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Nutrition in hospitals as part of comprehensive nursing care
ZELENKOVÁ, Klára
A nutrition of high quality should be an integral part of the complex therapy in all hospital facilities, disregarding these premises results in the decrease of the whole quality of the nursing care. A complex nursing care detects actual and potential health problems, determines priorities and defines the role of the nurse providing those. Nothing but a highly qualified and plan-based nursing care enables the nurse to satisfy the patients´ / clients´ needs. The purpose of this Bachelor thesis is to discover and determine the demands of the clients hospitalized in hospital facilities for alterations of the nutrition system, to map clients´ satisfaction with the food served and to find out , if the meals served in the hospital facilities complies with the clients´ needs. The research was realized in the Hospital Strakonice, inc.c. in the internal, surgery and gynaecological ward, in the form of a questionnaire inquiry. Six hypotheses have been determined, of which 5 were confirmed and one was refuted. The first hypothesis tested, whether the clients hospitalized in hospital facilities would appreciate an alteration in the nutrition composition. On the basis of a questionary investigation, the hypothesis was comfirmed. The second hypothesis estimated, if the clients hospitalized in hospital facilities would appreciate the possibility of the choice of the meals, according to the results, it is obvious that this possibility is welcomed by the clients and thus this hypothesis was confirmed. The aim of the third hypothesis was to find out, whether the clients are satisfied with the food served. The results point out to the fact, that for the most of the respondents, the taste, satiety and quantity of individual meals was inconvenient, the results concerning the satisfaction with the temperature of the served meals proved the patients´/clients´ satisfactuion. The third hypothesis was confirmed, because the larger part of the answers proved the dissatisfaction with the food served. The four hypothesis, whether the clients have different demands on the served meals according to their age categories was, after detailed comparison of the results, confirmed and the results point out to a definite difference with the older and with the younger respondents. The fifth hypothesis estimated, whether the clients evaluate the served food as inadequate to their needs. From the results it is obvious, that the sufficiency is superior to the insufficiency and therefore, the fifth hypothesis was not confirmed. The sixth hypothesis evaluated, if the clients have the need to provide themselves with the food outside the hospital facility, from the results it is evident that the clients really have this need and the sixth hypothesis was proved and confirmed. I will hand deliver the results achieved to the head nurse of the Hospital Strakonice, inc.c. and together we will try to realize these alterations that would increase the satisfaction of the patients/clients with the nutrition and meals in this hospital.
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Nutritional screening as part of the nursing process for patients on hemodialysis department
STEJSKALOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor?s thesis focuses on the area of nutritional screening of patients with chronic renal failure in terminal stadium treated by hemodialysis. Proper nutrition forms an inseparable part of their treatment and thus a suitable education method has to be chosen. The nurse in the educator?s role has to motivate the patient, help him identify problems and provide assistance with orientation in the given area. The aim of the thesis was to find methods of nutritional education and the importance of the nutritional screening from the view of nurses and patients. Data was gathered by qualitative research through two non-standardized interviews. The first interview was conducted with general medical nurses of the dialysis centers Fresenius Medical Care, s. r. o. in Benešov and Nemocnice v Českých Budějovicích, a. s. (České Budějovice hospital). The other type of interview took place with the patients of both the above stated facilities. Next stage of the inquiry included an analysis of written documents. Results of the work have shown that half of the interviewed nurses deal with patients? education. Most of the nurses consider the nutritional screening an important part of the patients medical treatment. The patients are usually satisfied with the education process and view the nutritional screening positively. The analysis of written documents has shown that, apart from their blood tests results, half of the interviewed patients have no materials relating to their nutrition in their medical documentation. Organizing regular nurse trainings in the area of nutrition and communication techniques that closely relate to the educational process would thus seem advisable. In the case of the centers management possible cooperation with nutritional therapists might be considered. This work could serve as basis for further research inquiry in the area of hemodialyzed patients.
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Nursing Care for Patients with Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy.
KUBŮ, Eva
The topic of thesis is nursing care provided to people, whether we call them patients or clients, with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. According to experts, ercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a relatively simple surgical procedure the outcome of which is very effective. By using a medical endoscope, the physician introduces an ostomy cannula into the stomach, one end of which leads right into the stomach and the other is led out through the skin of the abdomen. The cannula is then used to administer nutrition.Two objectives were stated in the research. The first objective was to determine the challenges in nursing care for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in clients within the nursing process from the perspective of nurses. The second objective was concerned about the level of utilization of nutritional screening in the nursing process in clients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. These objectives were followed by four research questions.To obtain data for the research survey, the qualitative research method was chosen. For the data collection an in-depth semistructured interview was conducted with five nurses from DÚSP in Černovice. Within the qualitative research, the interviews with nurses were supplemented with the respondents observation, followed by the findings recording into the record sheet.The research outcomes show that nursing care for clients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has its own specifics, such as at serving meals and taking care of the stoma catheter. It has also been proved that from the perspective of nurses this care is more demanding, for example by placing demands on the nurses´ knowledge relating to the PEG and its treatment. It is obvious that nursing care for clients with percutaneous gastrostomy is the care that must be provided in a comprehensive way, within a holistic approach to the client.The survey results will be provided to the medical facility where the investigation was conducted and they may serve to improve nursing care for clients with gastrostomy to create or modify the current standard of nursing care for the PEG site.
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Lifestyle nurses from selected social determinants of health (in the diet, physical activity, stress managament,addictions)
MAŠKOVÁ, Nikola
Healthy lifestyle is one of the most important factors the quality of our health depends on. Lifestyle means our eating habits, exercise regimen, the way we face stress, and the amount of toxic substances, alcohol, cigarettes or drugs we voluntarily take in. The main aim of the research was to survey the lifestyle of nurses according to selected social health determinants with the focus on alimentation, sport activities, stress management and addictive drug abuse. In accordance with the research subject the following objectives were established. The first objective was to determine the nutritional intake of nurses. The second objective was to find out the frequency of addictive substances use. The third goal was to assess symptoms of depression in nurses. The fourth goal was to map the level of physical activity in nurses. Based on these goals nine hypotheses were established. H1 Nurses´ energy intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H2 Nurses lipid intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H3 Nurses´ carbohydrate intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. Nurses´ fibre intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H5 Nurses comply with the advisable fluid intake according to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H6 Nurses´ alcohol consumption is moderate (0-10 units of alcohol per week). H7 Nurses are moderate smokers, smoking 1-9 cigarettes a day. H8 Nurses show depression symptoms in the depression screening carried out with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. H9 Physical activity of nurses is sufficient. The quantitative survey was conducted by interviewing, using the questionnaire technique. The research respondents were nurses in the Strakonice Hospital, a.s. Nutritional intake was assessed using the NUTRIDAN program and recommended doses were specified in the European Union's reference doses in the form of the PRI EU. The level of physical activity and the frequency of addictive substance use were assessed using the NUTRIFIA program. The objectives of the thesis were met, hypotheses H1, H2, H5, H6 were confirmed and hypothesis H3, H4, H7, H8 and H9 were disproved. The results will be offered to the Strakonice Hospital, a.s. in the form of educational materials for nurses in order to improve nurses´ healthy lifestyle.
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The Development of Standaros of Proper Nutrition for Children to The Age of Three
KILBERGEROVÁ, Jana
The target of the thesis was to find out the way of alimentation of the child up to the age of three years in the family, if the nurses inform the mothers of the children up to the age of three years about the principles of the correct alimentation of their child and to create the education and information in the field of principles of correct nutrition of the child up to the age of three years. These targets were achieved. In the quantitative research examination, the research complex consisted of a general and children nurse, and mothers of children up to the age of three years from all 123 consulting rooms of physicians for the children and young people (pediatrists) in the South Bohemian Region. 123 questionnaires for nurses and 1230 questionnaires for mothers of children up to three years of age were distributed. 85 questionnaires for nurses and 360 questionnaires for mothers were used for the research. It follows from the results of the research examination that mothers are well informed about the correct way of alimentation of their child in the consulting rooms of practical physicians for children and young people and they observe the recommended principles of the correct nutrition of their child. It follows from the research examination of nurses that there are not unified opinions in introducing some kinds of food into the nutrition of sucklings and toddlers, first of all concerning the pasteurised cow milk, fat and cholesterol. The answers of nurses and mothers in the research examination were the base for elaboration of the educational manual for the parents ? especially for mothers and a standard for the nutrition of children up to there years.
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Impact of nutrition and rearing technology on the changes of the quality of common tench (Tinca tinca) meat
PŘÍBORSKÝ, Josef
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of diet (natural and formulated feed) on the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of the harvested fish. The content of dry matter in fish flesh resulting from the formulated diet was higher vs. the natural diet (23.94?1.24 % vs. 19.66?0.82 %) with nitrogenous compounds (60.24?2.82 % vs. 72.12?1.75 %), total fat content (24.81?4.51 % vs. 6.14?2.85 %) and ash (7.55?1.28 % vs. 10.54?1.53 %) respectively. The spectrum of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography using Varian 3800 equipment. Tench fed on a formulated diet in the recirculating system had a significantly higher content (P< 0.05) of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA = 43.04?1.68 %) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA = 15.47?1.07 %) in their flesh compared to the flesh of fish reared in earth ponds on a natural diet - MUFA (32?5.29 %) and n-6 PUFA (13.6?1.66 %). Tench fed on a natural diet in earth ponds proved to have a significantly higher content (P< 0.05) of n-3 PUFA (16.8?4.38 %) and ? PUFA (30.3 ? 5.3 %) than tench reared in the recirculating system - PUFA n-3 (10.05?0.85 %) and ? PUFA (25.52?1.07%). The ratio n-3/n-6 for fish from earth ponds was 1.2; for fish from the recirculating system the ratio was 0.65. The results show a significantly higher composition of n-3 PUFA in flesh of tench from earth pond with natural food compared to fish on an intensive feeding diet in the recirculating system which showed a higher content of n-6 PUFA.
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Lifestyle of diabetic
HYNKOVÁ, Jana
Diabetes is said to be an epidemic of 21st century. Although death rates from diabetes are decreasing, the treatment results are still not satisfactory. Today, every tenth Czech is affected by diabetes, but according to doctors, a quarter of patients do not even know about the existence of their disease.In my thesis I focus on the lifestyle of diabetics. I am mainly concerned about their diet. Another important thing was to find out if they eat regularly, and whether the portions are eaten at regular time intervals throughout the day, as the regular and balanced diet is more important in diabetic patients than in anyone else.My survey has clearly proved that stress significantly worsens the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, there is no evidence that a healthy diet and physical activity significantly improve health condition of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Organoleptic qualities of catering provided to students in students´cafeteria of the South Bohemian University ,Ceske Budejovice as compared with the catering delivered to clients of the South Bohemian Hospital ,Ceske Budejovice, a.s.
RYTÍŘOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis, as the title suggests, deals with the quality and organoleptic characteristics of meals prepared in the Students´ canteen of the University of South Bohemia. In the theoretical part the basic principles and composition of a quality and healthy diet are described with the use of literature, the history and basic information about clinical dietology is mentioned and the importance of organoleptic characteristics is explained. The issue of catering facilities and canteens is also addressed. There is an emphasis on the quality of the diet because this is an integral part of a patient´s treatment and ought to be chosen carefully. In the practical section the results of quantitative survey conducted with the České Budějovice hospital clients and the University of South Bohemia students are shown. This investigation aims to highlight the good quality and the drawbacks of their diet and determine the level of satisfaction both in patients of České Budějovice Hospital and students of the South Bohemian University. Before starting the investigation three hypotheses were stated. Based on data evaluation only the hypothesis number one and the second part of the hypothesis three proved true. The Hypothesis number two and the first part of the hypotheses number three were not confirmed.
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Influence of different factors for economic parameters of milk production
KLEINOVÁ, Anna
Evaluation of factors, which affect the selected economic indicators of milk production in specific farm, during two years, 2007 and 2008, was the aim of the work. The composition of dietary and its optimalization and feeding technology in stable were evaluated. The contents of basic elements, which affected the realization in every month, were set from the milk production on the basis of analyses. Indicators of reproduction are mentioned then. Evaluation of chosen operational economic indicators of milk production was based on dates about costs and revenues in selected stable. Mixed feeding ration is loaded twice a day and it is compiled in advisory way according to the laboratory analysis results of feed. It was balanced with a moderate abundance of nitrogen substances and solids in production cows and with a deficit of solids in feeding ration of very pregnant non-lactating cows in both years (about 9 %). The fat and protein contents were relatively fixed, with a decline in summer months. The limit for somatic cells was exceeded once (by 3 %) and so the TVC (by 36%) in 2008. Reproduction indicators showed annual improvement with the exception of the intervening period length. There came to reduction in number of coves on the 3rd and later lactations and to decrease of their longevity thus. Their own and purchased feed took share in costs mostly (33,3% in total). In 2007 the loss per litter of sold milk arose but the income moved to positive values after including all revenues. In 2008 a profit per litter of sold mild was reached the milk production reached 3,64% and the total income increased.
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Analysis of eating habits in people with hypertension with the help of NutriDan programme.
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Eva
Hypertension, i.e. elevated blood pressure, ranks among the commonest civilization diseases affecting heart and blood vessels. The incidence rate covers about 25% of adults and it may have deadly consequences. The first step in treating the condition is a change in the way of life. The patients are encouraged to stop smoking; to take reasonable exercise; to reduce stress and, last but not least, to eat healthily. A diet can be assessed using NutriDan, a software leaning on a database of hundreds of foodstuffs having well-verified nutritional values. Health-care professionals can use the software tool to easily calculate the average daily intake of individual components present in a patient's diet. The tool considers the patient's age, physical activity, and the current nutrition. In compiling the paper the author used the software to analyze the nutritional habits of hypertonic patients. The research objective was pursued with reliance on the methods of qualitative survey and interrogation, using the technique of semi-controlled interview to be then made into casuistries. Contacted were hypertonic patients in České Budějovice - with a half of the respondents below 63 years of age and the other half over 63. To identify the quality and quantity of food, the author analyzed their nutritional records (their diet) for 7 days and evaluated the findings with the NutriDan tool. The survey covered 14 respondents whose nutritional records were analyzed to answer the researched question asking whether the daily volumes of energy, sodium, fats and cholesterol that the hypertonic patients received through their diet corresponded with standards recommended by the NutriDan software. The analyses showed that it was not the case. Results arrived at in the paper can be instrumental in mapping the issue of observing the diet provisions in hypertension patients, while the deficiencies found could be utilized to streamline the process of education followed to foster healthy life style.
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