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The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels
Rajtmajerová, Iveta ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Rajtmajerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels Silymarin flavonolignans are endowed with various aspects. Recently their hepatoprotective effect has been discussed widely as well as their positive influence on the cardiovascular system. This diploma thesis is concerned with the vasodilatory effects of silybin-A, silybin-B, silybin-A + B and isosilybin-A on rat aorta. The aim of this study was to test the vasodilatory effect of selected substances. The dependence of aortic relaxation on the increasing concentration of tested substances was measured. Isolated Wistar breed rat aorta was used. DRC curves were created and EC50 values were assessed from the obtained values of vessel tension. The results were evaluated subsequently. The vasodilator potential of silybin-A and isosilybin-A is comparable; hence the position of the substituents may be irrelevant in having any impact on relaxation of the vessels. Different vasodilatory effects of silybin-A and silybin-B have been observed thus, the relaxation could be stereoselective. The testing of the equimolar mixture of silybin-A and...
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Exploitation of Experiments for Improvement of Level Constitutive Models of Aortic Aneurysm Tissues
Man, Vojtěch ; Horný,, Lukáš (referee) ; Rosenberg, Josef (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This paper deals with the problem of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), taking into account the possibility of using mechanical tests of aortic tissues for improvement of level of their constitutive models. First part of thesis deals with the introduction into the problem, description of the structure of the wall of the healthy aorta, its main components and the degenerative changes which lead to formation of AAA. This is followed by a brief excursion into constitutive modeling, which focuses closely on the description of the models used to describe the mechanical behavior of soft tissues. The theoretical part is then supplemented by a narrower selection of constitutive models used for modeling aortic wall and intraluminal thrombus, together with published results, which are reviewed and discussed at the end of this section. The main part of this thesis is devoted to tests of mechanical properties of arterial tissues. First, the methodology is presented together with the description of the customizations of the laboratory equipments together with the test rig. In addition, attention is focused on the results of mechanical tests of intraluminal thrombus, where the results of both uniaxial tensile tests and equbiaxial testing are presented. Also the influence of distance ILT from the lumen on the mechanical properties of the thrombus is examined. Another area of interest is the investigation of the effect of elastase on the chnage of mechanical properties of pig aorta. In this case, porcine aortas are experimentally tested only by biaxial testing, and the time of elastase action to alter the mechanical properties is analyzed so that the resulting tissue has a similar stress-strain response as aneurysmal tissue. Finally, the results of experimental measurements, limitations and other possible ways of research are summarized.
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Analysis of Influence of Collagen Organization on Mechanical Properties of Arteries
Novák, Kamil ; Daniel, Matej (referee) ; Vimmr, Jan (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This dissertation thesis concerns with Analysis of Influence of Collagen Organization on Mechanical Properties of Arteries and it is divided into three main parts. Motivation for this dissertation thesis was in a study reviewing effect of material model upon resulting stresses in AAA. The effect was calculated in 70 patient-specific geometries of AAA, which exceeds the number of geometries in other scientific papers by one order. Within this study, two material models were used, i.e. real one and 100× stiffer, and obtained stresses were mutually compared. It was quantified that peak stress difference can be higher than 20 % in 10% of patients and therefore the real material model should be preferred over the artificial one although operation with this model is more demanding. The second part of this thesis deals with an identification of structural parameters (orientation and dispersion of collagen fibres) of porcine aortic tissue by using adjusted Fast Fourier Transform based algorithm. The extracted structural parameters were inserted into two-layer structure-motivated constitutive model Martufi-Gasser. This model was validated and its predictive capabilities were also tested with fine results. The most important information obtained from the digital image processing of ~9000 micrographs is existence of only one family of dispersed collagen fibres which breaks the current dogma present in many scientific papers about two families of collagen fibres. The third part concerns with a proposal of an automated phase-correlation based algorithm for obtaining collagen fibre direction from polarized light microscopy images. The proposed algorithm was verified and validated and it yields histograms of collagen fibre directions with overall number of measured points larger than it would be possible to get from any manual measurement. The limitation of the original proposed algorithm is in 90° period of polarized light intensity, thus the method results in angles in the range of 0°–90. Therefore the end of the thesis is dedicated resolving this problem and obtaining real angles in a span of 0°–180°. To this end, the microscope set-up was changed and the algorithm was adjusted accordingly. The original and the adjusted algorithms are collagen-specific, fast and an operator independent. Despite all the author´s effort put into collagen fibre waviness quantification directly from the histograms, the waviness has not been quantified yet in this way and it remains at the stage of research.
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The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta
Beránková, Anna ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anna Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta Flavonoids are a numerous group of secondary plant metabolites. Flavonoid compounds are substances widely extended in nature and many of them have a positive influence on human health, primarily for their vasodilatory, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects. Three substances were selected for this diploma theses: two substances of isoflavonoid group, genistin and genistein, and the end product of genistein metabolism, 4-ethylphenol. The aim of this work is examination of vasorelaxant effects of this substances in vitro. Vasorelaxing potential of tested substances was tested in vitro in isolated aortic rings of Wistar rat. The effect of increasing doses of individual substances in precontracted aortic rings with intact endothelium was measured. From the obtained values of vessel tension, the DRC curves and EC50 values were created. The results were evaluated. The results analysis shows, that genistein (EC50 2,903.10-5 M) had the most significant activity. Also genistin (EC50 4,045.10-4 M) and high doses of 4-ethylphenol (EC50 1,509.10-3 M) caused...
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Design of cylindrical apparatus for determination of directions of reinforcing fibres in aorta in its deformed state
Král, Martin ; Vaverka, Jiří (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the design of cylindrical apparatus, which allows the cont- rolled biaxial deformation of a cylindrical sample of the aorta. This apparatus is designed to determine the direction of collagen fibers in the deformed aorta. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused mainly on description of the structure and mechanical properties of the wall of the aorta. In the design part, attention is paid to the design of the cylindrical apparatus. In the conclusion, the deformation of the cylindrical sample of the abdominal aorta from the pig is carried out on the apparatus and its strain is measured.
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Design of apparatus for determination of directions of reinforcing fibres in soft biological tissues in their deformed state
Sodomka, Tomáš ; Vaverka, Jiří (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The Bachelor´s thesis is focused on the determination of directions of collagen fibres in elastic arteries. The first aim of this thesis is a general introduction into soft tissue mechanics with turning attention to connective tissue where collagen fibres are their inseparable part. Also the thesis introduces arrangement of collagen fibres, their waviness and how the waviness thwarts determination of direction of fibres. The second aim is a design and test of the mechanical apparatus, which is able to stretch a squared aortic sample in two perpendicular directions (independently on each other) up to the relative deformation of 30 %. Design of the apparatus allows the sample to be dipped into the formaldehyde solution, which fixes the deformation. Consequent histologic sections of the sample will be used for the determination of global directions of collagen fibres in the aorta. The apparatus is designed to simulate conditions in a human or animal body where aorta is axially pre-stretched and at the same time expanded in the radial direction by blood pressure.
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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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Intra Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation from the Perspektive of Nurse in the Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery
Ebertová, Barbora ; Sojková, Monika (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
The thesis is focused on the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) from the perspective of nurses in the cardiac intensive care. It consists of two parts. Theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part will deal with the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, including basic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels, the principle of IABC, its indications, contraindications, technology IABC and specific nursing care of patients with established IABC. The empirical part is treated as quantitative research, which is used for the data collection method anonymous questionnaire. The aim of the thesis is to determine nurses' knowledge of IABC in the cardiac intensive care and subsequent drafting of guidance for postoperative cardiac surgery department KARIM University, Prague. In this section are also included important questions and answers from the perspective of the specified variables obtained from the questionnaire and subsequent actions arising in practice. Key words Counterpulsation, Cardiac cycle, Aorta, Heart, Nursing care
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Analysis of possibilities of analytical approaches suitable for evaluating of stress-strain states of idealized aortic shapes
Turčanová, Michaela ; Burša, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Kamil (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with possibilities of analytical solution of stress-strain states of arteries. The first part of the thesis gives an information about cardiovascular system and continuum mechanics. The calculation was performed analytically and also numerically using ANSYS program. The analytical calculation was carried out considering non-linear theory of thin and thick-walled vessels involving the residual stress and fictitious temperature approach. Furthermore, the analysis of solutions of abdominal aortic aneurysms was done based on linear theory. Description of other methods of linear theory and techniques of calculating with residual stress are briefly summarized.
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