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Vliv zástinu na úrodu kávovníku robusta
Klimková, Marie
The coffee plant is one of the most important market crops. The growing demand for coffee has prompted efforts to increase yields and coffee production. New coffee varieties and new growing systems have begun to emerge. Traditional shade grown coffee agroforestry systems have begun to push out modern monoculture plantations, which are unsustainable. Agroforestry coffee systems provide a number of ecosystem services that might help improve farmers' livelihoods, sustain production of crops and conserve biodiversity. This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade on Robusta coffee yields. To achieve this, productivity and berries quality of coffee plants growing under shade trees were compared with those of coffee plants growing under direct sun light. The results show that shade-grown coffee has comparable yields with monoculture plantations.
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Význam modrozelené infrastruktury pro kvalitu bydlení.
Mynarčíková, Alena
The diploma thesis deals with ecosystem services of blue-green infrastructure in urban areas and their influence on the quality of housing. Literary research focuses on current knowledge and approaches to blue-green infrastructure, with an emphasis on the impact on quality of life in cities. Blue-green infrastructure is part of many international and domestic climate change adaptation strategies and its implementation should be supported. The literary part defines conditions for successful use in cities and presents good examples from abroad and the Czech Republic. The practical part contains an alternative proposal for the planned development of the new city district of Brno-Maloměřice. The design has chosen the optimal solution for rainwater management and interconnection with green areas and public spaces. The appropriate solution was based on the evaluation of the benefits provided according to the methodology, which proved to be a useful tool in balancing green with impermeable surfaces for maximum benefit.
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Využívání přírodních zdrojů a ekosystémových služeb místními komunitami v regionu Carazo, Nicaragua
Fukala, Martin
FUKALA, Martin. The usage of natural resources and ecosystem services by local communities in region Carazo, Nicaragua. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. This diploma thesis aims to conduct a survey of methods for the use of local ecosystems and advantages that arise in form of ecosystem services in the case of local communities of Jinotepe and Diriamba municipalities, Carazo region, Nicaragua. The survey focused on the abovementioned problem using the method of a questionnaire filled in by selected respondents that referred to given ecosystem services. On the basis of the results provided, it has been shown that inhabitants of rural municipalities are more dependent on advantages arising from the ecosystems than those living in urban areas.
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Methodology for ecosystem accounting at the national level
Vačkář, David ; Grammatikopoulou, Ioanna ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana
The aim of this document is to provide methodological framework for ecosystem accounting at the national level. Ecosystem accounting is a coherent and integrated approach to the assessment of the environment through the measurement of ecosystems, and measurement of the flows of services from ecosystems into economic and other human activity. Therefore, ecosystem accounting enables to account for the supply and use of ecosystem services within the system of national environmental statistical accounts.This methodology provides framework for the measurement of ecosystem services flows from the environment to the economy, supply of ecosystem services by ecosystem units, use of ecosystem services by economic sectors, and accounting for monetary value of ecosystem service flows and assets. The methodology presents examples of ecosystem accounts and describes their structure. The methodology should support development and implementation of ecosystem accounts within satellite environmental accounts of System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) and serve as a reference for methodological developments in experimental ecosystem accounting
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Defining the Basic Socio-ecological Landscapes Types in the Czech Republic in the Context of Ecosystem Service Provision
Spustová, Kateřina ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Current approaches of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems and ecosystem services are within the scope of this master's thesis. The aim of the thesis is, on the basis of current landscape classifications, landscape typologies, and their combination with approaches of ecosystem services classification, to appoint socio-ecological units as functional socio-ecological types of the territory. In other words, on the basis of classification listed, this thesis attempts to prove, that socio-ecological units are functional socio-ecological types of the territory, which should be given proper attention. Socio-ecological landscapes are defined according to degree of anthropogenic impact, selected socioeconomic characteristics, and selected ecosystem services. The thesis focuses on three of four categories of ecosystem services defined in Millennium Ecosystem Assessment - provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. As a methodology, the quantitative research was chosen. The research was carried out by data collection and the analysis of statistical data of Czech Statistical Office, Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, and Statistical Yearbook of Soil Services. The thesis main finding is that social and ecological components of socio-ecological systems are in mutual...
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Aplikace nástrojů hospodářské politiky v oblasti managementu přírodních zdrojů se zvláštním zaměřením na koncept ekosystémových služeb
Louda, Jiří ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Geuss, Erik (referee) ; van Koten, Silvester (referee)
The dissertation deals with application of economic approaches and instruments in natural resource management. The paper puts a special emphasis on the developing concept of ecosystem services (mainly abroad) and its application in the Czech Republic's context. The objective of the thesis is to cultivate academic discussion of the importance of methods employed in environmental economics for application of economic policy tools in natural resource management in the Czech Republic's context and, among other things, to clarify whether (and if so, how) the concept of ecosystem services may contribute to the formulation of these tools. The paper also discusses possible limitations of using purely quantitative econometric methods in environmental policy. The dissertation is designed as a cumulative paper. The results of five scholarly articles presented document that application of economic approaches (such as valuation of environmental goods and services) may contribute to efficient meeting of environmental policy goals and that the ecosystem service concept brings new capabilities for application of economic theories in practical natural resource management. One of the new instruments grounded in this concept is the payments for ecosystem services, increasingly implemented abroad. However, the research results also point out the fact that isolated application of outcomes from quantitative environmental goods and services/ecosystems assessment methods has its limitations and may lead to design of measures and tools that will not have the desired effect. The recommendation is therefore to combine outcomes from quantitative methods with qualitative approaches (such as institutional analysis or stakeholder analysis).
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Assessing ecosystem services and the alternatives of their future development in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Cudlínová, Eva (referee) ; Pechanec, Vilém (referee)
The provision of ecosystem services within social-ecological systems is influenced by multiple environmental and anthropogenic driving forces, affecting natural ecosystems. At the same time, the capacity of ecosystems to concurrently provide different types of ecosystem services is inherently limited. Thus, ecosystem changes and their effect on ecosystem services have direct implications for human existence and well-being. The aim of this thesis is to present a modelling approach to assess regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services and to quantify their potential trade-offs, illustrated by two case studies carried out in selected UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in the Czech Republic, Třeboň Basin Biosphere Reserve and Šumava Biosphere Reserve. Both of the selected case study areas are characterized by high levels of natural and cultural assets and challenges regarding future landscape management. In this study, first the social-ecological dynamics within the study areas was analysed by creating participative scenarios through collaboration with local stakeholders, eliciting their preferences regarding future landscape development to 2050. Second, the impact of the scenarios on ecosystem services and their trade-offs were assessed using a combination of spatially explicit models and...
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Ecosystem services and community gardens in Prague
Růžičková, Lucie ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Frélichová, Jana (referee)
Community gardens are a new phenomenon which appeared in Prague quite recently. This thesis focuses on the topic of community gardens and its specific aim is to determine whether the Prague community gardens perform the functions of ecosystem services. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part aims to create a theoretical framework necessary for the introduction to the study of ecosystem services and the concept of urban gardening. The second part tries to outline which ecosystem services are the most prominent in the researched community gardens and which are the least covered, thus which community gardens in this performance of ecosystem services evaluated best and which the worst. By applying the method of field research and interview it has been confirmed that cultural ecosystem services are the most prominent benefit of community gardening for local communities in Prague. Other important functions that community gardens in this survey performed were supporting and regulating ecosystem services. Equally important is also the finding that community gardens perform the function of producing healthy food for local gardeners. Key words: ekosystem secvices, urban gardering, community gardens
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Analysis of the national ecosystem services assessments
Michaliková, Magda ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Frélichová, Jana (referee)
This study is concerned with an analysis of national assessments of ecosystem services. The desired outcome of the assessments is to put together an overall evaluation of ecosystem service usage problematic and link them with life quality on a national level. The aim was to make a systematical research of specialized sources, which utilizes the analyses of individual states as its basis. The result is an overview of the current state of the ecosystem services, the methodology used and common features as well as differences within the individual studies. In total, there have been twelve studies included in the analysis. Presently, only two of the states have completed the analysis, United Kingdom and Portugal. The analyzed states are assessing the current state of their own ecosystems, the changes of thereof, as well as the influence of the ecosystem services on mankind and vice versa. The methods used for such assessment are diverse, including even economic ones. Scenarios of future development have been drawn up, representing a key part of the national assessments. The conclusion comprises of a discourse on the findings of the study, containing an outline of possible future utilization and expansion of this work. Keywords: ecosystem services, national assessments of ecosystem services, Millennium...
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