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The genesis of groundwater composition in deep basin structures on the example of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Eger Rift relationship
Dupalová, Tereza
This thesis deals with genesis of the Cretaceous thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem. These thermal waters are interesting in that are very different from other Cretaceous thermal waters, which also appear in Benešov-Ústí aquifer system of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in Děčín. Thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem area more than chalk waters resemble the thermal waters in Teplice, which are associated with body of Teplice rhyolite. Many authors studied thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem, but isotope analysis and inverse geochemical modeling were not used for their study. Results based on water chemistry, water D and 18 O, 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios, and dissolved sulfate 34 S and 18 O values, indicate mixing of ground water from aquifers of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin with ground water derived from crystalline rocks of the Erzgebirge Mts. Unlike thermal waters in Děčín are Ca-HCO3 type (160 mg/L), in Ústí nad Labem there are two types of thermal waters, Na-HCO3 type with higher TDS values (over 1 g/L) and Na-(Ca)-HCO3-SO4 type with lower TDS values (approximately 600 mg/L). Carbon isotope data and speciation and inverse geochemical modeling suggest a significant input of endogenous CO2 at Ústí nad Labem. Besides CO2 input, both silicate dissolution and cation exchange coupled with dissolution of...
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Comparison of effectiveness of three applications of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for remediation of groundwater polluted by chlorinated ethenes
Vacková, Nikola
This master's thesis is focused on remediation of groundwater polluted by chlorinated ethenes with a use of nanoiron particles. Three injections of different types of nanoiron were carried out in the contaminated area of Spolchemie a.s. company in Ústí nad Labem. The main aim of the thesis was to compare effectiveness of those three applications. The remediation of groundwater was done by direct- push injection of suspension of nanoscale zero-valent iron. After that a monitoring of groundwater level and physicochemical parameters was performed. Samples of groundwater were collected during the monitoring and were analysed for contaminants and products of dechlorination. It was discovered that NANOFER STAR nanoiron had the strongest influence on reductive dechlorination. This was reflected by concentration decrease of TCE by 84 %, VC by 60 % and total concentration of CHC by 39 % in the period three months after the injection and the increase of degradation products of chlorinated ethenes. Injections of conservative tracers potassium bromide and lithium chloride served as a criterion for differentiation between the process of dechlorination and simple dilution effect. The effectiveness of NZVI-C3 nanoiron and NANOFER STAR with CMC nanoiron were notably lower than the bare NANOFER STAR nanoiron. In...
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Interpretation and use of monitoring data from water supply wells
Kutnarová, Karolína ; Pastuszek, František (advisor) ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (referee)
The life of the hydrogeological well is not important only in petroleum geology but also in the water industry. Nowadays, when the demand of water rises, it is necessary to ensure the smooth running of the wells and care as much as possible about their condition. The aim of this thesis is try to apply the methods of production analysis commonly used in oil production in the oil industry for water supply wells. In the thesis I will focus on monitoring the productivity of the well with regard to increasing the hydraulic losses caused by clogging. iv
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Individual groundwater supply in hard rocks - factors affecting yield
Kvíz, Jan ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Datel, Josef (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to characterize the natural groundwater resources in the crystallin massif, forming ¾ of the Czech Republic. In the form of research, it summarizes the knowledge of this issue regarding the nature-science and socio-economic context. The introduction of the thesis describes the specific environment of hard-rocks and the factors affecting the yield of sources. It focuses on the region of the Czech Republic. In the following part, the thesis describes the individual groundwater supply in the Czech Republic. Is summarizes the Czech legislation of this issue, the development of the individual water supply and also his negatives. The thesis then focuses on some of the examples of the exploitation of groundwater resources in India, which is one of the most active theoretical and practical innovators in the field of exploiting the region of hard rocks.
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Artificial recharge of groundwater resources
Drmota, Adam ; Datel, Josef (advisor) ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (referee)
This thesis addresses artificial replenishment of groundwater resources, commonly known as artificial recharge. The idea of artificial replenishment of groundwater lies in man-induced transfer of surface water to underground aquifers. The introduction highlights the reasons that led humans to artificially replenish groundwater. In addition, individual methods of surface, subsurface and induced infiltration are described. A special chapter was devoted to natural factors limiting the use of these methods. The thesis also includes studies of three concrete examples of projects of artificial recharge into groundwater by various techniques, each time with a different intention. Specifically, it describes resisting the intrusion of salt water into the Delta Llobregat aquifer in Spain, using the appropriate geological structure as a reservoir of potable water for the drought in South Florida, and the use of artificial infiltration basins and bank infiltration for water use in Káraný, Czech Republic.
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Interaction of groundwater and surface water under period of hydrological drought in the floodplain of the upper Lužnice River
Korejs, Tomáš ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Bohumír (referee)
The object of this thesis si to evaluate the interaction of groundwater and surface water under the period of hydrological drought in the floodplain of the upper Lužnice river. The thesis tries to show the influence of the groudwater in the river floodplain during the period of hydrological drought and its correlation with the surface water state. The area of interst of the upper Lužnice is characterized by a unique ecosystem of unique natural value. It is a preserved river floodplain, which plays an irreplaceable role in fluvial processes, especially in water retention. The objectives were solved based on the monitoring of groudwater and surface water states from data obtained from the PřF UK profiles, which are represented by boreholes aross the floodplain and level meters in the watercourse. From the data obtained, it was possible to create a final analysis and to determine the behaviour and the mutual interaction between the surface water and groundwater in this natural floodplain. A detailed analysis has confirmed, that the interaction between watercourse and the floodplain and its retention potential. It can be said that during the hydrological drought, the water state or discharge in the watercourse is improved by water from the floodplain. The subsidy is only evident in certain stretches of...
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Underground waters and springs at Jeseník Spa: New hydrogeochemical data
Kohn, Tomáš ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Vylita, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the areal survey of water resources in the area of Priessnitz baths, to search for natural medicinal sources and advanced data collection for evaluation radiohydrogeochemical situation of the area. The area of interest is situated in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains. Hydrogeologically it is a hard rock, which consists mainly of metamorphic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, the Moravian-Silesian region, presented as the methamorfic envelope of the desen group of Silenics. Altogether, 83 objects were recorded and many of them were visited repeatedly. Physical parameters (temperature, pH, Eh, conductivity), activity 222Rn and flow rate were measured. In addition, the chemical composition and tritium contents were determined on selected sources. Conductometry, thermometry, and probes for peloids were conducted. There was no source of water (or peloid) that would reach the criteria of a natural healing source (according to the Czech spa law). However, the overall hydrogeological and hydrochemical situation is quite complicated. Both the genesis of water and its chemical composition is highly heterogeneous and influenced by the heterogenical geological structure. Generally, we have distinguished three types of water according to the chemical composition. We also divided the water sources...
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Comparison of effectiveness of three applications of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for remediation of groundwater polluted by chlorinated ethenes
Vacková, Nikola ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Oswald, Sascha (referee)
This master's thesis is focused on remediation of groundwater polluted by chlorinated ethenes with a use of nanoiron particles. Three injections of different types of nanoiron were carried out in the contaminated area of Spolchemie a.s. company in Ústí nad Labem. The main aim of the thesis was to compare effectiveness of those three applications. The remediation of groundwater was done by direct- push injection of suspension of nanoscale zero-valent iron. After that a monitoring of groundwater level and physicochemical parameters was performed. Samples of groundwater were collected during the monitoring and were analysed for contaminants and products of dechlorination. It was discovered that NANOFER STAR nanoiron had the strongest influence on reductive dechlorination. This was reflected by concentration decrease of TCE by 84 %, VC by 60 % and total concentration of CHC by 39 % in the period three months after the injection and the increase of degradation products of chlorinated ethenes. Injections of conservative tracers potassium bromide and lithium chloride served as a criterion for differentiation between the process of dechlorination and simple dilution effect. The effectiveness of NZVI-C3 nanoiron and NANOFER STAR with CMC nanoiron were notably lower than the bare NANOFER STAR nanoiron. In...
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Long-term groundwater regime in multilayered water-bearing systems on the example of uranium mining impact on groundwater conditions of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic
Lipanský, Tomáš
Lipanský T. (2016): Dlouhodobý režim proudění podzemních vod v hlubokých pánevních kolektorech, na příkladu ovlivnění hydrogeologických poměrů české křídové pánve hornickou činností v okolí Stráže pod Ralskem. Doktorská disertační práce. - Univerzita Karlova v Praze Abstract: This thesis sumerises the development of groundwater regime in a multilayered water-bearing system of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in maximal proposed extent of area where the groundwater regime had been affected by mining of radioactive materials near Strář pod Ralskem. The aim of the work was to describe the groundwater regime on the basis of measured monitoring data and map interpolations. The former Uranium mining from Cenomanian sandstone sediments represents the largest human impact on the natural groundwater flow of a multilayered water-bearing system within both the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Czech Republic. Newly created graphs and maps of piezometric surfaces bring an insight into the dynamics of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin water-bearing system and give an idea of long- term groundwater heads and flow directions development in the studied area. This was achieved despite the fact that this study does not present a hydraulic model, but an interpolation of monitoring data. Maps and grids of piezometric surfaces can be...
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Use of microbial community structure as a marker of conditions in underground biotops
Burkartová, Kateřina ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Drahota, Petr (referee)
The amount of data obtained by barcoding of prokaryotic 16S rDNA from natural habitats is increasing exponentially. Thus, methods enabling us to extract useful information from these data are of increasing importance. In this thesis microbial communities from water, sludge and drilling dust were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in three geologically well described sedimentary aquifers in Bohemian Massif. The main goal of this research was to establish how different analytical approaches can be useful in interpretation of groundwater biogeochemical processes. Three approaches were used: First, taxonomy and metabolic traits of the most abundant microorganisms were assessed. Second, ordination methods showing metabolic and taxonomic variability between communities were used. Last the analysis of phylogenetic dissimilarity using UniFrac metrics was performed. When analyzing individual localities separately, the shift in microbial community composition corresponds with the change of environmental conditions. The unconstrained ordination method based on the variability in metabolic traits indicated, that sludge samples are more informative than water samples when asking which electron donor is used in microbial communities. On the other hand, unconstrained ordination methods were useless when the...
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