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Boryt barvířský (Isatis tinctoria) jako potenciálně invazní druh v CHKO Pálava. Vyhodnocení efektivity různých likvidačních opatření
Klepárníková, Michaela
This study is focused on the monitoring of the population dynamics of the dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) in the National Nature Reserve Děvín-Kotel-Soutěska. In the course of thesis, monitoring areas were established to assess the most suitable liquidation interven-tion in the case of a progressive invasion of the species in the location. The number of plants and their distribution on the area were continuously monitored and compared to the previous period. Results of study are a detailed plots of areas and a tables with num-bers of plants in 2015 and 2016. During the first two years of monitoring, there has not yet been a statistically significant decrease in either of the monitored localities. The reason for this can be the long-term supply of viable seeds in the soil, and according to profes-sional literature it can be assumed that the differences in the types of interventions that occur will take effect after several years. Due to the application of herbicide preparations, we can recommend Dicopur M 750 as the most effective for dyer's woad. Results of this study will serve as a background material for the Administration of Protected Landscape Area Pálava and for Nature Conservation Agency of Brno.
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The spread of invasive neophytes in the riparian vegetation of the Lužnice River
Eliášová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hrdina, Aleš (referee)
This thesis studies the spread of invasive neophytes along the South Bohemian Lužnice River. The literature search deals with plant invasions, floodplains and the area of interest. The riparian vegetation along the Lužnice River was mapped with emphasis on 17 taxons of invasive neophytes. The mapping was realized in four sections that were 3-5 km long. The results are compared with the state ascertained by monitoring in the same location in 2008. The results indicate a general increase of invasions and an intensive spread of Impatiens parviflora since the previous mapping. Generally widespread invasive taxa in the studied area are Impatiens parviflora and Impatiens glandulifera of the herbaceous plants. The occurence of Robinia pseudacacia of the woody plants is also common. Other observed taxa occur only locally or in smaller amounts. Keywords: IAS, riparian vegetation, plant invasion, vegetation mapping, watercourse, vegetation change
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Habitat colonization by neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and estimate of factors limiting its spread
Rumlerová, Zuzana
Invasive spread of neophyte Impatiens glandulifera in central Europe started approximatelly eighty years ago. First records of dense cover stands come from belt stands in riparian habitats. The scale of invaded habitats and degree of the dominance of I. glandulifera is more diversified nowadays. This thesis is objected on the dominance and fertility of I. glandulifera within different habitat types and scale of invaded habitats in different parts of invaded range within Europe (i. e. in Czech Republic and Switzerland). The results show that the height and cover (substitutes for biomass and dominance) of this neophyte (i) correlates with the character of invaded vegetation (ii) relates to the degree of hemeroby (a measure of human impact) negativelly, and (iii), of course, both the growth and dominance are positively affected by nutrient content. Fertility does not differ among the types of invaded habitats, but goes up with the height of I. glandulifera and decreases with its cover. Invaded habitats comprises ruderal and riparian vegetation, but also wet maedows, forest clearances, beach and slope forests or weed vegetation.
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Mechanisms affecting plant-soil feedback in invasive species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rumlerová, Zuzana (referee)
Invasive plants worldwide cause considerable ecologic and economic damage. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of plant invasion. One of the explanations of the success of invasive plants is their effective use of feedback interactions between plant and soil. Plant-soil feedback greatly affects the prosperity of a plant. While in most plants the intraspecific feedback is negative, invasive species show less negative or even positive intraspecific feedback. This may be due to the fact that invasive plants have the ability to alter soil composition to their advantage. This work deals with the individual components of plant-soil feedback, abiotic and biotic factors influencing the process, and summarizes their importance for plant invasion. The subject of the following diploma thesis will be a research on the significance of the individual biotic and abiotic components of the plant-soil feedback and assessing their importance for plant invasion. Key words: plant invasions, plant-soil feedback, mutualism, biotic factors, abiotic factors
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Giant hogweed - negative impact of invasion and means of eradication
Uhlíková, Martina ; Müllerová, Jana (advisor) ; Pergl, Jan (referee)
Giant hogweed - negative impact of invasion and means of eradication Invasions represent in most cases negative aspects of current globalized world. Dispersion of non-native species occurs daily and it is caused by anthropogenic or natural processes. Plant species belong to the best described invasive organisms. An emblematic species of plant invasions in the Czech Republic is giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum. It is one of the most detailed documented non-native species occurring in this country. Due to its qualities hogweed spreads quickly and establishes large stands, which can negatively influence surroundings and lead to both ecologic end economic damage. Compared to other invasive plant species of the Czech Republic, giant hogweed has also negative effects on human health. Due to these characteristics giant hogweed has been an object of interest of many scientific projects, e.g. Giant Alien, aiming to understand attributes that enable its successful invasion. This thesis attempts to give a summary of attributes enabling succesful penetration of giant hogweed into environment, and alert to its negative impact that influences also human activities. Presented data include properties causing hogweed's successfull spread, and means of its eradication. Major part of thesis is devoted to...
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Effect of plant invasions on arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis
Cihlářová, Lucie ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
People have been travelling for centuries, together with accompanying animals and plants from their fatherlands. This transfer can be either conscious or accidental. In both cases, the introduced species enter new interactions with local organisms which can lead even to a change of functioning of whole ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the most important and widespread symbiotic relationships of vascular plants and soil fungi, known from approximately 80 % terrestrial plant families. The symbiosis han an irreplaceable role for host plants in uptake of mineral nutrients. An introduction of invasive plants to non-native biotopes can have a significant influence on the fragile balance between the symbionts, which can subsequently influence whole ecosystem. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, the characteristic of plant invasions and its influence on AM fungi in invaded areas.
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Effect of plant-soil feedback on plant invasiveness
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Understanding the causes of biological invasions is a key topic of ecological research in the last decades. Invasive plant species threaten communities, ecosystems and humans in many different ways. Therefore, it is important to determine what characteristics enable them to become invasive. In this work, I summarize the possible causes and consequences of plant invasions focusing on one possible mechanism - the plant-soil feedback. This feedback can support or suppress the growth of plants. Most species have negative feedback, but some invasive plants have positive feedback. And that could be the cause of their invasiveness. This work summarizes the findings of the plant-soil feedback, the methods to study the feedback and especially the importance of plant-soil feedback for plant invasiveness.
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Small balsam (Impatiens parviflora DC.) as an invasive neophyte of Central Europe
Florianová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čuda, Jan (referee)
Plant invasions are one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Since there are many invasive species and because their elimination is very expensive, we cannot fight against all of them. To decide with which species we should fight and with which not, we need to have enough relevant knowledge about these species. In this thesis I deal with one of the most widespread invasive plants in Central Europe, small balsam (Impatiens parviflora DC.). I summarise information about origin, invasion history, and current distribution of the species, about its morphology, autecology, impact on native vegetation, and factors limiting its spread. As for the last two points, I point out methodological deficiencies in previous studies that make it impossible for us to distinguish between the cause and the effect of small balsam occurrence, i.e. what is the factor affecting its spread and what is the impact of small balsam on native vegetation. I propose experiments that should resolve these questions.
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Interactions between plants and soil biota and effect of energetic crops on these interactions
Heděnec, Petr ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Pergl, Jan (referee) ; Mortimer, Simon (referee)
My PhD thesis is focused on study of plant-soil interactions. Chapter 1 is focused on general introduction to the interactions between plants and soil biota in terms of relationships between soil organisms and aboveground biomass as well as root biomass. Chapter 2 is focused on food interaction of Folsomia candida and soil microscopic fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Absidia glauca, and Cladosporium herbarum). Fungi were grown separately on Petri dishes or on different litter type (oak, alder and willow) separately as well. Laboratory experiments showed that food preference was more influenced by different litter types than fungal species. In chapter 3 was studied long-term production of hybrid sorrel and its effect on the composition of the soil meso and macrofauna, basal soil respiration, microbial biomass and composition of cultivable fraction of soil microscopic fungi in comparison with oilseed rape and cultural meadow. There was found that long-term production of hybrid sorrel affects the composition of soil fauna, while the microbial activity of the soil was more affected by agriculture practices, especially tillage. In chapter 4 was studied the effect of native (Salix viminialis and Phalaris arudinacea) and introduced (Reynoutria sachalinensis, Silphium perfoliatum and...
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