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Kondice holštýnských dojnic a vlivy které na ni působí
Úradníčková, Hana
Bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of the influences acting on the body condition Holstein cows and their own assessment of body condition. The main part deals with the evaluation of body condition Holstein cattle and influences that act on it. Then the thesis reviews the body condition for further farm animals and hobby animals. I made two observations of cows at first lactation in the ŠZP Žabčice. Of these cows were selected 48 pieces, it is at each observation 24 pieces of which 12 cows were in the stage of lactation in 100 days and for 12 cows over 100 days. The first sighting took place in November 2014, and the second in February 2015. In my observations, I focused on the analysis of two influences, and how it affects month follow-up (November, February) and stage of lactation (within 100 days and over 100 days).The results observed were as follows. When monitor the influence of the month sighting on the body condition, the mean BCS (Body condition score) in November it was 3.11 points and 2.97 points in February. The average of the lowest values observed in November was 2.47 points and 2.56 in February. The average of the maximum values reached in November 4 points and 3.56 points in February. Regarding the influence of stage of lactation, the values of average body condition at the stage of lactation of 100 days 2.98 points and over 100 days 3.1 points. The average of the lowest values in the phase of 100 days was 2.47 points and over 100 days 2.56 points. The average of the maximum values reached within 100 days of lactation 3.84 points and over 100 days of lactation 3.91 points.
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Faktory ovlivňující preferenci boxové řady a frekvenci výskytu u krmného stolu u dojnic holštýnského skotu
Plesníková, Lenka
The aim of this study was to clarify factors affecting preference pit row and the frequency and the occurence of feeding table by Holstein cows. The investigated factors were milk yelds, seasons, temperature in the stable, lactation number and stage of lactation. The investigation was dated from February 20140 to January 2015 once per month in the course of 12 hours. The selected cote contains 52 boxes. We monitored preference of the box row by diary cows and the frequency of the occurence by the feeding table. During the monitoring we were writing down if diary cows were standing or lying. By lying doary cows, we monitored the preference of the lying side. For survey we used group shots method. Results were under the statistic analysis by Statistica 10.0 program. Results follows that diary cows in dependence on milk production prefered row number 1 or preferencies were equal. Differences between rows were not statistically conclusive (P > 0,05). When lying, diary cows prefered lying on the left side in both rows. Frequency occurence by feeding table was the highest by diary cows with daily yielding between 30,1 and 40 kg of milk. The influence of season: we discovered that in spring season and summer season diary cows prefered row number 1 (P < 0,01) and in autumn and winter season they prefered row number 2. In spring and winter was prefered lying on the left side unline summer, when they prefered right side. During autumn diary cows situated in row number 1 prefered right side and in row number 2 left side. Attendance the feeding table was during the year balanced. The influence of temeprature: Difference in preferences rows 1 or 2 were statistically conclusing (P > 0,05). Results of our monitoring show that diarycows prefered row number 1 and lying on the left side.
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Analýza životních projevů dojnic ve volném kotcovém ustájení
Surmová, Lucie
Bacholor thesis is focused on the analysis of vital sings in the pens. The aim is to these vital sings analyze and evaluate the results. The first half is devoted to the theoretical basis of the issue. The introductory part introduces the concepts of Holstein cattle, milk yield, lactation, ethology and technology cattle housing. The practikal part is processed by a specifict analysis. Observations took place in the summer, in July and August one a month. Followed mainly the following activities: eating, drinking, chewing, urine, standing, lying down. Attention was also paid to the efficiency of dairy cattle and lactaion. From the rusults it was found that the yield was higher, the content of milk components was lower. And this was recorded for lactation with increasing lactation yield going up, but the lower the value of dairy ingredients. Dairy cows on the second higher lactation lay more than cows at first lactation.
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Farm building
Bank, Martin ; Burianová, Lenka (referee) ; Kacálek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the master’s thesis is a project documentation of an farm building. It is a new building of stable for breeding of cows of Holstein cattle and accessories necessary for securing it is operation. The building is located in the cadastral territory of municipality Chromeč, district Šumperk. Base consist of a single building object and a stable construction builds up a second object. These two objects are operationally linked and they are connected by the gangway. The stable is designed for a maximum of 278 heads of Holstein cattle. The stable is a single-storey indoor building. In the background there are rooms and equipment necessary to procuring stable operation. A Base is a brick object with two floors. On the ground floor is a waiting room, parlour, technical facilities, rooms for a production of cheese and a cheese shop. Attic there is a background of employees, which is only over a part of the object. Roofs are slanting saddle-shaped. Building estate is situated in the flat terrain.
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The Comparison of Milk Yield of Milked Breed Cradlet in the same Conditions
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
Nowadays it is hard to maintain the profitability in cattle farming in the Czech Republic. The price of a liter of milk is not stable and and input costs have an increasing tendency. It is necessary to reduce input costs to maintain a good economy of milk production and the emphasis is on increasing milk production. There is also a decline in dairy cows, the herd replacement increases and the reproductive characteristics of dairy cows worsens. A very important component participating in the milk production is sufficient and quality nutrition This bachelor thesis analyzes the influences on milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle and Holstein cattle. The aim of this work was to develop a detailed survey of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Furthermore, the importance of cattle farming, utility types of cattle. An integral part of the literature review are influences that affect milk production in kg and also on the content of milk constituents, in particular the fat content and protein. Another part of the work is the statistical analysis of chosen influences on milk production and milk components. Among the selected factors are breed, age at first calving, lactation length, level of production during the first inspection of first calving performance. The outcomes were evaluated in the company ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník and values needed for analysis were obtained from reports of performance tests. During the watching of milk yield of dairy cows in the monitored file related to the breed, it was found that the total average milk yield in the monitored file Holstein cows reaches the level of 8743 kg of milk, with an average 3.66% fat and 3.43% proteins. Czech Fleckvieh cows gived 7005 kg of milk with 3.92% fat and 3.53% proteins. In comparison with T-test in was found a statistically significant difference between breeds in milk production only in the third lactation (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between breeds in fat content (P <0.01) in the second lactation. The effect of age at first calving on milk yield in first lactation was not confirmed at Holstein cows. The biggest group of the utility was achieved at cows calving aged> 28 months. Statistically significant differences were found only for protein content and for groups calving to 22-24 months and groups of 25-27 months (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the highest milk yield of dairy cows reached calving group aged 22 to 24 months (6947 kg of milk). In evaluation of the impact lactation length on the average daily milk production per standard lactation and full lactation results were significant for groups of cows with lactation length 401-500 and over 500 days of lactation (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the difference was only detected in the group of 401 to 500 days of lactation. Correlation analysis of both breeds showed that is possible based on the values found during the first inspection the of the utility after calving perform negative selection (Rxy= 0,632, P <0.001)
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Effect of milk yield on selected indicators of reproduction in Holstein cattle
HUBÁČEK, Tomáš
Cattle husbandry is the most difficult branch of agriculture and economics. There are two main reasons that affect economy of dairy cattle: milk utility and reproduction. The aim of every stockbreeder is the highest milk production and also good reproduction indicators. This bachelor work was aimed at analysis of selected reproduction indicators about milk utility of Holstein cattle. The analysis was done in the company PRIMA AGRI a.s. Data were analysed from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014. There were analysed 270 dairy cows with closed lactation. There were observed these indications: milk utility, rank of lactation, age of first calving, length of service period, length of the inter-calving interval and causes of elimination from breeding program. Influence of milk utility on the length of service period was statistically important only in a group of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk (p < 0,05). There was no statistically important difference in the length of service period in other groups. There was statistically important difference in the length of the inter-calving interval in the groups of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk and utility more than 10000 kg milk (p < 0,001). The length of the inter-calving interval was longer in a group of dairy cows with utility 8000 - 10000 kg milk (p < 0,01). Rank of lactation influences milk utility of all groups of dairy cows (p < 0,001). There was no statistically important effect of age at first calving. Effect of rank of calving on the length of service period was statistically important in second (p < 0,05) and third lactation (p < 0,001). Effect of rank of lactation on the length of the inter-calving interval was statistically important in second and fourth and higher lactation (p < 0,01). There was 8 days shorter length of the inter-calving interval in a group of the dairy cows in third lactation (p < 0,001). Average number of eliminated dairy cows was 33,04 %. The most frequent reason of dairy cows elimination were other healthy reasons - 51 % of culling cows.
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Analysis of milk production and fertility in dairy herd of Holstein cattle
VONA, Barbora
Bachelor thesis analyzes the milk yield and fertility of dairy cows in a herd of Holsteins and the factors that influence these indicators. Reproductive disorders and problems with fertilisation osten occur in breeding of high-yield dairy cows resulting in economic loss in milk production. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate selected impacts on milk production and reproduction at the level of the selected file. Evaluated the effects were genotype and age at first calving. Another significant outcome of this thesis was to assess whether a selected group of Holstein cows meets the requirements of selected breeding goal Holsteins. Analysis of selected data held in the company DZV Nova as, on a farm VKK Petrovice. Selected cows were divided into groups based on genotype and age at first calving. For testing the effect of genotype showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in milk yield between genotypes. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between reproductive indicators, both between lactations, and in the case of insemination interval also the overall result. For further tested the effects were not statistically significant differences between the groups, but the resulting data is valuable to the zootechnical.
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The analysis of the milk performance of the Holstein cattle
ŠLECHTOVÁ, Sylva
The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis and the rating of the milk performance of the Holstein cattle. Dairy cows of Měcholupy a.s., Předslav, which are brought in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest, were analysed. Since 2002 the milk performance has increased thanks to continuous quality zootechnical work there (since that year the average yield of milk increased from 6 753,6 kg to 8 520 kg in 2014). From an economic point of view, milk production is an important source of income, so that cattle breeders try to achieve the highest performance at the lowest possible costs incurred in solving nutritional problems and as low as culling, whether for reasons of health or zootechnical or breeding. The thesis observed the influence of age at first calving, lactation number, length interim, the reason for decommissioning and the influence of genotype on milk production. The results showed that the cows calved between the ages of 641 to 780 days (8 146 kg milk) achieved the maximum number of lactation. The most common reasons were pursued for exclusion of dairy herds and other medical reasons. They excluded 35,52 % of cows on the Holstein cattle and their crosses with an average production of 7 790,3 kg of milk. Fertility failure is a very important indicator of the level of breeding. I tis on third place here, which shows the good zootechnical work. For the monitored breeding groups H1 and H2 there is minimal difference in performance. The performance decreases for groups H3 and H4 compared to H1 and H3 performance. The monitored indicator belongs among the statistically singnificant (p<0,01). The pure bred group H1 had the longest interim length (401 days). Hybrids H2 and H3 had the interim length shorter about 2 days (399 days) and H4 hybrids had it 6 days shorter than H1 (395 days).
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Influence of selected factors on fertility and longevity of cows of Holstein cattle
KAUTSKÁ, Jitka
This thesis deals with the influence of level of yield, causes putting out dairy cows from the breed and age at first calving on fertility and longevity of dairy cows of Holstein cattle in the agribusiness Agropodnik Košetice, a.s. Monitored indicators of dairy cows of Holstein cattle were the amount of milk in the first lactation in kg, functional longevity in kg of milk, functional longevity in days and the causes of elimination of dairy cows from the breed. From the results of monitored herd it can be concluded that prolongation of age at first calving will increase functional longevity in days statistically significantly. In contrast, there was not found statistically significant effect of age at first calving on functional longevity in kg of milk. Ascertained results of the monitored dairy herd did not confirm that increasing milk yields deteriorated reproductive indicators. The length of the service period was shortened statistically significantly with increasing the yield of milk in kg per one hundred days ((P 0,05), with the yield for the first entire lactation (P 0,001) and the order of lactation (P 0,001). In the monitored herd the dairy cows that were eliminated due to postpartum paresis (2570.70 days) reached the highest longevity and also reached the highest milk production for functional longevity in kg of milk (49,919.95 kg).
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The metabolic profile of the milch cow of holstein breed in the period of lactation
HORČIČKOVÁ, Michaela
Diploma work was concentrated on the evaluation of two metabolic profiles on the milch cows of Holstein breed on the basic of compilated nutritive rations for individual phases of lactation. The metabolic tests were evaluated in the milch cows in the period of making cow milk, the top of lactation and the second phase of lactation. The balance of nutriments was counted out in the nutritive rations. The haemotological and biochemical parameters, macromineral and urinary profiles were evaluated in the metabolic profiles. The work in the both metabolic profiles evidenced the reduced number of erythrocytes which can be connected with the occurence of anaemia. In the period of the top of lactation it is possible to speculate about an energetical deficit with regard to the low content of triacylglycerols. In the profile tests the presence of ketone bodies substances in urine was found out in the period of making cow milk. This finding connects with the negative energetic balance that occurrs in the course of the first two months after calving. Within of mineral profile an attention should be paid to especially the content of calcium, which was reduced in the both profiles. In comparison with the profiles perfomed in 2011 we find out that reached modifications of the nutrive ration and the increase in the content of main nutriments, which shoved in the milch cows by improvement of metabolic effects. Neverthless in breeding of the milch cows the increased emphasis should be put on the period of making cow milk and the recommendation for prevention from anaemia or other disorders is carrying out of the selective metabolic test.
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