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Hydrological function of peat bogs and peat water properties of the Vydra River headwaters
Doležal, Tomáš ; Kocum, Jan (advisor) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
The retention potential of landscapes, along with the water regime of spring areas, are important hydrological topics of research, particularly in the current context of increasing extreme drought frequencies. The present work is focused on monitoring the mountain peat bogs, which, due to their overall frequency of occurrence in the spring area of the Vydra river, represent a significant constituent of the rainfall-runoff process of the area of interest. The specific hydropedological features of the organogenous soils (Histosol type soil) provide the high retention potential of the area, however, the influence of these soils on the runoff process is determined by complex physicogeographical factors. The general opinion on the hydrological function of the peat bogs has changed in recent years and the most important factor in the runoff formation in the mountain area of the Šumava Mts. is now thought to be the actual saturation of the headwater, which is predominantly composed of hydromorphic and organogenous soils. The organogenous soils are significant water reservoirs and have an important impact on the landscape. However, they may also intensify the extreme values of the watercourses during extreme precipitation events. The fundamental part of this work focuses on detailed observations of the...
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Changes of organic carbon in surface waters in headwater areas
Špringerová, Pavla ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on changes of organic carbon (OC) in surface waters in headwater areas. Thesis is in its theoretical part focused on the literature study of currently published research results of the issue. The important part is finding the possible causes of OC variability, especially landcover and soil environment. The practical part is devoted to research in experimental basins of KFGG, namely in the upper Vydra, Blanice and Rolava. The aim of this work is to clarify the relationships between organic matter concentrations and discharge rates regarding to hydrological extremes. Furthermore, the influence of river basin size and various landcover and variability of concentrations and relationship with other indicators of biogeochemism is studied. The relationship between OC and discharge rate is positive and in most river basins strong or very strong. The weakest relationship was monitored on the profiles with the highest proportion of peatlands in the river basin. In these catchments, the highest average concentrations of OC were determined in autumn, in catchments with the lower proportion of peatlands it is in summer. Analysis of rainfall-runoff events confirmed the positive relationship of OC and discharge. The lag time of the maximum OC concentration beyond the maximum discharge...
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Usage of meteorological data in hydrological modelling (case study in upper Vydra catchment)
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šípek, Václav
This paper deals with an evaluation of runoff formation at a small catchment (0.6 km2) consisting of two dominant soil types of the Vydra headwaters. Several Hydro-meteorological parameters have been measured at the study catchment and used in a hydrological model in an effort to estimate a proportion of surface or subsurface flow components and their effects on the outflow process. Chosen hydrological model showed that a greater proportion of an outflow from the catchment is generated, in general, from a peat bog area, mainly due to the lower evapotranspiration from the peatland compared to the mineral soil. On the contrary, during dry periods most of the outflow comes from a mineral soil and a peat bog contributes only to the outflow from the lower, permanently saturated layer.
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Hydrological drought in headwater areas of the Ore Mountains
Vlach, Vojtěch ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
Changes in the hydrological cycle are one of the expected impacts of climate change. Until recently, Central European mountain ranges have not been considered to be affected by water scarcity. Nevertheless, recent years have suggested an increasing risk of drought occurrence also in these regions, which have a major impact on the water supply to rivers that drain them. The master thesis deals with the evaluation of hydrological drought in the headwater areas of three catchments in the Ore Mountains for the period from 1967 to 2018. The main aim is to compare the of hydrological drought characteristics in the catchment areas of upper Svatava River, upper Rolava River and Načetínský brook based on available hydrological and climatic data. In connection with this, the work aims to detect the long-term trends of drought occurrence in selected basins. Furthermore, the emphasis is given on the evaluation of natural conditions, especially the historical and current land cover changes in the study catchments. The results point to a significant change in the seasonality of the occurrence of hydrological drought in the second half of the studied period, when the streamflow deficits concentrate between August and October. Furthermore, increasing trends in deficit volumes were found in the catchment areas of...
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Houby revitalizovaného rašeliniště Soumarský Most
MATYSKOVÁ, Pavlína
This thesis is concerned with monitoring of fungal fruiting bodies and environmental factors influencing their occurrence (vegetation, pH, conductivity, water level and peat level) on 11 permanent areas, in three main vegetation types (Pine mire forests with Vaccinium, succession stage with high level of ground water and succession stage with low level of ground water) on the revitalized peat bog Soumarský Most. The total number of 104 fungal species were recorded, of which 79 belong to Basidiomycota (areas 9x9 m) and 35 belong to Ascomycota (inner areas 3x3 m). The highest Ascomycota species richness was found in succession stage with a high level of groundwater, whereas the highest Basidiomycota species richness was found in succession stage with a low level of groundwater. The occurrence of Ascomycota fruiting bodies was influenced by water level while the occurence of Basidiomycota fruiting bodies by the thickness of peat and the occurrence of Pinus rotundata.
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Distribution of sulfur isotopes in peat bogs
Haluzová, Eva ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Zachariáš, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this barchelor thesis is to describe the influence of human activity to sulphur cycle and monitoring processes and changes in this cycle with the assistance of specific sulphur isotopes. The first part describes sulphur and its compounds, then appearence in environment and its total cycle. The next part is focused on specific sulphur isotopes and thein application in studies of soils and peats. The final part summarizes total results and informations of human activity and it's influence on the sulphur cycle.
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History and present of peat extraction on the area Borkovická blata
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Monika
In the general section of this thesis are shortly characterized fossil fuel, peat bogs and peat, process of their origin, their types and importance. Another important part of this work is the extraction of peat, its trend, subsequent restoration and environmental problem of the peat extraction. The main part is the characteristic of the area Borkovická blata, mapping out mining process in the area and the present condition. Furthermore, there is shortly characterized the company Rašelina, a. s., which extracted in Borkovická blata peat for a long time and is still engaged in the extraction and processing of peat.
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Role of wetlands in water budget of landscape
Pokorný, J. ; Lhotský, R.
Wetlands are unterstood as shallow, seasonally or permanently waterlogger or flooded areas which normaly suppostr hydrophytic vegetation. Various definitions of wetlands are given. Water retention above soil surface, in wetland soil and role of wetland plants in water cycle and solar energy dissipation are briefly explained. Examples of long term monitoring water retention in a peat bog and functioning of a wetland landscape during flood are given. Role of watelands in landscape restoration is mentioned.
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