Tyhem, Tiger, OPCH) and 4 ambient temperatures (-10, 5, 25 and 35 °C). 12 test persons were involved, 6 male test persons aged 29-53 years, 170-187 cm tall and weighing 69-92 kg, and 6 female test persons aged 28-49 years, 158-176 cm tall and weighing 56-71 kg. In total, 1987 simulations have been carried out using selected models, for different initial values of rectum and skin temperature, and for different estimates of metabolic activity. A look-up table was created to find the most appropriate model for the given conditions according to the inputs to the multicriteria tool via a decision scheme, based on the evaluation of the results of the simulations against the experiments in terms of the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and the difference between the predicted and measured rectal temperature at the end of the test. Finally, the resulting multicriteria tool was created in Excel, including a graphical interface for entering values.
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Americanisms in contemporary Spanish: a comparative lexicographic analysis of entries from a selected subject area (names of animals and plants)
HOVORKOVÁ, Žaneta
The aim of this thesis is primarily to clarify the meaning of the term Americanism. For this reason, the thesis is mainly aimed at explaining it in all its meanings to avoid its misuse. In addition, the thesis deals with the phenomenon of language contact, especially in the context of the interaction between Spanish and indigenous languages. A secondary objective of the thesis is to evaluate the completeness of the three dictionaries in terms of the interpretation of selected representatives of flora and fauna. Specifically, these are the Diccionario de la lengua espa?ola (Real Academia Espa?ola, 1780-2023), the Diccionario de americanismos (Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Espa?ola, 2010) and the Španělsko-český slovník amerikanismů (Černý, 2018). In this context, the thesis includes the subject of lexicography and a description of the dictionary structure. The empirical part of the thesis consists of comparing the interpretations of twenty selected Americanisms in the field of names of animals and plants in the above-mentioned dictionaries. An output glossary is also included.
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Monitoring in neurointensive care
BAXA, Radim
Monitoring in neurointensive care is one of the important parts of caring for a patient in critical condition. Monitoring enables tracking of values and parameters continuously or intermittently over time. It evaluates the patient's current condition and draws attention to possible changes that may occur as a result of the development of a primary disability, and warns in time of the development of a secondary disability. Neuromonitoring is divided into invasive and non-invasive monitoring. The main goals of the presented work were to detect the knowledge of nurses and paramedics from the environment of the anesthesiology-resuscitation department in the field of neuromonitoring. To discover whether nurses and paramedics in the anesthesia-resuscitation department are familiar with neuromonitoring procedures. And the final goal was to find out whether the recommended procedures are followed in the framework of neuromonitoring in intensive care. The empirical part of the analysis was carried out through quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire. The research was conducted among nurses and paramedics who have experience with neuromonitoring in the anesthesia-resuscitation department. To the analysis were subjected 158 complete questionnaires. Based on the statistical analysis of the results, a connection was established between the respondents' highest level of education and the level of knowledge. A connection was also found between the respondents' length of experience and level of knowledge. On the contrary, the connection was not shown in the relationship between the age of the respondents and the level of knowledge.
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Production of the distributor by non-convential forming technology
Blažek, Matěj ; Peterková, Eva (referee) ; Jopek, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the possibility of manufacturing a distributor body used for distribution of heat-bearing medium in underfloor heating. For the part, due to the series of 100 000 pieces·year-1, the technology of high-pressure hydrofroming without active action of axial presses is chosen. The original solution with a forming pressure of 58,5 MPa did not lead to success and an optimization was necessary, where the pressure was increased to 158,5 MPa, which also did not lead to success. This was followed by a further optimization consisting of hot forming at 700 °C and a pressure of 158,5 MPa, again with no successful solution. The last possible treatment option of changing the material to 11 321 steel and pressure 134,2 MPa was not successful and the high pressure hydrofroming method with passive action of axial dies is not recommended for industrial practice. The final step was an economic evaluation, where the price per piece was determined to be 133,3 CZK with a 20% margin. Considering that the product is suitable the profit will start to be generated after the production of 140 460 pieces.
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Obilniny ve výuce geografie zemědělství
DOČEKAL, Lukáš
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create teaching texts for teaching the geography of cereals, namely for teaching at universities, upper-secondary schools and elementary schools. First, the individual cereals grown in the world are presented in detail - their botanical and morphological characteristics, their origin, development and breeding, followed by a description of the use of cereal products, the characteristics of natural conditions and agro-techniques of cereals and the geographical distribution of cereals in the world. Part of the bachelor's thesis is also an analysis of university, upper-secondary and elementary school textbooks containing the subject of the geography of agriculture, which are subsequently used in the creation of teaching texts. Tables, maps and extensive literature are part of the bachelor thesis.
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Comparison of the properties of chokeberry spreads of different origins, comparison and different production technologies
Kapiton, Ulyana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with comparison of the properties of chokeberry spreads of different origins, composition and different production technologies. The theoretical part contains a brief description of the chokeberry – Aronia melanocarpa, an overview of the most important substances contained in the chokeberry and examples of the use of aronia, not only in the food industry. Furthermore, the legislative requirements for the production of spreads and the production technology itself are described. In this thesis is also described a new patented technology of spread production using HTD technology. Another part of the theoretical part is a literature review of the determination of anthocyanins in chokeberry by HPLC method. The experimental part describes the laboratory procedures used for determination of dry matter, carbohydrates by HPLC with ELSD detector, anthocyanin dyes, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Another part of the work was a questionnaire survey and sensory analysis of selected chokeberry spreads. The panel members prefered the Lowicz chokeberry spread, for which was determined 29,39% dry matter, 15,15 mg.g-1 anthocyanins, 9,20 mg.g-1 total phenolic compounds, 158,42 mg.g-1 fructose and 151,26 mg.g-1 glucose and the antioxidant activity was determined to be 5,94 mg.g-1.
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