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Capital adequacy of banks - grounds, development and prospects of its regulation
Nádvorník, Petr ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Dřevínek, Karel (referee)
xi Abstract This thesis aims to provide eclectic legal and economic insight into the history, current principles and possible future development of bank capital adequacy regulation. We have worked with a variety of legal and economic literature and official Basel Committee publications. Our goal was to explore the economic background behind the Basel standards and find its legal ramifications and the incentives they create. In the first chapter, we analyze the economic rationale for banking regulation, explain possible methods of bank capital regulation and juxtapose them with other means of regulatory measures in the field of banking. The first chapter also gives overview of the Basel I framework, its implementation process, describes its utilization of new regulatory techniques, as well as its weaknesses. Second chapter provides overview of Basel II approval process and discusses its transparency and institutionary framework. Problematic issues of CRD directive in the Czech Republic are discussed in contrast with norms of due legislation process. In the next chapter, we describe the mechanics of the Basel II framework. In greater detail, we focus on the issues of securitization, off-balance sheet exposures and methods of "promise-shifting" in the financial system. Examples are used to illustrate the...
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The central bank, its scope of activities and legal status
Volfová, Klára ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Dřevínek, Karel (referee)
The central bank, its activities and position Abstract Central banks are in today's global banking system an indispensable part of a stable functioning market economies. I was always interested in these issues. I studied these issues in another master's degree course. The subject of this thesis is the central banking system in the Czech Republic and in the European Union. In the first chapter I focus on definition of banking and on the characteristics of three models of the banking system (single-stage, two-and three-stage banking system). The second chapter is the largest of all chapters. In this chapter I deal with the formation of Monetary Union, the creation of the European central banking system and the foundation of the European Central Bank. I analyze the legal base of European Central Bank, its organizational structure, issuing of legal acts, the capital. I deal with the introduction of the euro in member and non-member countries too. Special attention is paid the independence of the European Central Bank. I analyze its institutional, personal, financial, material and budgetary independence. The conclusion of this chapter deals with the preparations for the introduction of the euro in the Czech Republic. In the third chapter I describe the historical development of European central banking and the...
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Resolving banking crises
Juhász, Michal ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the banking crisis and aims to account for different approaches to the understanding of the nature of banking crisis. The Thesis further aims to provide answers why the banking crisis are caused and why so far there are no measures that would effectivelly prevent such crisis. At first, the Thesis states the definition of banking with the emphasis on banks as the institutional backbone of the current functioning of the financial system. The Thesis pays specific attention to the characteristics of two basic legal banking instruments, particulary loans and deposits. While acknowledging the loan expansion, the thesis argues the role of regulatory authorities and the limits of their competences in regards to the prevention of crisis. Followingly, the Thesis offers a view on a banking crisis phenomenon with appropriate historical overview outlining the banking crisis in Czechoslovakia in years 1918 to 1939 and after 1989, the loan expension influence on the business cycles and approaches to banking crisis solving in respect to stabilization of the banking system and restructuring of banks. At last but not least, the Thesis sums up the global financial crisis that started as a banking crisis, respectively as a crisis of one segment of the banking market in the United States...
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Supervision in banking industry
Kubáňová, Klára ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
The aim of submitted thesis Supervision in banking is to define the nature and the importance of banking supervision, to justify its existence and to analyze the applicable mechanisms while the system of banking regulation and supervision in this thesis is primarily examined in the European context, with a focus on the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the financial system and the importance of banks in this system, it defines the characteristics of banking systems, provides the definition of the term bank and describes the banking system and the banking environment in the Czech Republic. The second chapter focuses on general aspects of banking regulation and supervision, it defines and distinguishes these concepts; furthermore, it specifies its objectives and deals with the arguments against banking regulation and supervision. The third chapter analyzes the various instruments of banking regulation, in particular the banking license, and other particular requirements, including but not limited to capital adequacy requirement. The chapter also deals with the compulsory deposits insurance and the position of the central bank as a lender of last resort. The fourth chapter focuses on banking supervision, which involves mainly the examination...
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The relationship between central banks and commercial banks
Růžek, Lukáš ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the relationship of the central bank with commercial banks. A central bank perform important functions, and thus it has its own set of competencies needed to achieve its objectives. To those functions belong, above all, participation in creation of binding legal acts and supervision over banking institutions. The Czech National Bank is the central bank of the Czech Republic, and its activities and status are governed, especially, by Act. No. 6/1993 Coll., on the Czech National Bank, as amended. This diploma thesis is divided into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical framework of central banking. The second section is focused on the Czech National Bank and its powers and functions. The last section deals with the development of banking regulation on the international level. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to identify individual interactions between the Czech National Bank and commercial banks.
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The Legal Regulation of Banking Activities
Martinů, Katrin ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
The Legal Regulation of Banking Activities Abstract The subject of this diploma thesis is the legal regulation of the activities of banks. Emphasis is placed on newly regulated areas and topical areas in respect to legislative changes. The primary aim of the thesis is to analyse areas related to the activities of banks and to assess the suitability and sufficiency or redundancy of the legal regulation of the selected areas in terms of the scope and depth of regulation. In this context, the work is complemented by proposals de lege ferenda. The first section is devoted to the subjects of banking regulation. Within this part, the term "bank" is defined, including the assessment of online banks. After that, supervisors, namely the Czech National Bank and the European Banking Authority, are presented together with an outline of their functions. The following section covers the general basis of the regulation of bank activities. The sources of regulation are described, and the objectives and reasons for and against regulation are outlined. A description of processes for entering and exiting the banking sector are included, with a more detailed analysis of procedures for obtaining a banking license. The third section contains an analysis of the selected obligations of banks arising from the legislation regulating...
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Banking Regulation in the Czech Republic
Hanel, David ; Dupáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Seknička, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with the current legislation of banking regulation in the Czech Republic. It analyzes both Czech and relevant European regulation that has increasing importance in the area. Moreover, the most significant amendments enacted as a result of the Basel III implementation are pointed out. The issue is viewed from an interdisciplinary perspective therefore, in addition to the analysis of current legislation, its economic impact on the Czech banking sector is also evaluated. Due to the enormous breadth of the banking regulation field, this thesis focuses on examining the areas considered most essential by the author. The first introductory chapter lays down the theoretical foundations of banking and banking regulation and thoroughly defines the term "bank", both legally and economically. The second chapter deals with banking licensure, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of accessing the activity of banks. It analyzes the requirements that have to be met in order to be authorized, as well as the issue of the single EU passport and the withdrawal of the authorization. The third chapter deals with the wide and significant area of banking risks. The discussion assesses the nature of each risk, as well as methods for their measurement and management, and capital requirements. The predominant...
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An alternative view on Czech banking sector's riskiness
Kubeš, Jan ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Troch, Tomáš (referee)
Riskiness of Czech banking sector is subject of interest of this thesis. Since the beginning of 21st century, there is moderately growing number of banks and their overall profitability expressed in absolute values is increasing. Ratio of non-performing loans to total loans is also displaying optimistic values. Four indicators of riskiness are studied through data about Czech banks from 2008 to 2015. These indicators are: z-score, leverage ratio, RWA density and ratio of non- performing loans to total loans. Rather low correlations among these indicators are found, the highest correlation (0,670) is between leverage ratio and RWA density, on the other hand the lowest one (0,093) is between z-score and NPL ratio. In aggregate form are three of the indicators displaying stable trend to lower riskiness in 2008-2015 period, the same can be stated about NPL ratio in 2010-2015 period. Then is regression analysis employing fixed effects estimation and random effects estimation used, with the aim to identify determinants of the four indicators. Size of banks expressed in logarithm of total assets is significant in only one model with RWA density on the place of dependent variable. This significance is at 10 per cent level and corresponding coefficient is negative. In contrary, growth of assets and dummy...
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The relationship between central banks and commercial banks
Růžek, Lukáš ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the relationship of the central bank with commercial banks. A central bank perform important functions, and thus it has its own set of competencies needed to achieve its objectives. To those functions belong, above all, participation in creation of binding legal acts and supervision over banking institutions. The Czech National Bank is the central bank of the Czech Republic, and its activities and status are governed, especially, by Act. No. 6/1993 Coll., on the Czech National Bank, as amended. This diploma thesis is divided into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical framework of central banking. The second section is focused on the Czech National Bank and its powers and functions. The last section deals with the development of banking regulation on the international level. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to identify individual interactions between the Czech National Bank and commercial banks.
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Regulation of financial markets: Islam vs. conventional financial systems
Valachová, Sára ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Borkovec, Aleš (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This theses deals with the nature of Islamic banks and their products in the context of the regulation of financial markets and banking. Islamic banking can be understood as a banking activity that is consistent with sharia - Islamic law. Despite considerable obstacles that Islamic banking has faced in the past, it now occupies a significant and growing portion of the global financial system. In the first part, I will introduce the principles of Islamic law, on which Islamic banking is built, along with the key principles of Islamic finance. Special attention is also paid to the recent history of Islamic banking. Following is a section dealing with selected banking products offered by Islamic banks, whose understanding is crucial for the comprehension of the specific challenges that Islamic banks are facing. The second part is devoted to the issues of regulation of Islamic banks. Firstly, an overview of international regulatory institutions operating in the field of Islamic finance is given and I further explore the question of the impact of Basel III measures on Islamic banks. Due to its nature, Islamic banks are in need of further internal and external audit which examines compliance of their activities with Islamic law. This work is carried out by Sharia Supervisory Boards...
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