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Abortion and Euthanasia according to the Criminal Law
ŠTINDLOVÁ, Štěpánka
The topic of this bachelor work is an abortion and euthanasia according to the criminal law. To the issue of abortion and euthanasia is currently devoted increasing attention and we can assume, that it will continue in the future. This topic is discussed not only by professional, but also the general public. The reasons of discussion are various, it dominate recent media reports that discussion largely encouraging. This is very interesting, difficult and contradictory issue, which is connected to many social disciplines. We can view this topic from the medical, legal, psychological, religious and ethical perspective. The objective of this work is to explain the principle of abortion and euthanasia in conjunction with basics of protecting human life, which are based on the provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Special attention is devoted to their position in the Czech legal system, especially in criminal law. Bachelor work is divided into two main chapters, the first of them is devoted to abortion and second to euthanasia. The introductory part of each of these chapters is aimed to provide the necessary information about the terminology. Also I deal with its historical progression and the position in selected European and non-European countries. The issue of abortion in our country governs the Czech National Council Act no. 66/1986 Coll., about abortion and the Ministry of Health Decree no. 75/1986 Coll., implementing the Czech National Council Act no. 66/1986 Coll., about abortion. Abortion is possible only in cases set by the legislation; its breach may have criminal consequences. Euthanasia is illegal in terms of the Czech law and the punishment for this crime is regulated by Act no. 40/2009 Coll., The Criminal Code. Each country solves the problem of abortion and euthanasia in different ways, the result is generally the criminal legislation, which is often very different.
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Potratovost obyvatelstva České republiky, časový vývoj a prostorová diferencovanost
FIKAROVÁ, Nikola
Bachelor thesis devotes to abortion of the population in the Czech Republic. The work is concerned with analysis of this demographic process from time view, but also from the place view with concentrating on regions and districts of Czechia. Primary goal was to collect statistical information about the abortions in Czech Republic. There is laid stress on catching the changes in abortion's legislation development in the work. Those changes were applied in data monitoring of abortions in Czech Republic. The work content was to evaluate the abortions using indicators as gross rate of abortions or abortion's index. There was paid attention to characteristic of the abortions with the respect to spontaneous abortion or termination of the pregnancy. The results of research are presented using the tables, charts and maps.
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Legal and ethical status of the human embryo through the eyes of the young generation
WÁGNEROVÁ, Lucie
There has been the question of the approach to the unborn human foetus which has been dealt with for many years. The moral, ethic or legal questions appear during the discussions. In this context we could find many different opinions related to the upbringing, religion or morality. It is hard to find any general agreement. Nowadays there are new questions connected to the intervention of reproduction, the research of embryo cells or the issues of abortion, which is perceived as the women's right. There are about 44 billions of abortions these days. According to these problems there is the need of the social discussion about the understanding of embryo and when we can consider it as a human being. The theoretical part of my bachelor thesis deals with the legal point of view to the role of human embryo and its securing in our legal system. The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which is a part of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, determines that everybody has the right for living as well as the human life should be protected before the delivery. There is not and there also cannot be determined clearly when the human life begins. The answer for this question is connected to the moral and ethic principles. My thesis deals with the different points of view to this question, if the fertilized ovum is or is not the human. There are also many various arguments about when we can consider the genesis of human life. The answer for these questions is not clear and we cannot find out the definite concordance. The other part of my thesis deals with ethic dilemmas connected to the abortion and the intervention to the reproduction as well as the problems of cloning. The practical part of my bachelor's thesis deals with the legal and ethic status of embryo mainly to the questions of the genesis of human life and the problems of the abortion. This thesis do not provide the clear answer to the question since when we can date the genesis of the life but it represents the opinions of the young generation (18 - 30 years old). The main aim of the research was to find out the point of view of the young people in the Czech Republic. There were questions about the reaction to the unborn child, the genesis of human life, who decides about the life of the unborn child and the abortion. I compare the questions according to the sex, ages, religion and parenthood. The practical part was made by the quantitative research questionnaires. It consists of 250 respondents who were asked by the on-line or printed questionnaire. It was chosen the young generation between 18 - 30 years old. The questionnaire contains seven fact-finding questions and four distinctive ones. It was worked with the data which were acquired from the questionnaire. The first hypothesis, 50% of respondents believe that the human life begins with the conception, was not confirmed. There were only 30% of respondents who believe that question. The second hypothesis, the approval of abortion, was confirmed because there were 90% respondents who agreed. The third hypothesis could not be confirmed. In the discussion the results were compared with the opinions of the authors from the theoretical part of my thesis. The end of my thesis deals with the general results. We cannot find the right answer to the question of the beginning of human life. Every person has a subjective point of view. We should realize every possible risks and think about who has the right to intervene to the substance of human life and how far can technology goes. This bachelor's thesis do not have the clear opinion but it provides the facts and the suggestion for thinking for creating its own attitude to these questions.
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Infection in pregnancy
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis on the topic of infection in pregnancy is divided into theoretical and research part. The roles of a midwife in the field of infection in pregnancy are described in the theoretical part. Furthermore there is description of chosen bacterial, viral and parasitic infections that is based on professional literature. Symptoms, diagnostics, therapy in pregnancy and the influence of infection on pregnancy or foetus are characterised for every type of infection. The research part of this bachelor theses focuses on the finding of knowledge of pregnant women and mothers of one or more children about infectious diseases in pregnancy and their prevention. We were also investigating, if women were informed about infections in pregnancy and their prevention during prenatal care, then who provides them the information and to what extent. Quantitative research was chosen for the research investigation and the data were collected with the technique of questionnaire survey. Distribution of the questionnaires was made electronically. Total amount of respondents was 140, of which 86 were primiparas and 54 were multiparas. The collected data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2010 programme and to verify the validity of hypothesis the chi-quadrate test with 5% level of importance was used. The research showed that multiparas have more knowledge than primiparas. Hypothesis 1, which presupposed that awareness of prevention of infectious diseases in pregnancy of multiparas is higher than of primiparas, was confirmed. Hypothesis 2, which presupposed that the awareness of multiparas of the impact of infectious diseases on foetus is higher than of primiparas was confirmed as well. However, one disturbing finding was that pregnant women are in most cases not informed about the prevention and impact of infections in pregnancy during their prenatal care. Hypothesis 3 presupposed that midwives educate the primiparas more than multiparas and this hypothesis was not confirmed. According to the results of this research, it is necessary to put greater emphasis on the education of pregnant women in the field of infections in pregnancy and this education should be provided by both midwives and doctors during prenatal care. The emphasis should be put mostly on prevention and in the case of occurrence of some infection the emphasis should be laid on early treatment of infection. This bachelor thesis can be used as educational material for pregnant women or for women, who are planning to get pregnant. The thesis can also become a source of information for students of healthcare fields, for midwives and for other healthcare staff.
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Abortion and its consequences
ROZMILEROVÁ, Martina
The topic of the thesis is abortion and its aftermath. Abortion and its problematics is an actual and very discussed topic. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is description of abortion, its methods which are broken down by the length of pregnancy of women and complications, which can originate from the artificial abortion. In the theoretical part there also is the description of historical development of abortion from the antiquity to the 21. century. At the end of the thesis there is a chapter about ethics connected with abortion. There were two objectives of the practical part. The first one was to find out stance that women take on abortion and its aftermath. The second one was to describe stances midwives take on abortion. Scientific qualitative research was done using semi-structured individual interviews. Gynecologists, questioned midwives and women were all acquainted with the topic of the thesis, scientific objectives and questions. Agreements of cooperation were signed to ensure involved people about their anonymity. The interviews were conducted in April and May in 2017 in the homes of the respondents. There were fifteen open questions prepared. The first 4 questions were for finding out the basic identification data of the women, and the following eleven questions were about the abortions, its complications and aftermath. The interviews with midwives were conducted from April to June 2017, in the chosen gynecological ambulances in the area South Bohemian region. For this interview there were 13 open questions about abortion and complications connected with it. These interviews were rewritten to a written form and analyzed using the method of thematic content. Main and submain categories were also specified using the analyzed data. The data from the interviews with the women were divided into three main categories which were expanded by seven subcategories. The data from the interviews with the midwives were divided into four main categories which were completed by nice subcategories. The results of the scientific investigation show that majority of questioned women takes negative stance on abortion. Five out of eight questioned women think that abortion is important part of lives of women and also a choice every woman can make without the need to explain or defend herself. Only three respondents took a negative stance on abortion. Two women said their stance is strongly influenced by their Christian belief. Only one woman said that her negative stance on abortion is because of her own conviction. Similar to the opinion of the women midwives take neutral stance on abortion. Only one out of five questioned midwives took a negative stance on abortion, but she also said that she doesn't let her opinion influence her work and professional approach to woman and her understanding of her decision. The results of this investigation can be used as a source of information for midwives in terms of educating women about interruption and its aftermath. This thesis is also suitable as a source of information about this problematic to women.
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Issue of Abortion
Váňa, Miroslav ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis is aimed at problems of abortion and simultaneously of a different view of theological and biological sciences that deal with these problems. Concurrently, it is necessary to offer an essential outline of basic embryological and medical processes which enable understanding the given problem in view of importance of this situation. On the one hand the thesis presents legal essentials related to the topic in a historical legal context, on the other hand it does not exclude contemporary trends. It regards the given problems through a point of view of various Christian churches as well as world religious streams. It refers to negative health consequences of miscarriage and induced abortion but in the same time it presents basic information about contraception and differentiation of contraceptive and interceptive means. The thesis also presents opinions of individual churches that express their view of contraception or interception. The author of this thesis thinks critically over these thoughts and invites readers to create their own reflection of given problems. He tries to outline a wide range of these problems in the new, wider and often ignored point of view, that is of father's view. A father is often totally ignored during an abortion though he is actually a half-donor of...
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Young people and their view at planned parenthood
Zadražilová, Lucie ; Antovová, Michaela (advisor) ; Svačinová, Kornélia (referee)
The purpose of my bachelor´s thesis on the theme Young People and Their View of the Planned Parenthood is to find out trends and links in the Czech Republic concerning the mentioned problematics. The additional part of this work hold the conducted surveys. With the help of these surveys we can find out the opinion of people at the ideal age for birth of a child, ideal and planned number of children, the importance of the marriage for bringing up children, distribution of parental roles and lastly the attitude of young people to unintentional pregnancy. The part of the thesis is here also the historical schema of transformation in connection with paternal and maternal action and behaviour. The investigation was put through the analysis of the trends of fertility since 1989 until the present time. Thanks to this was deduced that with process of years the total fertility fell very significantly in comparison to the former investigated year that was the year 1989. At the specific rates of fertility I came to the conclusion from which we can deduce lowering intensity and simultaneously increase in the age of mothers. The thesis also presents the basic features of parenthood, its definition and coherences. At the same time the attention is paid to the planned parenthood and contraception that are very closely connected to the aim of having children, because women use these means against unwanted pregnancy very plentifully at the present time. Motherhood and fatherhood is now very carefully planned and it leads to its significant postponing to later age. Thanks to careful planning there is smaller amount of abortions. Lastly there is mentioned the topic assisted reproduction, which is sought-after even by younger women, mainly through the metod ICSI. Through the practiced surveys there was also confirmed and gave the evidence about the fact that people plan children in their later age and there is decrease in interest in early parenthood in total. According to the expectation the ideal and planned number of children remains at the number of two and at the same time the traditional model of the family is disappearing over the years.
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Perceiving of the Beginning of Life and Selected Chapters in Context of Social Work
Bínová, Markéta ; Stretti, Sylvie (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on various approaches to the issue of perception of life and personality. This concept is discussed in the first chapter and it is following by biological description of prenatal development, the approach of philosophical anthropology and the Catholic approach. In conclusion, there is a description of the context of social work, such as the expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis, abortion, or birth of a dead child. Keywords Perception of life, personality, prenatal development, philosophical anthropology, Catholic approach, social work, crisis, abortion, prenatal diagnostic, dead fetus syndrome. Summary The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to introduce different approaches to the perception of the beginning of life and personality. This subject can be grasped from different points of view that affect each other or they are interdependent. I also focused on defining the notion of personality. In the following chapters, there were presented various approaches of understanding this issue, namely biological approach, philosophical anthropology and Catholic approach. At the end I focused on the possible context of social work that I see in the possibility of various crisis situations. These may be expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis,...
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