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The Interpreter's and Listener's Perception of Speed in the Process of Simultaneous Interpretation: an Analysis of Theory and Practice Pertaining to French-Czech and Czech-French Material
Tite, Barbora ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of the subjective perception of the speaker's speed during simultaneous interpretation. The theoretical grounding of the thesis is based on Karla Déjean Le Féal's doctoral thesis (1978), which first introduced the notion of subjective speed, whereby two speeches of equal objective speed (as measured in syllables/min.) are perceived as having different speeds. The conclusions of Déjean Le Féal's thesis demonstrate that interpreters usually experience a faster subjective speed when interpreting speeches which were prewritten and then read aloud by the speaker. Impromptu speeches are usually perceived as being slower than read speeches. Aside from the above-mentioned theory of subjective speed, the theoretical section of this thesis analyzes various approaches to measuring speech speed, the relation between objective speed and simultaneous interpreting, the determinants of speech speed and prosodic features influencing the subjective perception of speed. The empirical section of this thesis consists of an experiment which aims to verify Déjean Le Féal's conclusions using French-Czech material. The methodology of the experiment partially replicates the method used by Aneta Mandysová in her master's thesis (2011), which is focused on German-Czech material. The method used...
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Interpreting and its influence on the quality of sign language interpreters' operative memory
Vaněčková, Lenka ; Hynková Dingová, Naďa (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on interpreting with regard to simultaneous interpreting and sign language interpreting with all of its specifics. Furthermore, it deals with memory as such, as well as with working memory, which is consequently correlated with sign language users, with the process of simultaneous interpreting and with sign language interpreting. The empirical part is based on a qualitative research - testing of working memory among a group of sign language interpreters, spoken language interpreters and non- interpreters through Reading Span Task and Corsi's test. The results form the basis for a hypothesis necessary for the ensuing quantitative exploration: interpreting has a positive influence on the quality of working memory among sign language interpreters.
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Daniel Gile's effort model in simultaneous interpreting
Tauchmanová, Jana ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor) ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee)
6 Summary Simultaneous interpreting is a very complex cognitive process. Daniel Gile's Effort Model is an attempt to describe in a schematic way the various competing processes that simultaneous interpreting is composed of. The model is based on findings from cognitive psychology, especially those relating to working memory and the limited processing capacity of the human mind. It defines the process of simultaneous interpreting as a combination of three individual, yet coinciding efforts (the Listening and Analysis Effort, the Production Effort, the Memory Effort), which require a certain amount of processing capacity to assure quality interpreting performance. Problem triggers can cause saturation of the interpreter's processing capacity to occur. Saturation manifests itself either by failure sequences or by the deterioration of the interpreter's performance, immediately or at a distance. The focus of our thesis is on processing capacity saturation due to numbers in simultaneous interpreting, from the point of view of the Effort Model. The first part of our paper is theoretical and deals with the various aspects of the simultaneous interpreting process, especially those relating to processing capacity, saturation and working memory; as well as with questions of well-known problem triggers, interpreting...
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The use of pause in simultaneous interpreting
Samková, Monika ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to shed light on the role of pauses in simultaneous interpreting between French and Czech, mainly from the point of view of the listeners of the source speeches in French as well as both students of interpretation and professional interpreters and from the viewpoint of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. It is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part briefly outlines the process of simultaneous interpreting and Daniel Gile's Effort Model and then it focuses on prosody and individual prosodic (suprasegmental) features, especially pauses and their use in simultaneous interpreting. The empirical part describes the experiment and presents its results. The experiment itself examines the effect that unnaturally long or unnaturally placed pauses in the speaker's quasi-authentic source speeches have on the choice of strategy and the simultaneous interpreters' performances (students and professionnals) and on the subsequent assessment of their performances made by the listeners of the interpreted speeches. Keywords simultaneous interpreting, pause, listener, speech, speaker, interpreter, comprehensibility
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The Correlation between the Speed of the Source Speech and Simultaneous Interpreter's Performance.
Moravcová, Dagmar ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to look into the correlation between the speed of the source speech and simultaneous interpreter's performance between Czech and French from the perspective of the French listeners of the source speeches in French, of two groups of interpreters (students and professionals) and of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part outlines Daniel Gile's Effort Model and than focuses on the delivery rate of the source speech and on various theoretical approaches of different scholars, on the errors occured in the process of simultaneous interpreting, on intrepretation strategies and on the quality of interpretation. The empirical part describes the research method, the experiment itself and the results of the experiment which focuses both on the number of occurences of different interpretation stategies in relation to the source speech delivery rate and on the number of occurences of various error categories depending on the speed of the quasi-authentic source speeches. The empirical part examines the differences between the performance of the students and of the interpreters. Their performance is then assessed by the Czech listeners. Keywords simultaneous interpretation,...
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Neurolinguistic approach to interpreting research in Italy (SSLMIT Trieste): a critical survey in the context of further developments
Kadová, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning- based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...
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Využití pracovní paměti v procesu simultánního tlumočení
Timarová, Šárka ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Hodáková, Soňa (referee) ; Pöchhocker, Franz (referee)
Šárka Timarová: Pracovní paměť v konferenčním simultánním tlumočení disertační práce Abstrakt Tato disertační práce se zaměřuje na otázku zapojení pracovní paměti v procesu konferenčního tlumočení. Pracovní paměť je pro simultánní tlumočení považována za klíčový kognitivní mechanismus, ale toto tvrzení zatím nebylo významně empiricky podloženo. Předkládaná studie vychází z teoretické literatury jak v oblasti tlumočení, tak v oblasti kognitivní psychologie. Analýza publikovaných empirických prací ukázala několik mezer v současném bádání, a to především skutečnost, že výzkum se dosud soustředil pouze na některé funkce pracovní paměti (především funkce paměťové) a na testování osob bez tlumočnické praxe či s praxí omezenou (studenti tlumočení). Předkládaná studie pojímá pracovní paměť šířeji se zvláštním zřetelem k funkcím řídícím, které úzce souvisejí s pozorností, a dále se zaměřuje výlučně na profesionální tlumočníky. Podstatou studie je srovnání výkonu tlumočníků v testech pracovní paměti a při simultánním tlumočení. Výsledky ukazují, že a) existuje vztah mezi pracovní pamětí tlumočníků a simultánním tlumočením, b) tento vztah se týká především funkcí řídících; u funkcí paměťových se žádný zásadní vztah neprokázal, c) některé funkce pracovní paměti se rozvíjejí spolu s tlumočnickou praxí, a d) vztah...
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Typology of errors in the process of interpretation from Czech sign language into Czech
Šantrůčková, Vendula ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Petráňová, Romana (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to categorise and describe formal errors of sign language interpreters. It focuses on errors committed during interpretation from a sign language into a spoken language, e.g. from the Czech sign language into Czech. Sign language interpreting is usually simultaneous. That is why there is a chapter on the simultaneous interpretation process. Next chapter describes interpreting strategies and roles of simultaneous interpretation process participants. The subsequent part describes the specificity of sign language interpretation. In includes a brief history of interpreting for the deaf as well as equal competences of both spoken and sign languages interpreters, specific competences of sign language interpreters and an explanation of similarities and differences between spoken and sign language interpretation. The next section is focused on errors of spoken language interpreters and errors of sign language interpreters. Empirical part describes research based on recordings of formals errors of sign language interpreters. This chapter defines the research hypothesis and formal errors resulting from individual research and it contains an analysis of the research itself. There is an exercise for interpreters based on analysis of the research. The final part of the thesis consists of...
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Neurolinguistic Approach to Interpreting Research in Italy (SSLMIT Trieste): Beginning and Recent Trends
Kadová, Alžběta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
An important field of interpreting research, neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting strategy (literal vs. meaning-based interpretation) or on the direction of interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language). The thesis focuses on the research into hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy - the place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years. The beginning chapters of this theoretical study present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics, necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research in the...
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Theoretical predictions of the impact of a noisy channel on interpreters' performance in simultaneous interpretation and their empirical verification
Volenová, Eva ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Ďoubalová, Jana (referee)
This thesis explores the issue of noise in the simultaneous interpreting process, using the concept of noise as defined in information theory and the model of communication developed by Claude Shannon. The theoretical section of this thesis first offers a brief explanation of the basic concepts involved in information theory, followed by a description of Shannon's model. Selected models of interpreting are then introduced based on this model of communication. A list of potential types of noise is then presented based on the literature examined that may have an impact on the interpreter during simultaneous interpreting. The empirical section of this thesis consists of a questionnaire and an experiment. The questionnaire determines to what extent interpreters find the potential types of noise from the list created in the theoretical section disruptive in their work. The list of types of noise is also expanded based on respondents' answers. The questionnaire also determines what strategies respondents employ to overcome adverse factors. The new types of noise and strategies employed are described in this thesis using open-ended answers from the respondents. The experiment tests the impact of a burst-noise channel on simultaneous interpreting. A total of 13 respondents took part in the experiment,...
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