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The evaluation of nitrate concentrations in linkage with precipitation and water runoff in particular subcatchments of the Kopaninský stream.
HUDCOVÁ, Ivana
Diploma work deals with evaluation of nitrate concentration on trial on rainfall and runoff on partial profiles of Kopaninsky stream. From chemical point of view nitrates are nitric acid salts (e.g. potassium or soda salts) and forms natural part of vegetable and animal masses (metabolism product). At common concentration is not harmful. Nitrates in bodies they can chemical change on nitrite and then further on nitrosamines (organic matters containing nitrogen in its molecule) with carcinogenic effects. Measuring on monitoring profiles past over fortnightly. Strong seasonal progress of nitrate concentrations is perceptible. Highest nitrate concentrations were measured mostly in spring and lowest concentrations in autumn. Maximum nitrate concentration on whole catchment achieves the value 181 mg.l-1 and minimum nitrate concentration achieves the value 0.5mg.l-1. There is nearly no influence on nitrate concentrations by a rainfall. Mostly nitrate concentrations in this catchment gently heighten or stay the same after rainfall, which witness about the fact, that pollution has areal character. As is the influence of land use on runoff in literature described, wasn't this influence in observed micro catchments proved.
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Comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream catchment.
VRZÁK, Zbyněk
This work deals with comparison of precipitation and discharges in relation to nitrate concentrations in the Jenínský stream. The locality is situated on the east of town Vyšší Brod in the southern part of Bohemia. Since the 80`s this small catchment is research area and in the year 2004 The Faculty of Agriculture has continued in this research in Jenínský stream catchment. The backgrounds for this work are data of hydrological year 2006 which are gained from continuous measuring and scanning in small catchment Jenín. There is a recurrency to generalize the precipitation impact which induce changes of discharges on the closing device in small catchment.
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Optimization of laboratory denitrification test
Novotná, Klára ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Leaching from agricultural fields not only releases high concentrations of nitrates into surface and groundwater, but also, for example, pesticides. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to optimize the input nitrate concentration of a laboratory denitrification test. This test will allow the study of the influence of different pesticides on the denitrification process and also the monitoring of their fate during this process. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the nitrogen cycle and its forms, the denitrification process and the factors that influence its progress are discussed in detail. In the practical part, a 28-day laboratory denitrification test was performed. Analytical methods used are described in the thesis as well as the process and the results of the laboratory experiment. Based on chemical oxygen demand profile, N-NOx concentration profile and denitrification rate, an input nitrate concentration of 15 mg.l-1 was recommended.
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Comparison of plasma activated water quality prepared by different plasma systems
Staškovanová, Denisa ; Krčma, František (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with generation of reactive species (hydrogen peroxide, nitrates, nitrites) using various plasma systems in distilled and tap water. Prepared plasma activated water differs in the way the plasma is applied, namely plasma above the water surface, plasma inside water or bubbling of plasma gaseous products into water. The main goal is to determine the amount of species produced in different plasma systems and compare them with each other. The effect of ozonizer experimental conditions on the generated amount of reactive species is also monitored.
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Characterization of plasma activated water for biomedical applications
Šindelková, Kateřina ; Dzik, Petr (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The aim of this master thesis is to characterize plasma activated water (PAW) prepared in various plasma systems using direct and indirect interaction of plasma with liquid or its surface. Plasma was generated by electric discharges at atmospheric pressure. The prepared plasma-activated water was studied with respect to its use in biomedical applications. The theoretical part deals with plasma activated water. It contains a description of the PAW preparation, its characterization in terms of produced particles or its physico-chemical properties. Also, methods for antimicrobial activity estimation or colorimetric determination of produced particles are described in this section. In the experimental part of this work, the types of discharges that were used for the PAW preparation and their comparison are presented. Two types of liquids were selected for the activation, namely distilled and tap water. Subsequently, concentrations of selected reactive particles in PAW (hydrogen peroxide, nitrates and nitrites) produced in three different plasma systems were determined. Besides the comparison of reactive particles production in various systems, their time stability was studied as well. Over time after the PAW preparation, the values of active particles concentrations have changed due to mutual interactions between the particles. Mainly, nitrites were oxidized to nitrates or vice versa depending on the PAW type and other conditions. Part of the work was also monitoring selected physical properties of PAW, namely pH value and specific conductivity. It has been found that PAW does not retain its activated properties for too long, depending on the type of preparation and methods of storage. Therefore, one of the important goals of this work was to determine and compare suitable storage conditions for PAW with respect to its potential biomedical applications.
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Modelling of surface water pollution in Krivoklatsko protected area using GIS
Šereš, Michal ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Environmental modelling is lately becoming to be one of the most important decision support systems. Hydrological models present significant potential for use especially in area of surface and groundwater protection. In the diploma thesis, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate nitrate surface water pollution in nine catchments situated in Křivoklátsko protected area during the period of 2003 - 2010. Modelling process consist of assorted consequent steps. First the hydrological model of each catchment was created. Afterwards the sensitivity analysis was conducted to select most sensitive model parameters. Calibration process was carried out after the parameters selection using SWAT-CUP automatic calibration tool. Model results were visualized and evaluated. The results of the model suggested, that the area of interest was not widely endangered by nitrate pollution. Within each catchment the critical source areas of nitrate pollution were identified. It was observed that these areas are related with intensive agricultural areas. Nitrate leaching ranged from 6 kg.ha-1 to 10 kg.ha-1 per year in agriculture areas. Some areas exceed this amount. Nitrate loss from most of the area of interest ranged from 0 kg.ha-1 to 4 kg.ha-1 per year. Concentrations of nitrates in modeled...
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Diagnostics of active particles generated by the interaction of plasma microwave discharge with liquids
Kovaříková, Kateřina ; Töröková, Lucie (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The first part of this Bachelor’s thesis describes problems of electric discharges in gas and on a surface of water solutions. It focuses on the generation of the active particles that are generated during the discharge and their subsequent analysis by appropriate analytical methods. The second part focuses on identification of the active particles that are generated during the microwave discharge in gas phase and during the interaction with water solution surface. The aim is to determine the influence of experimental conditions on the information of the active particles, specifically the nitrates and nitrite ions.
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Zhodnocení stavu povodí Kovalovického potoka
Křížová, Petra
This bachelor thesis The evaluation of the river basin condition of the Kovalovický potok deals with monitoring of concrete water quality indicators. The following parameters were observed: dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates and chemical oxygen demand. The monitoring took place between the March 2017 and February 2018 on eight profiles, where the water was taken. The theoretical part is focused on general information about water and its basic sorting, surface water quality and its pollution and water erosion issues. Then, there are selected indicators of surface water quality and their characteristics, as well as chosen legislation dealing with surface water pollution. The practical part is concentrated on the river basin characteristic, description of the sampling points and description of the field and laboratory work. An important part is the results of the measurement and discussion in which these results are compared with ČSN 75 7221 and NV 401/2015 Sb. The results show that the largest pollution is caused by sewage that is illegally discharged into the watercourse.
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Studie možných zdrojů znečištění na vybraném úseku vodního toku Račický v obci Odunec
Dobrovolný, Michal
The bachelor’s thesis with the theme of „Study of possible sources of pollution in the selected part of the watercourse“ deals with possible sources of pollution of the selected part of Račický potok. The theoretical part treats the characteristics of surface water and their preservation including valid legislation. After that there are described the ways of surface water pollution including particular elements and substances, which contaminate water. The practical part deals with collecting of the individual samples in selected collection points and their laboratory analysis. As the magnitudes for the analysis were selected: the amount of oxygen dissolved in water, electrolytic conductivity, the reaction of pH in the water, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus. In another chapters the results are interpreted and discussed with the valid legislation. The evaluation of the analysis shows a deterioration of the quality of the water, which is in Odunec caused by releasing the sewage water right into the watercourse and the absence of phosphorus precipitation in ČOV Krhov. In the conclusion there are suggested possible steps for improvement of the water quality in the selected area.
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Analýza zdrojů znečištění v povodí vodního zdroje Skalice nad Svitavou a návrh ochranných opatření z hlediska znečištění dusičnany
Boráková, Jana
This diploma thesis focuses on an analysis of the sources of pollution in the catchment area of the water source in Skalice nad Svitavou, which is used as a supply of drinking water. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issues related to the given topic, as well as the area of interest and the water source. Field research was conducted in the catchment area of the water source, and samplings spots for monitoring water quality in the watercourse of Úmoří were determined, as the watercourse runs near the water source. Samples were collected every three months and, subsequently, analysed in the laboratory of ÚAKE AF MENDELU. The findings were evaluated according to the valid legislation. The water quality of the water source was also evaluated for the time period of the last five years. On the basis of all of these findings, protective measures were proposed to improve the protection of the water source.
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