|
|
Differences in nutrition of seniors who live at retirement home and at home care
HRAŇOVÁ, Běla
The bachelor´s thesis focuses on differences in the nutrition of senior citizens living in the retirement home and the nutrition of those subject to home care. The goal of the thesis was to survey the senior citizens´ awareness of healthy diet, to map the senior citizens´ eating habits and to find out whether the diet composition has been affected by economic standing of the senior citizens.
|
|
|
Brestfeeding and its most frequent problems
SOUKUPOVÁ, Simona
The undergraduate thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and contains overview of current knowledge concerning breastfeeding; the other part presents the survey. In the theoretical part, most frequent problems related to breastfeeding are outlined and correct breastfeeding technique described, which is important for the prevention of these problems. Also other aspects related to breastfeeding are described, such as positions, regimen of a breastfeeding woman etc. The first objective was to find out whether women get enough information about breastfeeding from the prenatal care. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems related to breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward, and the last objective was to find out whether breastfeeding women know how to resolve difficulties with breastfeeding. The first hypothesis was that women get information during the prenatal care. The second hypothesis was that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third hypothesis was that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples. The last hypothesis was that women are aware of solutions of their problems while in the postnatal ward. All the objectives were met. The survey showed that women were informed about breastfeeding during the prenatal care. They get most information from journals, books and internet. Some of them attended the breastfeeding course and others were instructed by medical staff. Thus the first hypothesis, that women get information during the prenatal care, was confirmed. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The survey proved that women were educated in this way and the staff instructed them on steps leading to successful breastfeeding. The results confirmed the second hypothesis, that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems with breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward. The most serious problem ascertained was painful swelling of breasts. The third hypothesis, that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples, thus was not confirmed. Ascertaining the scope of women{\crq}s knowledge on ways to solve difficulties in breastfeeding was the fourth objective. It was proved that women have sufficient knowledge leading to the removal of a potential problem, and thus the fourth hypothesis, that women are aware of solutions of their breastfeeding problems while in the postnatal ward, was confirmed. In order to verify the hypotheses and fulfill the objectives the quantitative research was used in the form of anonymous questionnaires. We handed out 127 questionnaires, of which 112 returned to us. The survey was implemented in Thomayer University Hospital in Prague, which has been the holder of Baby Friendly Hospital certificate since 1993. The survey results could be used as a source of information for timely education on the most frequent problems in breastfeeding aimed at their prevention and at the same time serve as an information source for the improvement of nursing care. More attention should be paid to the issues of breastfeeding, as these are problems, which may make mothers{\crq} most beautiful period of life more difficult.
|
|
|
Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at children in age category seven till twelve years
HLAVATÝ, Miroslav
The diploma paper aims to appraise the composition of menu offered to pupils aged seven to twelve attending the Elementary School (ES) based in Suché Vrbné, a quarter of České Budějovice. The menu was assessed for its contents of macronutrients and a range of chosen micronutrients considered to meet nutritional demands of school children. The research covered 64 examinees (of both sexes) from the second, fourth and sixth grades, and was organized as a test of their dietary habits and physical a tivities. The paper deals with: -Nutritional quality of school lunches; -Weights and statures of children from the relevant grades measured at the beginning and the end of the appraised span of time, with the observed changes evaluated; -Average cost spent to prepare one lunch; -Variety of the food and the numbers of specific dishes taken in a month; -Adherence to the recommended alimentary basket; -Weights of the different components of lunches; -Nutritional test designed to examine dietary habits and physical activities of c ildren aged 7 to 12; -Changes in the diet of children moving up to the senior stage of the Elementary School; -Formulating hypotheses focused on drinking regimen, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activities. Percentage of nutrients derived from lunch, represent the proportion of recommended daily intake for the day. The ideal figure of 35 % of the recommended daily energy intake was achieved only in girls of the 4th grade. The other categories of boys and girls ranged between 5 % and 9 %. As regards proteins, these were supplied in the above-the-limit quantities to the 2nd and 4th graders, while the 6th graders received 79,65 % to 82% of the recommended daily intake. Fats kept at the optimal level of 30 % to 35 %. Saccharides stayed at the low level of 19 % to 24,69 % for the entire time of monitoring. Fiber was found to maintain the acceptable level of 29 % to 37,41 %. As regards the macroelements, calcium supply was insufficient - at 15,0 % to 18,46 % only a small portion of what is desirable. Magnesium intake was at 41,86 % to 59,1 %. Potassium reached on average 53,6 % to 59,66 %. As to microelements, iron was supplied at 42,37 % to 48,91 %; zinc at 41,15 % to 52,91 %; selenium at 59,1 % to 175,21 %. Vitamin A reached 60,78% to 89,23 %; vitamin E was at 38,66 % to 55.1%, and vitamin C at 58,81 % to 66,0 %. Vitamin B6 was supplied in the quantity of 38,50 % o 47,83 %. Vitamins B6 and B12 were supplied in above-the-standard quantities for the whole monitored period. Measurements of weights and statures were related to the age and then used to calculated the BMI - thus one 2nd grade girl was found overweight and one boy and another girl of the same grade were found obese. Pupils of the 4th grade kept within the optimal figures. In the 6th grade two girls and four boys registered overweight. Expressed in percentages, the research has showed that in the 7 to 12 age bracket 3.2% of children were obese and 9.15 overweight. The average cost of lunch preparation was 42 CZK. The numbers of specific dishes were revealed inadequate for pulses and fish. The share of fruit was duly met while vegetables were insufficient. Low was observed also the proportion of milk and sweet & meatless dishes. Conversely, the frequency of dishes made of chicken and pork was excessive. Yeast and pulse soups were served optimally, as suggested by the Ministry of Health. Inspection carried out in view of the alimentary basket specified in Decree 107/2005 disclosed these values as average for the entire period of interest: meat 92,9 %; fish 69,4%; milk 54.8 %; milk products 72.9 %. Fats were supplied at the level of 69,3 %; sugar 46 %; vegetables 59.9%; fruit 124%; potatoes 87,4 %; and pulses 54,4 %.
|
|
|
The differences between the nutrition of Seniors in their natural home milieu and in retirements homes.
KAUCKÁ, Eva
In my degree paper I am dealing with the difference in the nutrition of seniors coming from the natural home environment and those living in retirement homes, especially from the view of quality and quantity of their diet. The theoretical part is focused on basic information of a well-balanced diet of seniors and the specifics thereof. I also mention the importance of drinking regimen there. Recommended daily intakeand resources of individual nutrients are of high importance, too. In old age, diet must be adapted to the current state of health. As a rule, light meals, easily digestible are selected. The practical part presents the results of the research aimed at the above mentioned issues. The information was obtained with the health of questionnaires and retirement home{\crq}s menus. The respondents were divided into two groups according to their place of living. The first group contained the seniors from the natural home environment, the second included seniors from retirement homes. The nutritional quality and quantity was monitored only in the selected sample of four respondents. In my my research I set two hypotheses. According to the results of the questionnaires only the second part of the second hypothesis was confirmed, while the first hypothesis and the first part of second hypothesis were not confirmed.
|
|
|
Nutrition of younger school children of age 7- 10 in district Třebíč - progress, trends, present situation
MARIÁNKOVÁ, Alena
In my bachelor thesis I deal with nutrition and eating habits. In the theoretical part I have tried to sum up by means of secondary literature the basic information on principles of healthy nutrition and principal nutrients necessary for healthy development of the organism. Meanwhile I focus on the researched group, that is school children in the age of 7-10. I further describe the historical development of nutrition from our ancestors to present day, I deal with actual trends in nutrition coming along our modern time and I describe pathophysiology of nutrition, especially obesity. The paper aimed at describing eating habits of school children in the district of Třebíč. The quantitative research method applying questionnaire survey was applied. The research was carried out among children at 6 primary schools, both in the town as well as in the villages. Besides researching the issue of eating habits of children and finding out information on their awareness and knowledge, the paper aimed at confirming or overcoming 4 set hypotheses. Based on the assessment of data two hypotheses have been confirmed and two overcome. The results of the research have shown that school children do not follow healthy nutrition principles. It has been further confirmed that children consume throughout the day empty calories that have no nutritional value. Unexpectedly the hypothesis was overcome which stated that along with the increase of inappropriate eating habits the BMI value is increasing. The hypothesis that eating habits differ in town and village was also overcome. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information on healthy nutrition and the right eating habits of children in general and the eating habits of the researched file of child population. It could be of benefit for parents and teachers as they have a great influence on children and ought to exercise a positive impact on children.
|
|
|
Nutrition and it`s specificaton within sport and leisture time exercising activities.
SEKEROVÁ, Blanka
Abstract: The subject matter of my final papers is Nutrition and it`s ecification within sport and leisure time exercising activities. I put my mind to the most important spheres of nutrition that should take interest of portsmen and other people doing any kind of sport in their leisure time. The attention of Nutirition Therapy is mainly paid to medical nutrition. Health precaution seems to be only a marginal subject of Nutrition Therapy. I have tried to study all the available literature related to Sport Nutrition to review the most important facts to point out. In the latter part of my thesis, I described and studied nutriton habits of two sportsmen. One of them does the strenght sport, the other one does the power-persistence sport. Both were examined by a sport physician. According to the results of the physical examination they had undergone. The sportsmen were writing down all they ate in a retrospective way for three weeks, during the time of preconditioning before a contest. They were also writing down all the exercise activities they were doing those days. After the three weeks, I evaluated their records and compared them with general nutrition recommendation for sporsmen helping them to sustain and enhance their health.
|
|
|
Opinion of children of junior school age on health, exercise and sport
NOHEJLOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this graduation theses is finding out the children{\crq}s conception of health, nutrition, exercise and sport. The object of research is children{\crq}s relation to exercise and nutrition. This theses is also describing influence of family, school, television and surroundings for formation of this relation. It also describes cooperation with pupils. 115 children of the third classes of primary schools were researched. These children were in the age of 8 {--} 9 years. The used methods in this research were questionnaires and observations. The research showed that the majority of pupils take right view to health, nutrition and exercise and most of the children practise some sport. This theses showed the problems of the way living of pupils in the third classes of primary schools.
|
|
| |
|
|
Physical activity and healthy life style as a prevention of increasing of children and youth in selected schools in České Budějovice\\
BALOUNOVÁ, Martina
This Diploma Dissertation deals with research expressing the propotion of P.E. lessons to particular kinds of sport or disciplines. I visited eight randomly chosen schools in České Buddějovice where I tried to inspect subject of P.E. lessons in primary schools. I made a date for coming on the particular schools and asked for primary school classroom books of the school years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 where I found out how many leesons and what kind of sport each school practised. I think P.E. lessons at schools are the only physical activities of most children nowadays. Obtained data are written down to the charts and graphs. In theoretical part of this dissertation I deal with cause of obesity, prevention of obesity, risk factors and what and how much food should be eaten.
|
|
|
Risks concerning malnutrition and obesity in the nursing process
HORČIČKOVÁ, Marie
The care for nutrition of patients is given more attention these days than before. Patients with malnutrition and obesity represent a huge nursing problem in internal and surgical fields. In this thesis we focused on nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity. The research was quantitative, for the data collection the anonymous questionnaires addressed to nurses were used. It was carried out in internal and surgical departments and departments of follow-up care in hospitals in Písek and Tábor. 120 questionnaires were distributed, in each hospital 60, to particular departments 20. 95 (100 %) questionnaires were used for the research. In the thesis seven objectives were stated. The objectives were focused on carrying out the nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity, the most frequent nursing problems in these patients and the awareness of nursing staff in the problems of malnutrition and obesity. Seven hypotheses linked to the objectives were stated. The research showed that nurses meet the clients with malnutrition and obesity in all mentioned departments. Most nurses consider the care for these patients very demanding. It is pleasant that the part of nursing documentation is nutritional screening, which is carried out during an admission of each client. Further the research showed that for these clients no valid nursing standard, which would improve nursing process, has been carried out yet. In clients with malnutrition the most frequent nursing problems are decubital ulcers and in clients with obesity sore spots. Information on the problems of malnutrition and obesity is gained at professional seminars and conferences. Nursing process in patients with malnutrition or obesity is demanding and it is necessary to have a sensitive and considerate approach. The results of the thesis will be used to make nursing staff acquainted with these problems.
|
guest ::
