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Probiotics and prebiotics and their co-encapsulation
Šnajdarová, Karolína ; Bokrová, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on study of probiotic cultures and options of coencapsulation with specific substrates called prebiotics. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve were used as encapsulated microorganisms. As the specific substrates inulin, psyllium, apple fiber and hemp fiber were tested. Prebiotics was added to probiotics both in untreated form and in hydrolyzed form. The stability and viability of the cells have been studied by microscopy for the period of 6 weeks. Particles were stored in the enviroment of 2.5% citric acid. As the best substrate for cell growth the hemp fiber was found. The hemp fiber exhibited the highest increase of cells count. During observation of long-term stability in the model digestive conditions, particles with hemp fiber were destroyed in instestinal juices. For that reason, particles with hemp fiber could be used in food supplements with targeted transport. The bachalor thesis is also focused on characterisation of prebiotics components. The highest amount of total sugars in the group of non-hydrolyzed prebiotics exhibited psyllium. The highest content of reducing sugars both in the groups of non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed prebiotic had hemp fiber. By the method of thin-layer chromatography was found out that the main components of hydrolyzed prebiotics are glucose and fructose. Further, some disaccharides and oligosaccharides were obtained by TLC analysis. For characterisation of prebiotics by HPLC the column Rezex exhibited better sensitivity. HPLC analysis confirmed that the main components of prebiotics are glucose and fructose, some more complex carbohydrates were found too.
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Probiotics and prebiotics - a study of interactions, effects and co-encapsulation
Vrtná, Monika ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation probiotics and co-encapsulation with some types of prebiotics. In theoretical part is aimed to probiotics, their general characteristics and application of probiotics in food industry. There are described prebiotics and their classification, there is described principles of encapsulation and encapsulation techniques. Methods, which are used for analysis of particles and encapsulation components were introduced too. The experimental part describes methods of prebiotics characterization by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Cultivation of probiotics with prebiotics - hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed wad tested. Using flow cytometry cell viability was measured too. Finally probiotics and prebiotics were encapsulated, mainly by encapsulator machine. Long-term stability of particles during 6 week storage was observed. The particles were exposed to effect of artificial intestinal, gastric and bile juices.
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Development of probiotic dietary supplement
Krahulcová, Aneta ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
The thesis deals with a theme of probiotic mikroorganisms which are aplicated as a dietary supplement. Health benefit on the host have been known for a long time, however, there might be some negative effects affecting a consumer. In connection with this observation defining requirements and evaluating of safety of probiotics in food was necessary. The new probiotic dietary supplement can not be expanded on the market without these processes. Every strain must be tested separately on each property. The ability of rezistance against conditions inside human gastrointestinal tract belongs to the most basic tests. The aim of the practical part is testing this ability of rezistance in vitro by simulated conditions. The model of gastrointestinal juices was designed according to the Czechoslovak codex. The form contributes to the higher rezistance of probiotics within implementing to the host. Also a dosage form of probiotics was involved to a in vitro testing.
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Probiotics and prebiotics in food and other products
Langová, Denisa ; Havlíková, Šárka (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
Theoretical part of this thesis focuses on present state and research of probiotics and prebiotics, their use for microflora modulation of host and their beneficial effects on the health of individuals. Furthermore thesis deals with efficiency of probiotics strains, which depends on the food matrix and other various factors. The experimental part focuses on the identification of chosen bacterial strain, which is contained in probiotics product. It is realized due the isolation of bacterial DNA by phenol extraction and by use of magnetic particles and subsequent analysis of obtained DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Food products with probiotics
Zemanová, Tereza ; Valicová, Markéta (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
Fermented dairy products containing probiotic microorganisms which are distinguished by favorable effects on the intestinal microflora, are in present time consumed in large quantities. Products range in which microorganisms are contained in recent years expanded greatly. On the market are currently available not only milk, but also meat or vegetable products of this type. The aim of work was to get acquainted with probiotic microorganisms, a description of their use in food industry, and whether they have for us “Homo sapiens sapiens,, favorable or unfavorable effects. In the practical part of work was showed the presence of probiotic bacteria in fermented dairy product using the polymerase chain reaction methods.
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Possibilities of use of food supplements in prevention and health care calves
PÁNIKOVÁ, Monika
The basis for a successful cattle production is the proper care taking of pregnant cows as well as a sufficient care taking of the new-born calves. During the last years, a big attention has been given to this area because the higher farming quality the higher economic benefits and the lower losses in meat and milk yield will be respectively. For this reason, an influence of different feed supplements (Lactovita, Biopolym, Homeopathics) on haematological and biochemical parameters as well as an effect on weight gain and amounts of microorganisms in new-born calves has been studied. The specific aim of this thesis is to evaluate an influence of these supplements on incidences of diarrhea, microbial activity and to assess its effect on selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters. Three experimental and one control group (ten calves per each) were set up in the chosen company. The experimental groups had a modified feeding ratio between the first and the fourth week of life the calves received either colostrum + 5ml "PVB" homeopathic or colostrum + 5 ml "Biopolym" prebiotics or colostrum + 1 pill of "Lactovita", while the control group received colostrum without supplement. The first day after birth, a blood sample and a microbial smear sample were taken. Second sample collection was carried out in the fourth week of life. The calves were weighed every week. Obtained data were processed graphically and in tables and were statistically evaluated. The influence of mentioned feed additives on weight gain and diarrhea occurrence was evaluated from the obtained results. The most of haematological and biochemical parameters have approximately the same values compared to those found by other authors. There were no significant differences in monitored parameters in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, no influence was found on blood parameters. Only in case of zinc a significant difference was found between treated groups and control (p=0,0012). Changes between the treated groups (independently on control) were observed in haematocrit, total protein content, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Non-significant differences between the tested groups and control were found in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, glycaemia, urea, LF, GMT, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. No impact of tested supplements was found on microbial composition. A positive effect of Lactovita, Biopolym and Homeopathic compared to the control group was found in case of weight gain. The obtained results show some positive trends which should be a subject for further research, where total amount of calves per groups is increased to reduce variability.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of pheasants
ŠÍP, Pavel
The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Ascophyllum nodosum), probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum), homeopathics, Sulfacox and scrap from the seed by Vitis vinifera. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 26.7.2014 to 5.10.2014. Six groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 15 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Ascophyllum nodosum, homeopatics and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of chickens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Taking preventive measures has a major impact on the overall health status of poultry in every breeding and it can prevent considerable economic losses in this way. The aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge about the occurence of coccidia oocysts in the faeces and the occurrence of pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens after the use of selected feed supplements. Experiment was made during winter 2013 and summer 2014 with 250 specimens of one-day broiler chickens. Four experimental groups (prebiotics, probiotics, homeopathy, coccidiostats) and one control group were created. Treated groups were administered by Selected feed supplements were served to chickens during 14 days since the sixth day of their life. Mixed faeces samples were collected twice a week and processed in the laboratory. Also the frequency of coccidia oocysts was monitored under the light microscope. Intestines were collected during the slaughters of chickens (five pieces from every group) and tested to confirm or disprove pathological changes associated with coccidiosis of poultry. Intestines were collected three times after seven days. The Reduced frequency of occurrence of coccidia oocysts in faeces of chickens in all groups of the winter and the summer trial period was demonstrated, while pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were not proved.
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The basic aspects of nutrition and evaluation of selected haematological and biochemical parameters in the blood in calves
POBORSKÁ, Anna
Healthy and well fed calves are the main prerequisite for high performances. The aim is to evaluate the concept of nutrition of calves and assess the dynamics of selected haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in the sample of agricultural holdings, depending on the influence of selected dietary supplements. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural cooperative Krásna hora nad Vltavou a.s. on the farm Perovice, where they breed Holstein cattle. There were three groups of calves - one control and two experimental. The test groups received dietary supplements to promote active immunity by the instruction. In the first group Lactovita dietary supplements, the latter group food supplement called Biopolym. The first blood sampling was performed from ages 5 to 7 days and a second collection has been made 3 weeks later. Findings and data analysis were summarized and evaluated. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2013.
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