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Translational control in immune response.
Hlaváček, Adam ; Valášek, Leoš (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
Immune reaction often requires a prompt modification of gene expression that in turn alters cellular physiology. There are an increasing number of articles supporting a critical role of translational control in this aspect of cellular biology. The aim of this work is to present some of cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect translational control and immune reaction in immune and somatic cells and can be possibly misused by some viruses. Perhaps not surprisingly, many immunologically relevant translational control mechanisms are similar to those acting during the stress response. Over the years it has been documented that the T cells, dendrocytes, Natural killer cells and macrophages utilize translational control for their immunological activation following stimulation. Combination of general and gene-specific translational control mechanisms enables fast changes in proteome and physiology that are characteristic for immune cell activation. The overall impact of translational control on immune response is further illustrated by the fact that it acts upon each stage of life of immune cells - from their activation, through survival, to a programmed cell death. Even in some non-immune cells the translational control plays an important role with respect to immunity, as these cells are known to have an...
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Activation of collimating system of linear accelerator through photon radiation and its impact on the doses received by the staff.
KUBÍKOVÁ, Adéla
The diploma thesis on the topic "Activation of Collimating System of Linear Accelerator through Photon Radiation and its Impact on the Doses Received by the Staff" is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. The introductory theoretical part is devoted to the basic information about ionizing radiation. What are the types of ionizing radiation, its characteristics, properties and sources of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, there are mentioned direct and indirect interactions of ionizing radiation, a brief description of charged particle accelerators, collimator systems and radioisotope irradiation devices. Another part deals with radiation protection, basic legislation, methods and principles of radiation protection, personal dosimetry and medical supervision of radiation workers. Literary sources, available internet links and valid legal regulations were used for the work. In the practical part, a number of measurements were carried out to measure and to analyse the doses of secondary radiation of the linear accelerator collimator system for different photon beam energies, depending on time, distance from source, position of radiologic assistant around the table when working with the patient, as well as sizes of irradiated field. The aim of the work was to find out how large the doses of secondary radiation are, although measurable, but their values are not sufficient to be detected by personal dosimeters of radiological assistants. Confirm the hypothesis that the doses from the secondary radiation of the linear accelerator collimator system are so low that the dose power does not exceed 0.031 mGy/hr. The results obtained from various measurements are processed into transparent tables and graphically displayed. Based on the results of the measurements, the hypotheses were confirmed.
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Metallization of technical plastics for lightweight traffic components with reduced fuel consumption
Sanetrníková, Dominika ; Boušek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šimůnková, Helena (advisor)
The beginning of this thesis is dedicated to polymeric materials, which include plastics an composites. Plastics are shortly divided into two groups, thermoplastics and thermosets. The following part is the use of plastics and composites in traffic industry and briefly this work focuses on techniques of recycling of this materials. This work also focuses on the techniques of thin film deposition, electroless plating, electrodeposition as well and plating in the vacuum environment. special techniques of thin film deposition are also mentioned shortly. The coatings of polymer including cleaning and surface activation is introduced using various techniques including plasma treatment. The surface treatment of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is included too. The final part describes performed experiments and discussion of results.
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Methods of treatment of urban waste water and the possibility of using treated water
Charalambous, Panagiotis ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Nowadays, wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly necessary due to the reduction of water resources, the increasing price of drinking water, as well as the shrinking underground water reserves. The treatment of wastewater for reuse and disposal is particularly important for countries and regions which suffer from drinking water shortage. Thus, it is vital to find sustainable solutions for the better protection of the environment and also to improve the water's quality by adapting new and more efficient technologies. This bachelor thesis contains a comprehensive study of different methods and technologies that are used today for the wastewater treatment, with a specific emphasis on urban wastewaters. Furthermore, it examines the post-treated wastewater management, including possible ways of reusing them in many aspects. Keywords: urban wastewater, activation process, biofilters
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Receptors of NK cells
Hernychová, Lucie ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Pavlů, Barbora (referee)
NK cells play an important role as a part of the innate immune system, they however share many common features with cells of the adaptive immune system and they can modulate their functions as well. NK cells recognize non-self molecules (induced by viral infection or tumor transformation) through a wide variety of receptors on the cell surface. They also express receptors specific for their own structures, MHC glycoproteins. NK cells distinguish infected or transformed cells according to the quantity of these molecules on the target cell surface. Then NK cells allow apoptotic signals to cause cell death or the tolerance is established. They also promote inflammatory responses by the production of cytokines and chemokines. NK receptors can be grouped into activating, inhibitory, adhesion, cytokine, and chemokine receptors depending on their function. Based on interactions with appropriate ligands, NK cells exert cytotoxicity or they are inhibited. Moreover, their functions are influenced by the cytokine microenvironment. NK receptors can be also divided into C-type lectin and immunoglobulin superfamilies according to the structure. Ly49, NKG2/CD94 and NKR-P1 are receptor families that belong to the C-type lectin glycoproteins. These molecules have a type II transmembrane protein orientation and they...
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Sewage treatment plant in Chánov
Heindlová, Jana ; Synáčková, Marcela (advisor) ; Renata, Renata (referee)
The thesis describes and analyzes of the wastewater treatment Chánov and focusing on its reconstruction, which took place on it.
This examination and analysis are based on the theoretical findings which are also part of the thesis. These findings comes mainly form ther scientific literature. These theoretical findings are then applied on investigated wastewater treatment plant.
In order to establish principles of operation of wastewater treatment plants were also visited severel other wastewater treatment plant: Prague, Troja and historical wastewater treatment Prague, Bubeneč.
The benefit study is to compare technology treatment before and after reconstruction.
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Activity of Neural Network in Hidden Layers - Visualisation and Analysis
Fábry, Marko ; Grézl, František (referee) ; Karafiát, Martin (advisor)
Goal of this work was to create system capable of visualisation of activation function values, which were produced by neurons placed in hidden layers of neural networks used for speech recognition. In this work are also described experiments comparing methods for visualisation, visualisations of neural networks with different architectures and neural networks trained with different types of input data. Visualisation system implemented in this work is based on previous work of Mr. Khe Chai Sim and extended with new methods of data normalization. Kaldi toolkit was used for neural network training data preparation. CNTK framework was used for neural network training. Core of this work - the visualisation system was implemented in scripting language Python.
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Study variants of specific wastewater treatment
Pernička, Jan ; Ručka, Jan (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis explores treatment options of wastewater with a low presence of organic pollution produced by minor pollution sources. The research part describes objects with a low presence of organic pollution in wastewater and possible treatment methods in dependence of pollution source's size. The practical part contains the design of technological options of treatment of wastewater with a low presence of organic pollution for a specific object.
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