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The parasitic microorganisms in immunodeficient and healthy population of honebees (Apis mellifra)
Bičianová, Martina ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Titěra, Dalibor (referee)
Immunodeficient honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies suffer from broad range of parasites including eukaryotic protozoa. Despite this fact, the eukaryotic parasites are still poorly documented in the Czech Republic. The presence of eukaryotic parasites (Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis, Crithidia mellificae and Apicystis bombi) was observed in different apiaries in the Czech Republic. The samples were taken in 9 apiaries in 53 beehives during the 2014/2015 season. From each beehive, 10 adult of honey bees were taken from the peripheral comb in triplicate. DNA was isolated from every sample of honey bees. The parasites were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. The treatment fall of parasitic mite Varroa destructor was obtained from beekeepers for season of 2014. Crithidia mellificae was detected by 5 types of specific primers (SEF, SER; SSU, SSU rRNA, Cyt b, Tryp cyt b) and positive amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared with GeneBank and showed similarity from 98-100% to sequences of Lotmaria passim (Trypanosomatid). Crithidia mellificae was not detected. L. passim had prevalence of 79,2% and is reported in the Czech Republic for the first time. Primer Tryp-cyt b is recommended for the routine detection of L. passim. Nosema ceranae was...
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Beekeeping Exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden and its Application in the Process of Education
Fialová, Alžběta ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Beekeeping Exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden and its Application in the Process of Education This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of a beekeeping exposition of the Prague Botanical Garden currently in a phase of planning. It is divided in two parts. In the first part, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is described - its anatomy, ethology, diseases and bee products. In the last chapter of the theoretical part an example of a possible use of a traditional artificial hive in primary school education is introduced. The second part is dedicated to the beekeeping exposition itself and includes a questionnaire survey, the aim of which is to find out to what extent the topic of the honey bee is dealt with in the curriculum; whether schools organize any events related to the topic such as discussion forums or educational excursions to eco-centres; or whether schools would be interested in the planned exposition as well as available materials such as worksheets. Furthermore, the planned exposition is described and its possible application in the process of education is suggested. Later, significant plants suitable for beekeeping, which had been mentioned in the description of the exposition proposal, are thoroughly described in a well-arranged chart. At the end of the thesis, a worksheet for lower...
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Atractivity of buckwheat for bees
KOSCHANT, Jan
This diploma thesis ,,buckwheat attractivity for bees" deals mainly with native nectar plants for the processing of bees to honey. Work is folded in two parts. The theoretical part deals with the migration of colonies, both for nectar crops and plants with bee pollination needs. In ractical part of this thesis microscopic pollen analysis were performed and contents of pollen grains in honey from colonies, which were relocated to buckwheat growth was evaluated. Comparison of this honey with honey from the hives with similaar location, but without access to buckwheat growth was done.
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New trends in prevention and negotiation of varroosis
LUKÁŠKOVÁ, Jana
Varroa destructor, in Czech language known as kleštík včelí, is a parasitic mite (of eastern bee and honeybee) which causes the disease called varroasis. Kleštík is like a black passenger on the body of bees and drones, which commonly penetrate foreign hives, and because of that they can be considered the main vector of parasite. In the Czech Republic we fight this parasite using methods every since its discovery in the early 80s of the 20th century. Some methods are defined by the Veterinary Institute in the Czech Republic and the others were disovered by the beekeepers themselves. The main purpose of this thesis was to determine what are current methods to suppress or to completely obliterate the infection caused by Varroa destructor. What methods have proved to be most effective, and what new methods were invented from the time of its discovery. I conducted a field experiment bee hives belonging to beekeeping organizations Trhové Sviny during the 2015 and the 2016. The practical part of my research ( i.e. occurrence and also the review of varroasis disease treatment) had little effect on normal activities of beekeepers. The process of Varroa destructor presence, its treatment and the methods of treatment researched. Based on the collected samples sent to Veterinary Administration for testing to find out whether are the Varroa counter measures effective or not. The conclusion of my reasearch ist he unificated treatment and detection of Varroa are of the main importance. That goes not only for the beekeeping associations but also by unregistered beekeepers. Because the amount of bee colonies here in the Czech Republic is huge, the use of alternative treatment and suppresing procedures as well as the intentional breeding for resistance against Varroa are rather unrealistic, the only viable option fort he moment , is to follow Veterinary Services guidelines.
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Importance of insect for the pollination of crops
RŮŽIČKA, Vít
The pollination is an essential service of the ecosystem, which involves besides natural influences also animals. Hymenopteran insects belong to the most significant pollinators. For humans, the most important pollinator is the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is bred for thousands of years, but its state is being declined in last decades. Reasons of the decline of bee colonies can be found in the intensification of agriculture (pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals) and spreading of diseases (American foulbrood and varroasis). Another important pollinator, which could possibly replace honey bees, are solitary wild bee species. But even those are also affected by intensive agriculture. In these species it is not affected only by the massive use of chemical agents, but also by the change in the structure of the landscape and the loss of natural location for nesting. An important step to protect bees (honey bees and wild bees) is the quantification of its value in the ecosystem service. On this basis, the governments compile new laws, but it is also important for protecting at the regional level.
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Produkce a kvalita medu a biomedu
KLEČKOVÁ, Romana
The aim of bachelor thesis was to compare production and quality of honey and organic honey from South Bohemia region. Sensory and chemical analysis of selected organic honeydew honey and conventional blossom honey was done. Chemical analysis assessed these traits water content, sucrose content, hydroxymethylfurfural content and electric conductivity. Obtained analyse's results were compared with legislative requirements for honey quality by Czech Ministry of Agriculture Notice no. 73/2003 Sb. and Czech beekeepers association's standard no. 1/1999 Czech honey. Only organic honey (sample no. 2) did not received Czech honey quality certificate. Measured water content was 19.5 %. Czech honey standard allows water content only up to 18 %. Higher water content was caused by beekeeper by premature honey removal. Honey was not properly matured. Other analysed traits met both quality standards. Lower honey production was found in case of organic beekeeping. Using blossom honey as a winter season reserve is a common practise in organic beekeeping, which reduces the total amount of produced (obtained) honey. Furthermore honey bee pasture and veterinary treatments are only naturally based. Organic honey production was at level of 10 to 11.5 kilogram (without 7 7.5 kg of honey due to food for overwintering) per hive whereas conventional honey production was at level of 23 to 26 kilogram per hive. Organic honey production is not based on quantity but the effort is put on bee contentment welfare.
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Diversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in oilseed rape field
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Pavlína
Measuring the diversity of bees was provided in two rapeseed fields (Dešenice, Miletice) in western Bohemia, where various species of bees were caught at eight different locations during two periods (March - April, May June). The bees were collected by using Moerickeho cups (yellow traps) with a concentrated solution of water and detergent.
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Včelařství v ekologickém zemědělství
DVOŘÁK, Zdeněk
The bachelor´s thesis deals with beekeeping in the Czech Republic. It compares conventional and organic beekeeping. The aim is to inform about the demands and conditions, which are needed to run organic beekeeping according to the applicable legislation. The work deals with the knowledge of bees´ life, their origin, history and importance. Furthermore, it is dedicated to the structure of bee community, and describes the work of the beekeeper during the entire year. The text that follows up the bee diseases and pest is an important part of the work. There are also mentioned requirements for obtaining the certification for organic products, i.e. organic honey and wax from organic farm. Some specific examples are used to compare conditions and the results of two farms in organic and conventional mode for the period from 2010 to 2015. The average honey production in conventional beekeeping ranged from 20.86 kg to 26.21 kg of honey per hive, in organic beekeeping the average production was from 9.16 kg to 11.54 kg of organic honey. The cause of lower production of organic honey is the legislative measures, which require keeping of about 2/3 of honey as a resource for wintering the hives. The average price of organic honey was 250 CZK oppose to honey with an average exercise price of 150 CZK.
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The importance of production and quality of pollen in the summer and late summer for the bee colonies (case studies from around of the village Volary - CHKO Šumava)
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the spring and early summer in the area of the protected landscape Šumava
ŠEMRO, Martin
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee pollens. Pollen analysis consisted in the distribution of samples to individual sub-samples . Samples were weighed and a part of them was dissolved in a solution of glycerin and water. Dissolved samples were viewed under a microscope. Pollen was removed by the beekeeper Mgr .Milan Trhlín with using a device called pollen catcher. The samples were collected in the year 2011 in the spring and early summer period from beehive location on the hill Lískovec, of the protected landscape Šumava 1,8 km west of city Volary, at a time of 25. march to 24. june. Another objective of the work was with using phytocenology study, in the distance 1,5 km from the beehive habitat, evaluate the structure of plant association from the point of nutrition honeybees. The work also includes evaluation preference bees for individual plant species. There were detected, that bees prefer the plants that provide the best digest pollen and the plants which grows up to 1,5 km from beehive habitat. There were distinguised 32 types of pollen grains.
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