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Internal combustion engines of Volkswagen group
Kalnaši, Radoslav ; Novotný, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
Radoslav Kalnaši Internal combustion engines of Volkswagen Group This bachelor thesis evaluates development of the Volkswagen combustion engines, the present state and the future perspective. It provides description of the historical evolution of the Volkswagen combustion engines. The thesis concentrates on the present Volkswagen drive unit and possibilities of the future Volkswagen engines development.
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The utilization of the individual gears for tractors higher power series
DRAHOŠ, Pavel
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to monitor the operation of two tractors with different transmission variants with a shift under full load and the group lifting under load, in terms of used gear at different working deployment (stubble, plowing, sowing). First, the literature review describes the historical development, construction and activity currently used tractor transmissions. The following is a description of the methodology of measurement and evaluation, bringing used calculation formula. Custom measurements were performed on tractors John Deere 7810 with transmission Powershift 19/7 and AutoQuad 20/20 and proved that in practise there are only using a few of the many gears installed. For a simple design optimization gears are used total tables extended with graphs for individual transmissions. Based on the measurement and after the data analysis is presented the proposal of transmission with 10 forward gears and 2 reverse gears with a fully stamped gears under load. Current manufactures and the market, however, now offer tractors with mechanical transmissions increasing amount of gears than in the past. Increasingly, the trend is promoting the installation of transmisson with the fluent change of transmission ratio to the current use of advanced contemporary electronic transmission control and engine tractor.
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A Split Hopkinson Bar Method for Testing Materials with Low Characteristic Impedance
Buchar, J. ; Řídký, R. ; Drdlová, M. ; Trnka, Jan
A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique has been developed to study dynamic behaviour of materials having low characteristic impedance. To enable better matching of characteristic impedance with a specimen, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bar is used as the output bar. The viscoelastic properties of PMMA are determined in advance through preliminary experiments. In the present SHPB method, the wave analysis of the stress pulses is executed in the frequency domain. Transmitted pulses on the PMMA output bar resulting from a SHPB test are resolved into frequency components by the Fourier transform, and are corrected to be the waveforms at the specimen-bar interfaces. The corrected waveforms have been used for the evaluation of experimental results on the stress pulse transmission and reflection at the interface between elastic (Aluminium) and viscoelastic bars.
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Viral hepatitis E
ANDĚLOVÁ, Šárka
The thesis contains basic information regarding Viral hepatitis E, particularly the causative agents, human and animal strains, the clinical picture and occurrence in the Czech Republic as well as abroad. The practical part is focused on analysis of trends of occurrence of the viral hepatitis E in the Czech Republic from the very earliest, up until the present time. The research further looks at morbidity in the different regions of the Czech Republic, which is compared to the morbidity in Plzen region. The practical part further focuses on the specific source, route of transmission and possible preventive measures against viral hepatitis E. In this work, both quantitative and qualitative types of research were used. In quantitative research, secondary analysis of data was used from various sources like EPIDAT. In the qualitative research, semi standardised interviews with doc. MUDr. Petr Pazdiora CSc, and with MVDR. Vaclav Polacek. Based on the interviews, an educational material in form of a leaflet was created. From the year 1996 to the year 2012, a total of 894 cases of HEV where recorded. In 1996, there was only one case of Viral hepatitis E which was recorded. From 1997 to 2005, the occurrence was sporadic and negligible. From 2006, there was a linear increase in viral hepatitis E. The incidence significantly increased in the year 2009 and 2011. In the Czech Republic, Viral Hepatitis E has an upward trend of occurrence. Viral hepatitis E cannot be prevented by active immunization, possibility of a vaccine is still being investigated. Basic preventive measures include maintaining principles of hygiene like avoiding drinking water from unknown sources, food should be prepared using drinking water and fruit should be properly washed and then peeled before consumption. It is important to find out about the occurrence of viral hepatitis E, before travelling to any foreign country. During meat processing, it is important to avoid cross contamination between clean and unclean operations. Before consuming foods like black pudding, sausages, steaks and pies, it is important to ensure that this food is properly cooked using adequate heat and for a period of time. From the research, it can be concluded that, there is need to devote adequate attention to viral hepatitis E. It may seem that the incidence in the Czech Republic is not serious, but it is important to focus on public awareness of this disease, especially the preventive measures so as to stop it from spreading.
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The Awareness of HIV/AIDS among students of the Secondary Health School in Písek
NOVOTNÁ, Jana
HIV / AIDS places many governmental, national and international organizations in a difficult situation. Despite the global efforts aimed at the prevention and treatment of this disease, the number of HIV positive persons as well as people dying of AIDS is increasing every year. It is considered that a key role to reduce this trend is played by education, especially among teenagers, who are one of the most vulnerable groups in the transmission of HIV / AIDS. Healthcare professionals should have enough quality information about the issue of HIV / AIDS, because it may just be they who will be one of the links leading to the reduction in the incidence of this infectious disease. This thesis, titled ?Informing students of the Secondary Medical Schools Písek about HIV / AIDS?, contains two parts. The first one is theoretical and it deals with general issues of HIV / AIDS, its characteristics, history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical picture, diagnostics, and treatment. Moreover, it deals with possible methods of preventing HIV transmission, including prevention of HIV transmission in healthcare facilities. This part does not omit the role of peer education and nurses as possible mediators for the transmission of information on preventing HIV / AIDS transmission. The second part summarizes the results of quantitative research, which was conducted with the participation of students of the Secondary Medical School in Písek in the survey. The questionnaire, intended for the students of the said school, was designed in order to verify the knowledge of future healthcare professionals about HIV / AIDS and also it asked whether the students, as adolescents, behave in a way as to increase the risk of HIV transmission. In the questionnaire, which contained 22 questions, the students could express their subjective views on the quality and amount of information about HIV / AIDS provided in their classes at school. The research results were processed and presented by the graphs, bar as well as pie ones, in the empirical part of this thesis. After reviewing the results from the questionnaire these hypotheses were confirmed: H1 Students know the methods of preventing HIV infection. H2 Higher-form students have a wider knowledge of the principles of HIV / AIDS than students of lower forms. In contrast, hypothesis H3 was disproved , which was: ?Students of all forms at the SZŠ in Písek have more information on HIV / AIDS, as compared to an earlier research, than students of another non-medical branch secondary school?. For this purpose, the results of a thesis by Lucie Stříteská were used. Stříteská studied the level of knowledge about HIV / AIDS among students of a secondary vocational school in Valašské Meziříčí in 2008. The results of this thesis can be used by the Secondary Medical School in Písek, or its management and teachers, to learn about the level of students? knowledge about HIV / AIDS and to intensify education in areas where students do not have a good knowledge level during the study.
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Incidence of Blood-Born and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases with Focus on HBV and HCV in the Central Bohemia Region.
VELEKOVÁ, Petra
Viral hepatitides B and C are among the most widespread and at the same time most serious blood-born and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation considers the incidence of both infections to be an epidemic and, according to its estimates, there are 2 billion of people infected by hepatitis B virus and over 170 million of people infected by hepatitis C virus worldwide. Viral hepatitides B and C are diseases infecting the liver frequently becoming chronic and presenting a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Acute hepatitis C allegedly develops into chronic condition in approximately 85 % of CASE, and around one third of chronic hepatitis C patiens develop cirrhosis and many of them a liver carcinoma. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of acute hepatitis B developing into a chronic condition and possibly leading to cirrhosis or a hepatocellular carcinoma and the patientś age, it is indicated at 90 {--} 95 % in neonates, at 25 {--} 50 % in 1 to 5-year-olds, at 5 {--} 10 % in older children and adults. These diseases also have considerable socioeconomic impacts. Vaccination has been the most effective preventive measure agains viral hepatitis B, so far, no effective vaccine has been found for hepatitis C virus. The fundamental precautions against both types of viral hepatis consist in non-specific prevention related to the means of transmission of infection, namely avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids of any infected person. Both hepatitis B and C are most frequently trasmitted parenterally, by means of sexual intercourse, vertical transmission is less common. Before the introduction of screening tests for blood donors, viral hepatitides B and C were most frequently transferred via blood transfusion. At present, intravenous administration of illicit drugs presents a major risk factor due to sharing needles, syringes and other instruments among users. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes present day knowledge on viral hepatitides B and C. The practical part focuses on the incidence and means of transmission of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Central Bohemia Region within a 10-year period. I also aimed to examine viral hepatitides B and C transmission risks awareness, and safe-sex rules observation among a selected group of the Central Bohemia population.
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Mycotic disease - social and psychological problem
KARAFIÁTOVÁ, Iva
In my opinion, the topic of my thesis - {\clqq}Mycotic diseases {--} a social and psychological problem`` is a very current issue. In my thesis I describe individual types of mycotic diseases with regard to their epidemiological characteristics, techniques and options of treatment. I also give information on preventive measures to help prevent transmission of the infection. The first objective of the thesis was to identify the most often diagnosed mycoses in the dermatologist´s consulting room during one year. This objective was achieved by using medical history records and it was found out that the most frequent diseases are especially fungal nail infection, fungal foot infection and superficial mycosis - Pityriasis versicolor. The second objective was to evaluate psychological and social impact in patients with mycotic diseases in comparison with respondents from general public. This objective was achieved as well. Using questionnaires, 60 respondents were asked 34 questions. The questions were prepared in such a way that information both from the dermatologist´s consulting room patients and from respondents from general public could have been obtained by the inquiry. The outcome of the whole inquiry was supposed to be evaluation of two hypotheses. The first one should have confirmed or rejected the idea that patients with mycotic disease in medical history have more information on this issue, better awareness about options of transmission prevention, prevention of re-infection and they behave more responsibly regarding prevention of mycoses transmission in population than the others. The second hypothesis stated that mycotic diseases have negative social and psychological impact. In the conclusion both hypotheses were basically confirmed. Awareness of respondents from general public is not on a high level, on the contrary, large majority admitted lack of awareness about this issue. Negative impact in people suffering from this disease is very perceptible. Most respondents perceive the disease as a social handicap and they try to hide the possible visible symptoms on their body at any cost. Adverse reactions to them from their family and relatives or from the public are no exception. In my opinion, the further procedures to improve the existing situation should be adhering to preventive measures such as maintaining personal hygiene or disinfection of risky areas. However, I find especially important to talk about these diseases, in public and without constraints. To support the diseased and to inform general public by means of media, leaflets or by public lectures and talks.
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