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Physiological principles of current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Denisova, Elizaveta ; Rudajev, Vladimír (advisor) ; Veverová, Kateřina (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes amyloid and tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Classical treatments for Alzheimer's disease include drugs targeting the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Diagnostic tools and techniques are constantly evolving to better identify and monitor the course of the disease. New approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include beta-amyloid-targeted therapies that seek to reduce the production or facilitate the clearance of these pathological peptides. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions, such as the potential effects of antioxidants on reducing oxidative stress, the neuroprotective effects of statins, and the potential benefits of a ketogenic diet for Alzheimer's patients, have become a key part of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and are being explored as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve patients' quality of life. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, new therapeutic approaches, nutrition, lifestyle.
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The diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insuline pumps
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis on the topic "Diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pumps" focuses on the differences between the lifestyle of type 1 diabetic treated with a hybrid closed-loop insulin pump and the lifestyle of given type 1 diabetic with a previous method of diabetes compensation. In addition, the thesis examines the differences between the current diet of a diabetic on hybrid closed-loop insulin pump treatment and the nutritional recommendations for a rational diet. For the present bachelor thesis, a qualitative research was chosen and it included 9 respondents with type 1 diabetes treated with a hybrid loop insulin pump. Data was obtained through a semi-structured interview followed by analysis of weekly dietary information provided by each respondent. In the practical part, background information about the respondents is presented. In order to achieve the objectives of the thesis, the differences between the lifestyle and diet of type 1 diabetic with a hybrid loop insulin pump and the lifestyle and diet of that diabetic with previous diabetes treatment are further compared. Subsequently, each respondent's current average daily energy intake was tabulated and their optimal daily energy intake was related to their rational diet. Below the table, the respondent's weekly diet was described and their current energy intake was verbally compared to their calculated optimal daily energy intake. Finally, in the summary of results, I compared some recommendations for rational eating with the respondents' diets. As a result of the bachelor thesis, type 1 diabetics achieve a better quality of life with hybrid loop insulin pump treatment compared to previous diabetes treatment. Regarding the affinity of the rational diet with the current diet of diabetics, the results are different. From the results of the study, we found out that at least one nutritional recommendation for a rational diet matched the current diet of a diabetic.
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Diet of proffesional drivers from the perspective of nutrition therapist
KARÁSEK, Jiří
The diet of professional drivers is very different from the general population. This difference is due to a number of factors. Extraordinary working hours, irregular sleep, physical inactivity and stress. Poor facilities for the actual preparation and storage of food and poorer availability of factory catering. Professional drivers therefore often suffer from a range of health complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to investigate the diet of professional drivers in the Czech Republic. To map their diet in terms of caloric intake, macronutrient intake and sugars. And secondly, to find out whether the offer in the catering facilities they use during working hours corresponds to their demand. Quantitative research was chosen to meet the objectives. Anthropometric data such as height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were collected and evaluated. A questionnaire focusing on lifestyle and eating habits and an evaluation of the last 24 hours' diet. Data collection was conducted at motorway rest areas in the Central Bohemia region. The research population consisted of 30 professional truck drivers in the age range of 29- 60 years. The bachelor thesis revealed significantly higher values of BMI and waist circumference compared to the average values of the population in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey revealed the diet and lifestyle of the professional drivers on the road. More than half of the respondents were smokers, two thirds drink alcohol and most of them do not engage in any physical activity. Analysis of the menus showed that their calorie intake was on average 14% higher than their daily energy needs and their consumption of sugars was noticeably higher than the recommendations. The bachelor thesis provides a comprehensive view of the diet and lifestyle of professional drivers. It highlights the impact of improper diet and the incidence of associated complications. The bachelor thesis is intended to raise awareness in society of this issue and may be useful to health care personnel who work with patients in the driving profession.
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Ficino's conception of intellectual life and melancholy
Žáková, Karolína ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
Marsilio Ficino was one of the leading exponents of Florentine humanism, which in the following centuries influenced great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Paracelsus and John Amos Comenius. The main subject of my interest is the problem of melancholy in relation to the intellectual life, as captured in Ficino's De libri tres, especially the De vita sana. The methodological framework of the history of philosophy will correspond to this topic. Melancholy has an ambivalent nature, in general it has been perceived as a benign disease, but in the case of intellectuals it is not merely a blight, but also their gift and a means by which they can devote themselves to their studies. The thesis will first set the main issue in the broader context of Ficino's Neo-Platonism and then turn to a comprehensive interpretation of the concepts of intellectual life and melancholy as perceived by Ficino, including the individual advice that Marsilio gave to scholars to improve their performance in their studies. At the same time, my aim is to show that the thoughts of a man who lived and worked in 15th century are still alive today, despite the marked difference between the times of humanism and modern science, influenced in particular by the philosophy of René Descartes. KEY WORDS melancholy, black bile,...
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Lifestyle of a professional ice hockey player (comparison of views of former and current professional hockey players on sports career and personal life)
MATĚJKA, David
The diploma thesis examines the world of professional ice hockey from the perspective of professional ice hockey players themselves and presents what the lifestyle of a professional ice hockey player looks like. The research also aims to describe the private life, hockey beginnings, approach to studies and ideas about life after hockey. The aim of the thesis is to map the self-reflection of their own career and all the positive and negative circumstances that ice hockey players face during their career and to compare their accounts with those of former ice hockey players and to prove two hypotheses. The first one asks whether it is really a collective sport or an individual competition within a collective, the second one is based on the lifestyle of professional ice hockey players themselves and tries to prove that one's own sporting career can be seen as a life on try-out. The research itself is anchored in the relevant literature and supported by the testimonies of the respondents. The thesis highlights all aspects of professional ice hockey through the eyes of ice hockey players, while also highlighting issues hidden from the public. Thanks to the authentic testimonies of the respondents, the thesis features unconventionally frank confessions of direct actors describing the dark sides that the environment of professional sport offers. Based on the interviews conducted, the author's experience and the literature, a typology of professional ice hockey players was created, in which the theoretical and practical grounding of the research conducted is achieved.
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Rozdíly stravování mezi žáky SŠ a jejich životní styl
Hanousková, Alice
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the eating habits of high school students and their lifestyle. The aim of the theoretical part is to explain the issues of eating, healthy lifestyle and to define the factors, that affect this issue. The theoretical part also focused on clarifying the need for macro and micronutrients for organism during adolescence and deriving consequences inappropriate eating and lifestyle. The practical part is devoted to quantitative research which takes the form of a questionnaire survey. The aim of the practical part was to find out and compare the re-sults in eating and lifestyle between the pupils of the graduation field of the hotel indus-try and the field of study chef-waiter. The respondents for this finding were pupils of a selected high school in the Vyškov district.
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The Attitude of University Students towards Sport and Physical Activities
Šimurdová, Alžběta Anna ; Kotlík, Kamil (advisor) ; Peřinová, Radka (referee)
Author: Bc. Alžběta Anna Šimurdová Title: The attitude of university students towards sport and physical activities Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether university students tend to do more physical activities and sports compared to people who have been already working and whether they do have any preferences in sports or any other physical activities. Another objective is an analysis and comparison of diet between the two groups in order to focus on their regime, addictions, sleep, and daily routines. Methods: This thesis is based on a quantitative type of research. The SFSPA questionnaire was elected as the main research method. This questionnaire was adjusted to meet the needs of the theoretical outcomes of this thesis. The questionnaire was published through a form on Google Forms, from which all the answers were transferred into an MS Excel file where all the data were processed into written form, all the results transferred to graphs and contingency tables were formed. Hypotheses were verified through Pearson's Chí-kvadrát test. Results: There were 294 participants from the Czech Republic answering the questionnaire. Out of all 294 participants, 187 were university students, and 107 working citizens. The gender distribution for this questionnaire was 202 women...
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Older School–Age Children’s Leisure and its Experiencing. Results of the Representative Survey – Czech Republic 2021 (Monitoring Study)
Patočková, Věra ; Čermák, Daniel ; Šafr, Jiří
The aim of the study is to present results of the own representative survey How children spend and experience their leisure 2021, which monitor the state of children's leisure at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century. In the begging of the study, the main findings are summarized and the parameters of the research are introduced. Then, the results of a more detailed analyses are presented. At first, these focus on how much leisure children have. Then, two more extensive chapters follow that represent the main parts of the study. They focus on how children spend their leisure and how they experience it. The final part of the study presents selected factors influencing the possibilities and ways of spending leisure: parents' views on children's leisure, household expenses related to children's leisure, satisfaction with the possibilities for spending leisure and perceived barriers.
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Patients' need of safety and security after implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator
JANKŮ, Kateřina
This work deals with the patients' need of safety and security after the implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Any different heart rhythm from the physiological sinus rhythm is called an arrhythmia. ICD implantation is one of the treatment options for arrhythmias. However, with ICD implantation come changes not only physically but also mentally. And with that comes the fulfillment of needs, which are often neglected in patients with implanted ICDs. For this bachelor thesis, four goals were set which were supposed to find out how the lives of patients change after ICD implantation, how patients change their view on safety and security after ICD implantation, how the education of patients undergoing ICD implantation is carried out, and to map the mental support which is given to patients with ICD. Based on the set goals, four research questions were asked. A qualitative survey method was chosen for the research. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with patients. A total of 9 patients with implanted ICDs were questioned. The results of the study showed that the lifestyle of patients with ICD hadn't changed much and remained the same as before the implantation of ICD. The patients were mainly affected by changes in physical activities, driving and sexual life. It was also found that the view of safety and security has changed for the better in some patients, and they feel safer after ICD implantation, but some patients weren't aware of any changes. The view on safety and security was influenced by certain factors which included education, communication, nursing care, but also the psychological support of patients. The research found that patients were educated before implantation by their cardiologist, and for the vast majority of them, education was sufficient. Psychologically, the patients showed changes, mainly fear and anxiety, but also anxiety. As for the care of the medical staff, this care was very good for most patients and thus helped to improve the whole situation. Another finding was that all patients were supported by their families at all times. The work was created mainly as an information source for patients with implanted ICDs and medical school students.
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Lifestyle of obese children and children with physiological weight
NEJEDLÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis focuses on lifestyle of obese children and children with physiological weight. This study has been determined to reach two following goals: to map lifestyle of obese children and to map lifestyle of children with physiological weight. The theoretical part of the study covers lifestyle and its main aspects such as nutrition and physical activity. Further, it focuses on characteristics of the older school age (from ages 11 - 15) and an evaluation of children's weight. The last chapter is devoted to obesity and childhood obesity, in which causes, diagnostics, complications, prevention and treatment are mentioned. The practical part focuses on observed lifestyle factors of children between 11 and 15 years old. Data was evaluated on the basis of the definition of healthy lifestyle, which included nutrition of children, physical activity, partaking in sport-oriented afterschool activities and spending free time at home (watching television, spending time on computer). The research set consisted of 20 children in total with their parents. In particular, 10 were obese children and 10 were children with physiological weight. All respondents along with their parents filled questionnaires in and provided children's week menu records. Results of the research show, that the nutrient intake of obese children does not meet recommendations in most cases. The fat is usually present in an excessive quantity. On the other hand, in the case of children with physical weight, the fat intake meets nutrient recommendations. Furthermore, results show, that obese children move to a lesser extent and do not partake in sport-oriented afterschool activities contrary to children with physiological weight. Watching television and spending time on computer occupy more time on a daily basis. On the contrary, children with physiological weight spend less time watching television and on computer given the amount of physical activity.
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