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Socio-economic importance of family and trends in family behavior of the population of the Czech republic and Slovakia
Rousová, Petra ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (advisor) ; Antovová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concept of family and its current status in life of the people in the Czech republic and Slovakia with focus on young people. Bachelor thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter defines the concept of family in perspectives of different authors, it describes its functions, forms, its historical development and current socio-economic environment. The second chapter focuses on demographic development of indicators of marriage, divorce, birth, fertility and abortion. It includes the prognosis of future development. Demographic analysis is made from 1960, through 1993 with the population prognosis. On the basis of demographic indicators it describes current trends in family behavior. The third chapter is devoted to family policy in both countries and to the state support for families with children. This bachelor thesis tries to describe the situation of families in the Czech republic and Slovakia, compare the differences, and to estimate their possible future development.
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Opinions of the adult population of the South Bohemia region about selected ethical problems of the health care
BICANOVÁ, Anna
The theme of this thesis are opinions of adult population of the South Bohemia region about selected ethical problems. These problems involve doctor's relationship with patient, opinions of euthanasia, abortion and transplantation organs and tissues. In the theoretical part are explained and escribed the basic concepts related to this thesis. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the views from professional literature on these selected topics. The aim of the thesis is to determine the views of the adult population of South Bohemia on selected ethical issues in health care. The main objectives are the views on the relationships of the doctors with the patients, the introduction of euthanasia in the Czech Republic, a positive or negative view of abortion and opinion on supposed consent to postmorten donating organs. In the practical part the thesis deals with the quantitative research and evaluation of the research questionnaire.
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Role of Conscience in the Post Abortion Syndrome
BICANOVÁ, Lenka
The diploma thesis deals with the connection between human conscience and the Post Abortion Syndrome that is described in selected sources. The aim is an analysis of the role of the conscience in Post Abortive Syndrome. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of conscience and its value in our lives as well as the question of when and how our conscience affects our behaviour. The next text focuses on the connection of our conscience and actions as well as our decision making. This connection is described from philosophical, theological and psychological points of view. The second chapter focuses on abortion and the difference between miscarriage and abortion. Furthermore, the reasons for undergoing abortion, methods of abortion, and possible consequences are described. The third chapter deals with the Post Abortion Syndrome, its definition and symptoms, and information how to help affected women. In the last chapter are summarized the information and is presented the connection between conscience and Post Abortive Syndrome. The information from primary and secondary sources is supplemented with interviews with professional who come in touch with women affected by the Post Abortive Syndrome. These interviews are very valuable for deeper insight.
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Territorial diferenciance fertility in the Czech Republic
Dlouhá, Karolína ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
Abstract The main purpose of this following report is to describe and compare the development of fertility and abortions indicators in a particular time and than evaluate regional differences of these indicators in all the regions of Czech Republic. These regions will be than deliminated into several groups based on the similarity of the developement of fertility and abortions. The first part of this report is mainly focused on explanation of basic terms, delimination of indicators and description of the methods of adjusting these indicators. Second part describes the developement of aggregate fertility and abortions indicators and also specific levels of fertility and abortions since the beginning of 1990's. Third part is dedicated to delimination of Czech Republic regions after the NUTS classification and to the following analysis of fertility and abortions indicators in several regions of Czech Republic. These regions are than deliminated into several groups according the similarity of developments.
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Induced abortions in the years 1958-2012 in the Czech Republic
Hegarová, Hana ; Fučíková, Simona (advisor) ; Říha, Jan (referee)
The objective of the thesis primarily is to describe the history and development of the issue of abortion in relation to the various changes that the population of communities have passedthrough and determine whether legislative changes concerning abortion affect abortion indicators. Furthermore, the work focuses on the development of abortion in the Czech Republic in 1958 - 2012.This thesis examines in detail on the development of abortion legislation in Czechoslovakia and later in the Czech Republic and on the basis of these legislative changes values examines the link abortion with indicators made legislative changes. In the context of abortion among other things, analyzes the total fertility rate, total abortion rate, abortion rate of women according to their age, abortion by territorial differentiation and other indicators influencing the number of abortions in the Czech Republic.
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Family behaviour in the Czech Republic
Porcalová, Barbora ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šimková, Martina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the demographic analysis of changes in family behaviour of the population of the Czech Republic especially in period before and after the year 1989. The first part defines terms related to family and family behaviour. Besides, it also outlines the historical development of family and important influences on changes in population thinking. The analytical part of the thesis deals with various indicators such as fertility, abortion, marriage and divorce and their demographic comparison over time. The third part is devoted to current trends influencing family behaviour and the final fourth part outlines its main implications of changes and also shows the expected future development.
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Marital status as a differentiating factor in demographic behavior
Nedomová, Radka ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
Diploma thesis explores the diversity of demographic behavior depending on marital status and is aimed at summarizing the effect of marital status on demographic behavior as a whole. The first phase deals with the concepts of impact of marital status on demographic behavior, explains the theory of selection and causality and outlines the historical development of nuptiality and divorce by using basic indicators. The practical part is based on the results of Population and Housing Censuses during the period 1961-2011 and compares the changes in the structure of the Czech population by sex, age and marital status between censuses. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1990. Furthermore, in separate chapters is mapped out how marital status affects demographic processes of fertility, abortion, nuptiality and mortality. In the case of fertility exploration is emphasized increasing extramarital fertility, as more and more children are born outside marriage, especially to single mothers. By using age-specific and standardized rates are analyzed changes in the development of individual demographic processes between censuses for all categories of marital status. Standardization of mortality for the years 1961, 1970 and 1980 is made on the basis of the formation of shortened life tables and the subsequent modeling of mortality at higher ages. In connection of changing structure of the population by marital status, as the proportion of unmarried and divorced people is growing and the share of people living in a marriage is decreasing, is judged attitude of the Czech public toward marriage and family according to surveys results available.
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Reproductive strategies of Czech families in the period of 1948-1989
HRNEČKOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis deals with the reproductive strategies of Czech families. Firstly the term family is defined from the point of view of several authors. Then the basic functions of family are characterized. The thesis solves the values of traditional and modern family, it's roles and it reminds the changes of the family's character, too. It also entertains the brief summary of biological, economic, psychological and social factors which influence the reproductive behavior of people. In the next part of the thesis the reproductive strategies according to Pierre Bordieu are delimited. The following chapter deals with family during the communist regime. Then the thesis introduces the reader to a family policy and with the measures that are issued by the State to support the family life (the material security of children, the newlywed loans, financial relief for the families with children etc.). The focus is especially on the description of the selected financial incentives and laws that are devoted to the influence of policy on the demografic development and the summary of marriages, natality, divorce rate and abortion during the monitored period.
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The attitudes of today's young women to abortion
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Tereza
Nowadays, the issue of abortion poses an ethical problem and the society is divided into two camps whose opinions vary considerably. On the one hand there are those who support the right to abortion, and on the other hand there are antiabortionists who believe that already at the moment of conception, a human individual who has the right to life is starting to form, and they consider abortion murder. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first one being a theoretical part organized into chapters that cover the definitions of basic terms, the differentiation between various types of abortion, abortion methods, abortion risks, mental problems related to abortion, possible reasons for abortion, ways of dealing with an unwanted pregnancy, start of a human life, legislation, right to life, the way different religions approach the issue of abortion, abortions in the world, the history of abortions in the Czech Republic up to the present time, and the divergence of opinions on abortion based on movements which support abortion or fight against it. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to ascertain what attitude young women have to abortion. The aim served as the basis of the following research question: What attitude do present-day young women have to abortion? The second aim was to ascertain the most frequent reasons for abortion. The aim served as the basis of the following research question: What are the most frequent reasons for abortion? A qualitative research method by means of semi-structured interviews was used. The data were collected in the period from November 2013 to April 2014. The research group comprised 15 respondents who were divided into three groups based on their experience with abortion. Group A consisted of young women with no experience with abortion. Group B consisted of young women with personal experience with abortion, and group C consisted of women who had experience with abortion, abortion committee and what impact the procedure had on their lives. The data were taken down by means of audio recording or in written form, and the results were subsequently transcribed. The data were then coded so that it would be easier to find the main semantic categories. Quotations of the respondents were used in the process of interpreting the data. The research questions were processed individually for every group and the results of every group were summarized at the end of the research. The research revealed that the attitude of young women to abortion is mostly positive. Nine of the respondents also believe that it is the right of every woman to decide whether to have an abortion or to bring her child into the world. Three of the respondents expressed the contrary opinion; one of them expressed a strictly negative stance, she would not allow abortion under any circumstances. Three other respondents hold a neutral attitude to the issue in general and they agree with the respondents who expressed a positive attitude, that every woman considering abortion should have the freedom of choice. The answers to the question about the most frequent reasons for abortion show that the most frequent reason is a health issue. This reason was given by nine of the respondents. Another reason given by 8 of the respondents was social issues, including financial difficulties and inability to provide for the family. The third most often mentioned reason was unpreparedness for pregnancy, including not being mature enough to be a parent. This reason was registered in 3 respondents. The research results show that it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue, so that all women are well informed and able to form their own attitude and opinion regarding this issue. This bachelor thesis could contribute to a better awareness among women interested in this topic, as well as a source of information for midwives and as a study material for students of midwifery.
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Abortion for underage people - ethical context
FILIPOVÁ, Petra
FILIPOVÁ, P. Abortion for underage people ? ethical context. České Budějovice, 2013. A diploma thesis written under Faculty of Health and Social Studies, the thesis advisor Mgr. et Mgr. Ondřej Doskočil, Th.D. The diploma thesis tries to describe the issue of abortion for underage applicants and related context. This sensitive issue is regulated by the Law no 66/1986, of abortion. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part deals with contemporary condition of abortion for underage people in general context. The following topics are analysed in the next step: historical context of abortion in the Czech Republic, relation of abortion and medicine, justificatory reasons of abortion and ethical context of this sensitive issue. Methods of abortion are described in the following section. One of the most crucial chapters is the consent and the steps which are taken in connection with underage patients. In the research part of the thesis, the strategy of qualitative research was used, which was performed by the method of interrogation. The semistructured interview was chosen as a technique for the interrogation. The research file consisted of 5 male and 3 female doctors from gynaecological surgeries and from the women department of hospitals from different parts of the Czech Republic. The aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the recent situation of providing consent about performing abortion of underage applicants for this medical intervention; to find out and describe how male and female doctors of gynaecological surgeries and women departments of hospitals deals with the whole abortion of underage people issue as professionals but also personally. The last of the generated aims was to point out ethical context connected with the issue on the basis of new-found information. In order to reach the aims mentioned above, we used a set of questions which were focused on the abortion for underage applicants procedure and on the issue of the consent about performing this medical intervention. In the discussion chapter, the answers from the interviews are summarized and those answers are compared with available literature and they are supported with arguments. In the end, thesis which can serve as hypothesis for possible quantitative research were defined. From the research, it came out that questioned male and female doctors prefer legal aspect of medical care when deciding at the expense of ethical aspects and they also notice a conflict between legal adjustment of abortion for underage people and legal adjustment of other medical interventions connected with this age group. It also came out that laws should origin from the deep conviction of the whole society because nobody cannot be sure how he or she would act in this situation. Interviewees emphasise that an underage girl should learn how to act with responsibility. If she feels mature enough for sexual life, she should also bear all the consequences of her decision. The thesis also refers to the question of the genesis of life as modern biology proves uniqueness of an individual from the moment of conception. Outcomes of the research could be used for description of the whole situation connected with abortion for underage people, for discovering this issue and extension of laymen and professional community awareness. The research could be also useful for helping professions.
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