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Pectoris angina as a symptom of acute myocardial infarction in urgent care
ŠVORC, Jaroslav
This dissertation deals with the topic of stenocardia as the symptom of an acute myocardial infarction in prehospital emergency care. The goal of my work is to map the time lag from the first symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction to giving an urgent non-hospital first aid. The introductory part summarizes basic terms of anatomy and physiology of the considered system. The theoretical part of my work includes an ischemic disease and the most frequent risk factors which patients bear. The theoretical part is mainly dedicated to an acute myocardial infarction, i.e. its origin, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment. The final part deals with issues concerning education of a patient from a medical rescuer's point of view. My work also involves a research part including the file of patients with diagnosed acute myocardial infarction. I nave got the data using retrospective analysis of the outgoing cards of the patients of the Medical Rescue Service Team of Ústí Region, with diagnoses of an acute myocardial infarction. The data has been processed into a table from which other graphs and tables in research part result. It observes the time lag from the first symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction to calling for help and giving an urgent non-hospital first aid. I also follow the main symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction (pain, propagation of pain). The research part results into conclusion, that the majority of patients calls for Medical Rescue Service Team within 3 hours after appearing the first symptoms of stenocardia. The patients mainly call for help within 1 hour after the first problems appear in this 3 hours interval.
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Use of Educational Programs in the Care of Cardiac Patients.
SOUKUPOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of the bachelor´s work is Utilization of the educational plans in the care of cardiac patients. Heart & blood vessels diseases belong to the civilisation diseases. Circular system diseases are the most frequent cause of death in the advanced countries of the western civilisation, including the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is focused on heart and blood vessels anatomy, ischemic cardiac disease, education, the methods and forms of education of cardiac patients, where dietary measures, physical burden in cardiac patients, the possibility of balneotherapy and other recommendations for cardiac patients are described. The bachelor´s work has two goals Goal 1. To find out whether education of cardiac patients is being done in selected cardio centres, who provides the education, whether they have educational plans in the selected cardio centres and whether they utilize them and what is the effect of the education. Goal 2. To create and realize an own educational plan in cardio centre at hospital in České Budějovice. For these goals, 6 research questions have been set. RQ 1. Is education of cardiac patients being done in the selected cardio centres? RQ 2. Does the nurse participate in the education? RQ 3. Do they have an educational plan in the selected cardio centres? RQ 4. Do they utilize the educational plan in the selected cardio centres? RQ5. Does the education of cardiac patients have a positive effect in keeping regime and curative measures? RQ 6. Is the created educational plan going to have an effect on the knowledge and skills of a patient? A qualitative form of research, by the technique of semi-standardised interview has been used for the achievement of the goals. The research set consisted of 8 selected cardio centres and 8 cardiac patients who were hospitalized at hospital in České Budějovice. After the qualitative research has been conducted, answers were acquired. Answer 1: Education of cardiac patients is being done in all cardio centres. Answer No.2: General nurse takes part in the education of cardiac patients. Answer No.3: Only 3 out of 8 selected cardio centres have an educational plan created. Answer No.4: Most of the cardio centres don´t have an educational plan created. An educational plan is utilized only in 3 cardio centres where they have created it. Answer No.5: The education of cardiac patients has a positive effect in keeping curative and regime measures. Answer No.6 The created educational plan has a positive influence on the knowledge and skills of patients. There was only 1 patients where the educational plan had no effect, 4 patients started to change their food habits. It is very important that the people know the risk factors of ischemic heart diseases and the possibilities of prevention. A properly conducted education will mediate this information to people and therefore it would be suitable to train the medical staff working in the cardio centre at Hospital in České Budějovice, for an education of cardiac patients. I think that the created educational plan could be used for the education of cardiac patients at Hospital in České Budějovice
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Quality of life in children with chronic diseases of heart
BORSKÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis "Quality of life at children with chronic diseases of heart" summarizes, in its theoretical part, an issue of children´s cardiology including the heart anatomy, examination methods in cardiology, causes and a classification of arrhythmias and, last but not least, their treatments, including the use of methods such as cardiac stimulation and implantable cardioverter {--} defibrillator. Further the quality of life is characterized and specified, its conception extent and an importance of the evaluation. The final of the theoretical part is dedicated to a chronically ill child and its developmental and social aspects. The practical part is composed of an aim of the bachelor thesis and a stated hypothesis. This is followed by a methodical description of the research methodical process and used techniques. The chapter {\clq}qResults`` reports on the carried-out investigation in a form of graphs with verbal descriptions, these are then compared in a discussion. The goal of the thesis is to map the quality of life and other related issues of the children´s cardiology focused on a group of children with implanted pacemakers. To focus on major problems and to try to propose an optimal solution. An aim of the thesis is to find out to which extent the implanted pacemaker affects the quality of children´s life. Data from respondents were obtained by an interrogation method, a technique of a non-standardized questionnaire, dealing with three domains {--} physical, mental and social. Based on the results it is shown, that children perceive their limitations in comparison with an optimal state. There are evident differences comparing the children´s view of their own body after the implantation of the pacemaker in terms of gender. The theoretical part as well as the research results can serve as a summary of findings of the issue in a part of the children´s cardiology, dedicated to the heart rhythm disorders, which are necessary to be solved by a pacemaker implantation in relation to the quality of life and also it is about an experience of the disease depending on the developmental aspects of the child. It can be used by parents, clinical children´s psychologists, general practitioners for children and adolescents or the others who want or need to obtain more detailed information concerning the topic.
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SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PSYCHOANALYTICAL NEEDS OF PATIENTS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
MERUNKOVÁ, Michaela
The diseases of the vascular system are the most important cause of the death generally (up to 30% of the world-wide mortality). The myocardial infarction represents 13% of all the death cases due to cardiovascular illnesses. Men often suffer myocardial infarction already after 40th year of life, as for women, it appears after the climax. After the 60th year of age the myocardial infarction is equally frequent in case of both sexes. In the last years also the myocardial infarction in case of people younger than thirty-five years is not a rarity. In the bachelor{\crq}s thesis the method of quantitative research by the technique of questioning was applied. In the questionnaire, there are in total 30 questions. 17 of them were closed and 13 half-open. The questionnaires were distributed to patients of the cardio-surgical and cardiological ambulance of the Hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. during their first check after the myocardial infarction. In total 100 questionnaires were distributed and 86 questionnaires were applied for processing the data. The data collection was performed during January, February and March 2009. The thesis focused on specifics of the psychological and social needs of the patient after myocardial infarction. The target of the thesis was to find out where the patients after myocardial infarction look for social support (target 1). Determination of the most frequent problems of the patient after myocardial infarction (target 2). To find out moreover if the saturation of higher needs of patients after the surgical solution of myocardial infarction differs from that of the patients healed in a conservative way (target 3). Three hypotheses were determined based on these goals. First hypothesis: For the patients after myocardial infarction the most frequent support is their family. This hypothesis was confirmed by the research. The most respondents stated as the most important social support their wife or husband, other family members and last but not least a common-law husband or wife. Second hypothesis: The change of life style is among the most frequent problems of the patient after myocardial infarction. This hypothesis was confirmed by research. The change of the life style was stated by 56% of respondents as the most important problem. In spite of the sufficient education the patients have not enough motivation or firm will to change their hitherto life. Third hypothesis: The saturation of higher needs is achieved sooner in the group of patients healed in a conservative way than in the group of patients healed in a surgical way. It followed from the results of the research that the type of myocardial infarction healing may be reflected in the return of the patients into the normal life, however, it has no influence on the occurrence of the stress, fear, sadness and hopelessness after myocardial infarction. This hypothesis was refuted by the research. It follows from the results of the research that it would be suitable to continue the co-operation after the release for the home treatment. To help them to find a suitable way for the change of the lifestyle, to learn them to treat themselves carefully. To motivate for the co-operation not only them, but also their close surroundings, mainly the family. As the family is the most support for them and it could facilitate the deciding of patients in some items and to support them positively.
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