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Comparison of Střezovská rokle natural monument with similar brown caol post-mining sites developing under the spontaneous succession
Drozenová, Veronika ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Minerals resources mining leads to soil degradation in the area of north Czech. Extensive dumps form because of brown coal mining. Unnecessary material of mining place imposes there.
These areas are rehabilitated due to recovery of landscape. Natural of renewe procedures are more valuable biologically spontaneous ekological succession especially.These successional areas have been compared with similar protected territory. Its name is Střezovská Rokle. To compare I have used sample group of Aculeata Hymenoptera. In ravine six areas have been compared with six dumps with active primary succession (dump Radvesická, Obránců míru, Velebudická and Vršanská). All of these are situated to Severočeská hnědouhelná pánev.
Acuelata insect is from three salvages (may, june, july). I have used technique traps of Moerick.
Overall 176 kinds of Acuelta hymenoptera insect have been found out in both locations.They have classified according to taxanomic inclusion. There are three menials (apoidea, vespoidea, chrysidoidea). Some detected kinds of insect have been significant types which have been determined by Red List.
Altogether 45 kinds of insect have been registred in both locations. 8 types have been registred in Střezovská Rokle and 37 kinds at dumps. They are compartmentalized to few categories by vulnerability. The biggest prevailing menial is Crabronidae. It reaches the biggest abundance in Střezovská Rokle (6 kinds) and in dumps as well.
Occurrence of significant kinds at dumbs surpasses protected territory Střezovská Rokle positively.
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Change of water habitats characteristics on technicaly unreclaimed spoil banks.
Ščudlová, Zuzana ; Solský, Milič (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
Amphibian decline in recent decades has led to increasing emphasis on monitoring amphibian population abundances. Efforts to assess the condition of each amphibian populations greatly complicate significant natural fluctuations in population size. This may occur particularly in the case of short-term studies that currently prevail. Spoil banks represent a suitable environment for a range of environmental studies. Often these places are not in direct influence of human activities, thus offering the possibility of studying natural processes. On the Hornojiřetínská spoil bank (approximately 6 km2) has been underway since 2005, abundance monitoring of agile frog (Rana dalmatina) and recording and selecting characteristics of water bodies. At the spoil bank is located about 400 aquatic habitats. 225 of them are continuously monitored the development of aquatic habitats and 134 monitored abundance of agile frog. Development of aquatic habitats is not routinely examined unlike development of terrestrial environment. Results showed that the depth of the pond is reduced, surroundings were overgrown and insolation of water level has fallen. Only littoral vegetation showed no change. Abundance of agile frog fluctuated more than 10 times during the studied period, but the data manifested no trends. Decreases slightly outnumbered increases (6 vs. 4), exhibited greater range (1.07 to 6.40 versus 1.69 to 2.40) and and occurred within a longer consecutive period (5 vs. 2 years). Furthermore, it was strong correlation between total abundance and occupied ponds. The results of this study point to the need to establish an appropriate management and the necessity of long-term studies for a correct understanding population dynamics of amphibians.
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Relationship inhabitants to the landscape Příbram dumps
Káčerek, Pavel ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hiršová, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis will be dealt with the relationship of the population to the countryside Pribram dumps. Existing relationship and the attitude of the population will be studied on a sample of residents who live near the dumps. Method for this research will be a semi-structured interview specifically set out the issues related to the topic of the thesis. Existing and possible intention Pribram spoil the landscape completely remove residents should under-courage to express their attitudes, beliefs and emotional ties to this topic. In the final, should have been a complete picture of the relationship of the population to the countryside, which will serve as an important factor in the process of managerial decision making.
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Hydraulic conductivity under various recultivated growth
CEJPEK, Jiří
Velka podkrusnohorska spoil heap in the Sokolovsko region is the largest heap in the Czech republic, which was created by transfering millions of tons of soil from opencast mining of brown coal. According to a large measuring (large land surveying) of physical and chemical properties on the reclaimed and unreclaimed heap soil were found many hydrological properties. Hydraulic conductivity was measured by Guelph permeameter, moisture was measured by Dielectrical indicator of moisture and last but not least soil carbonates Ca was measured by Janek`s carbonmeter. Water mode and percantual representation of carbonates is markedly influenced by the technology of sending and by the age of heaps of both types, differencies between bottom parts and top parts on unreclaimed soil are conclusive due to crevasses on the top parts. The other factor is the presence of reclaimed vegetation, which have an important role in the pedogenic process.
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Reaction of Soil Rotifers on Chemical Stress in Substrates of Spoil Heaps
BIZOS, Jiří
Abundance and species composition of soil rotifer communities was investigated in two seasons and six sites on dumps in the Sokolov mining area (Czech Republic). Every site was split into three plots, which differed in toxicity for vegetation and chemical composition of spoil material. The ability of soil rotifers to live in environment of spoil materials and the effect of pollution were studied in field conditions. According to results, abundance and species composition did not correspond to chemical environmental characteristics. Species composition of rotifer communities was affected by environmental variables such as vegetation, more likely than direct effect of chemical composition of spoil material.
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The influence of the type of post - mining areas restoration on vertebrates biodiversity - the model group of birds
SOBÍŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
One way how to assess restoration success is to examine the biodiversity in the ``newly created{\crq}q areas. Birds have been chosen as indicators of biodiversity because of their ability to adapt and thus indicate the environmental quality. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the biodiversity of birds in differently reclaimed areas of spoil heap in Sokolov Brown Coal Basin. A simple method of visual and acoustic observations was chosen, because it allows us to identify most species correctly without disturbing their populations. In total, 19 bird species were found. The wetland localities were the richest in bird biodiversity, the forestry reclaimed areas were the second and the poorest biodiversity was in agriculturally restored areas. The results show that wetlands are important not only for water regime and water quality of restored areas, but also for their biodiversity.
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The influence of the type and age of post-mining areas restoration on biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals.
MIKLAS, Bořek
The aim of the study was to compare different types and ages of restoration from the small mammal biodiversity perspective. In 2004, three linear and two quadratic trappings of small terrestrial mammals were performed at the Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap. Linear trappings were repeated in 2009 and quadratic were repeated in 2010. In 2004, 174 small mammals in the linear trappings and 199 small mammals in the quadratic trappings were captured. We found, that the wetland localities were the richest in small mammal diversity, the forestry restored areas were second ones, and the agriculturally restored areas were the poorest ones. During the repeated trappings, 45 small mammals in linear trappings and 64 small mammals in quadratic trappings were captured. A decrease of both abundance and biodiversity was recorded in the both types of trappings. The highest biodiversity was on wetland and forestry restored areas. The lowest biodiversity was on agriculturally restored areas. The highest abundance was on forestry sites during the linear trappings. The wetland areas were second ones and the lowest abundance was on agriculturally restored areas. Value of abundance in quadratic trappings was almost the same in wetland and forest habitats, whilst the abundance of agricultural areas was significantly lower. The results show the importance of wetland habitats, which are very important part of restoration and have a positive impact on the overall biodiversity in the landscape.
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The influence of the type of post-mining areas restoration on biodiversity {--} the model group of small mammals.
MIKLAS, Bořek
One way to assess restoration success is to examine the biodiversity in the newly created areas. We chose small mammals as biodiversity indicators because of their good reproductive capacity and invasive ability. The aim of the study was to compare different types of restoration from the small mammal biodiversity perspective. Small mammals were captured five times during the 2004 season at spoil heap localities with various types of restoration: agricultural, forest and wetland, using standard methods of capturing with snap traps in lines and quadrates.
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The influence of type of post-mining areas restoration on vertebrates biodiversity - the model group of amphibians and reptiles
ZILVAROVÁ, Veronika
Surface mining affects all components and functions of landscape. The destruction of ecosystems results in declining variability of landscape structure, which means also lowering of biodiversity and ecological stability. Areas of spoil heaps are consecutively colonized by new groups of organisms, depending on type of reclamations of these areas. The aim of study is to describe diversity of reptiles and amphibians on sites after brown coal mining reclaimed in different ways (Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap, Smolnická spoil heap) and at several localities in Slavkovský les surroundings. Theoretical part contains literal review of reptiles and amphibians diversity. Practical part includes herpetological research at the localities. The presence of Bufo calamita, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Rana lesonae, Rana Temporaria,Rana esculenta,Hyla arborea,Pelobates fuscus, Trituris cristatus, Triturus vulgaris,Triturus alpestris, Lacerta agilis, Natrix natrix was proved by field study during the years 2009 ? 1010. The work creates a part of larger long-term study evaluating reclamations of landscape affected by surface mining of brown coal in Podkrušnohoří area. The results will be connected with another vertebratological studies at the locality. The theme is supported by NAZV QH82106 and NPV 2B08006 projects.
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Succession of vegetation on dumps around the town of Kladno
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Helena
The rate and directions of spontaneous vegetation succession in relation to enviromental factors such as successional age, vegetation occuring in the surroundings, distance of studied plots from the edge of a dump, orientation to the cardinal points and the angle of the slope was studied in 19 spoil heaps from black coal mining around the town of Kladno, Czech Republic. The dumps ranged in age from 10 to more then 100 years since abandonment. Vegetation categories in the surroundings, age and angle of the slope significantly influenced the course of the succession, which led to a formation of either shrubwood or woodland with especially Acer platanoides , A. pseudoplatanus and Tilia cordata, including the invasive species Robinia pseudacacia. Based on the results it was concluded that technical reclamation is unsuitable for the dumps except for small parts where native species of trees can be planted or for the slopes that need to be protected against erosion. The research was conducted from 2005 to 2007.
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