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Non-specialists' awareness of alternative nutritional movements and their risks
Šafářová, Jana ; Chrpová, Diana (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
Nowadays alternative nutritional directions with all their forms are quite widespread. For many people, vegetarianism is not only skipping meat consumption, but also lifestyle. However, deliberate omission of certain types of food carries the risk of a deficit of some important substances. The aim of this thesis was to map awareness of lay people about vegetarianism and veganism. Find out if respondents know what excludes vegan diets, how they differ from vegetarianism and what the risks are. The theoretical part deals with vegetarianism and its division. The thesis focuses mostly on veganism. The theoretical part also contains principles of properly composed vegan diet according to the Czech vegan society. It also contains a description of substances which may be defficient in the vegetarian and vegan diet. It shows the functions of these substances in the body, in what foods they are found and how their deficiency manifests. The practical part was carried out by the quantitative method of the questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of the lay population most frequently at the age of 20- 29 years. A total of 146 respondents completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires showed that 88% of respondents were able to correctly describe what excludes vegan diet. This...
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Concentration of selected metals in traditional and herbal teas
Brlíková, Eliška ; Křikala, Jakub (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with determination of selected metals concentrations in loose green, black and herbal teas purchased in the Czech Republic and beyond. All samples were analyzed by ICP-OES. Most metals were not detected in the extracts. The final metal concentrations that have been detected in the tea extracts meet the legislative limits and do not bring a health risk to humans. The statistical processing of the measured results, based on different concentrations of selected elements, managed to distinguish the extracts from black and green teas.
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Evaluation of content levels of selected micro- and macro-elements in grain of fodder wheat cultivars produced within company RABBIT Trhový Štěpánov, a.s.
NERAD, František
The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the content parameters of a selected group of macro and micro-elements in wheat seed (Triticum aestivum) within a group of varieties (Elixer, Vanessa, Tobak, Bombus) for feed use. Grain samples obtained in an experiment conducted within the company Rabbit Trhový Štěpánov a.s. on three different sites. In addition to the analysis of the selected group of grain qualitative parameters, the yield parameters (number of plants and cobs per area and harvested grain volume per unit area) were also evaluated. The introductory part of the thesis focuses on general information on wheat, its importance and its use. Another part of the literary research focuses on the chemical composition of the grain, the quality of the wheat and the factors affecting the quality of the wheat. The most important and most extensive part of literary research focuses on general information on minerals and their importance in animal nutrition. The methodology of the work includes the presentation of Holding Rabbit Trhový Štěpánov a.s., characteristics of the varieties and habitats on which the experiment was carried out. Furthermore, of course, it contains the soil and climatic characteristics of the sites and methods used to obtain the assessed data. The final part of the work is devoted to the results, the discussion and the conclusion in which the achieved results are evaluated and compared. It should be added that the data were obtained in the framework of the experiment in close cooperation with Rabbit Trhový Štěpánov a.s. and the level of selected elements in the grain was determined in a certified laboratory according to standardized methodologies and standard operating procedures.
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Vegetarianism and pregnancy
Šimončičová, Renáta ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
Introduction: Master's thesis is focused on the problems facing vegetarianism during pregnancy. Further study is focused particularly on the exploration of pregnant vegetarian's dietary habits. Object: The theoretical part's target is to familiarise readers with vegetarianism and pregnant vegetarian's diet. The practical part is focused on pregnant vegetarian's dietary habits, finding if those women are drawn to alternatives relating to decisions regarding their own bodies and if they will follow a vegetarian diet with their children. Methods: The survey was conducted through an anonymous online questionnaire. The data obtained is represented in graphs and tables. One part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the data. Results: The theoretical part shows that compilation of a properly assembled vegetarian diet during pregnancy requires enough relevant information. The survey shows that the majority of respondents eat mostly varied food according to the principles of healthy nutrition with respect to vegetarianism. The greater part of the respondents tend to alternatives in relation to decisions about their own bodies. Absolute majority of respondents stated they are not going to lead or are not leading their children to vegetarianism. Conclusion: Proper preparation of meatless diet requires...
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Vitamin preparations during pregnancy
Matoušková, Karolína ; Ježková, Jana (advisor) ; Vítková, Hana (referee)
This thesis discusses problems of pregnancy and increased nutrient requirements with a focus on vitamins and minerals. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The aim is to identify those vitamins and minerals that may be deficient during pregnancy and thus their intake should be increased. The theoretical part describes the importance of particular elements for the specifics of pregnancy and possible symptoms of deficiency or excess, with the pregnancy orientation. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of selected multivitamin and multi mineral supplements which are intended for pregnant women. The main criterion is to ensure sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals during the increased demands of pregnancy. Evaluation is done by comparing two parameters - the recommended daily dose for pregnant women and the amount of micronutrients contained in the composition of given products. Content analysis was used as the data collection technique for the basic quantitative research. Finally, it discusses the usefulness of the administration of vitamin supplements during pregnancy, and whether a balanced diet is sufficient enough to meet the needs of the organism even in states where there may be some lack of vitamins and minerals. Key words: pregnancy ; nutrition ; vitamins ;...
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The study of various methods of preparation of the milk sample for milk analysis by ICP-OES technique
Kaňová, Veronika ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the chemical composition of cow’s milk, with the description of chosen methods of sample pretreatment and with the description of the used technique ICP-OES. The practical part is aimed at individual preparations of samples and at analysis of chosen chemical elements (Ca, Na, K and Mg). Milk is a really complicated polydisperse system, that’s the reason why the preparation of samples with milk is very important step before the measurement itself. In addition to accuracy choosing the sample adjustment method, other factors such as time, work intensity, or cost need to be considered when. In the thesis a comparison of four selected methods of sample preparation was made: direct analyse of milk, dilution with addition of Triton X-100, wet microwave ashing and destruction of matrix with TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide). Selected elements were analysed with the help of ICP-OES. This diploma thesis builds on the bachelor thesis, which deals with the same problem. Final concentrations were compared with certified values of skimmed powdered milk. Data showed that the most accurate are methods of preparation of wet microwave ashing and destruction of matrix with TMAH. By using these methods, the effect of the dairy matrix that caused problems in the analysis, was largely eliminated. The diluted samples with and without Triton X-100 showed a bigger anomaly of measuring than the mineralization of wet ashing which came to the loss of analyte because of fat elements contained in milk.
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The mineral content of forage influenced by previous varying intensity grazing
Pavlů, Klára ; Homolka, Petr (advisor) ; Filip, Filip (referee)
The mineral content of grassland is one of the key factors that determine its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal interval for the grazing and the optimal interval for the hay harvest in relation to the nutrient requirements for cattle and determine the dynamics of pasture forage yield and mineral content during the growing season. H0: Previous different grazing intensity has no effect on biomass yield and the mineral content in the following growing season. The experiment was performed on a long term grazing experiment in 2012 -- 2013, where during the growing season biomass samples were taken and subsequently analyzed for minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na). The sampling was carried out in treatments that have been since 1998 at the beginning of June mowed and then intensively or extensively grazed. During the sampling period the access of grazed animals to sampling sites was forbidden. Intensive or extensive grazing in the previous grazing season significantly affected the content of minerals and biomass yields. Especially at the beginning of the growing season the contents of N, Ca and Mg were higher in forage, which was in previous years, intensively grazed. After that, the differences between these two treatments were not significant. Diverse grassland with a higher proportion of herbs contained higher levels of calcium and magnesium. Because of lower K concentrations and higher Ca and Mg concentrations in the fodder there was no problem with tetanus ratio (K/Ca + Mg) by exceeding the limit value of 2.2. The present work shows that the optimal term for hay in mesophilic upland grassland the end of May to mid-June. In this time historically the first cut was conducted. After this period there are revealed such changes in the content of minerals, which significantly deteriorate the forage quality. Therefore, if the first cut after mid-June is postponed then compensatory payments under environmental schemes should progressively compensate financially losses
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Mineral waters of "Mariánské Lázně" and their use in balneology and in human health care
Hanzlíková, Veronika ; Matula, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Miháliková, Markéta (referee)
The town Mariánské Lázně is known as a spa town belonging to the so called West Bohemian Spa Triangle together with Karlovy Vary and Františkovy lázně, where they occupy the youngest place. The town became famous especially with mineral springs, with their amounts, where on the small territory of the town Mariánské Lázně rises about forty springs and in the close surroundings is their amount given to a hundred, primarily with composition of carbonic Seltzer water. Mineral springs are known here for its diverse composition, which are alleged to find in other spa towns of the Czech Republic and they are considered to be so called balneologic unique.
Mineral springs are waters with dissolved minerals, coming from local rocks such as granite, gneiss and amphibolite, then coming from various compounds. They are gas-charged with carbon dioxide, thanks to it are they called as a Seltzer water. On the presence of carbon dioxide affects Mariánskolázeňský zlom, bounding Tepelská vrchovina. Mineral springs of Mariánské Lázně are gas-charged from 2,5 to 3 g/l. Their mineralization is a medium to very strong, moving in large span from 3000 mg/l to 11 570 mg/l. From the viewpoint of temperature, it is about cold mineral waters with their temperature of 6 °C to 10 °C.
The cure with mineral springs has been known since 18th Century, when the then doctors were analyzing and researching on individuals their therapeutic effects. The most important doctor, who treated patients with mineral springs as a first person and also had appropriately positive results, was MUDr. Jan Josef Nehr, whose personality is very popular for the town.
The spa treatment, or balneotherapy has its own meaning till today. In Mariánské Lázně, it is used external and internal balneology, whose best known procedures are especially drinking water treatment, then mineral baths, body wrap, subcutaneous application of spring gas, or inhalation. Doctor always prescribe treatment, with respect to patients´s health condition. Primary diseases, which are in Mariánské Lázně treated is illness of digestive tract, then illness of kidneys or airways. Balneotherapy is treatment combining mutually spa procedures, where climate of spa environment performs important role too.
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Vliv výživy matky na vývoj plodu
Vašková, Petra
This thesis deals with the importance of the diet of pregnant women during pregnancy on the developing fetus. Sufficient and proper nutrition before and during pregnancy is important to allow fetal growth, to mental and intellectual development of the full potential. Nutrition affects fetal health during childhood and adulthood, with possible impact on the next generation. It is emphasized the importance of essential nutrients, macroelements and microelements, which are important in pregnancy, along with diet recommendations. Unbalanced, inadequate or, conversely, excessive intake of individual food components, or consumption of risk aliment may lead, for example, to congenital malformations, low birth weight, in serious cases even to abortion. The main goal of this thesis is to describe the importance of the individual components of the diet in pregnancy, give current scientific information on the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal development, assess the risks, arising from the lack or excess of certain ingredients and propose a recommended daily dose of nutrients.
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Významné obsahové látky u vybraného druhu zeleniny
Jacková, Zdenka
Bachelor thesis is focused on description of important content substances in Daucus carota L. Experimental part is focused on monitoring and evaluating of content substances in nine picked cultivars: 'Kardila', 'Rubína', 'Karkulka', 'Jolana F1', 'Kráska', 'Katlen', 'Jarana F1', 'Koloseum F1', 'Jitka F1'. Vitamin C, dry matter, antioxidants, minerals, refractometric dry matter, nitrates, carotenoids and roughage were determined. Aim was to summarize all results from experiment and compare them with other literary sources. The best results had 'Kráska' variety and the worst had 'Koloseum F1' variety. According to these results, it is recommended to continue in research.
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