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Isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles of parasitic helminths
MAZANEC, Hynek
Excretory-secretory products (ESP) serve as important mediators of intercellular and inter-species communication. They were originally thought to be secreted mainly in a soluble form, but recent discoveries indicate their delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs). These membraneous particles provide protection from degradation for some of their components, as well as targeted delivery through various receptors on their surface. As such they have been studied as potent immunomodulators in host-pathogen relationships. With respect to parasitic helminths, EVs are being studied as agents for diagnosis, vaccination or therapeutics. However, their general biology, especially their biogenesis patterns, is still poorly understood compared to their functional role.Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to investigate in more detail the secretion activity of EVs in different tapeworms and their life-cycle stages. Under laboratory conditions, the life cycle of Schistocephalus solidus, a tapeworm with an aquatic life cycle, was established to explore EVs secretion at different developmental stages. Moreover, we used proteomic analyses and ultrastructural observations to identify the main biogenesis pathways behind EVs secretion in a terrestrial tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. This also allowed for the comparison of EVs generation in tapeworms with different host types.
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Hodnocení míry parazitární infekce koní v aktivním ustájení
HŘEBEJKOVÁ, Lucie
Over the course of a year, parasite infestation was repeatedly monitored in 24 horses and 3 ponies using the McMaster test. EPG levels chase throughout the year, being highest in spring and lowest in winter. They are generally Lower in ponies than in large horses. In spring all animals were clasified as infected with a strondylides gra-dual decrease in the proportion of animals with high EPG values since spring. The highest value found for the horse was 3075, while the highest value for the pony was 1200 EPG. The correlation was then confirmed statistically, hen the value of p = 0,004 0,05. The high variability of determinations suggests a significant influence of an animal's individual characteristics rather than a correlation with age, animal species, or time of determination (p 0.05).
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Technické a alternativní metody k šetrnému tlumení varoózy
NOVOTNÝ, Josef
Varroosis is a disease afflicting beehive on every continent except for Australia. Since 2000 the disease is known to be caused by the Varroa destructor mite. This thesis' first goal was to summarize information about this parasite and the methods limiting its impact. The second goal was to prepare and conduct a test verifying the effectiveness of the ultrasound method, which was carried out with the Varroa-Killer-Sound device. In order to enable the analysis, bee samples from two hives were chosen and those were then tested for the quantity of Varroa destructor females using the sugar shake method. The first sample group consisted of bees treated with the ultrasound method, the latter were control beehives, which were not experimentally treated. Furthermore, other factors were continually measured: temperature, relative humidity, and dew point of the external environment. The results of the research were analyzed by the STATISTICA 12 program.
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Vyhodnocení vlivu nekonvenčních způsobů léčby využívaných v ekologickém zemědělství na výskyt vybraných endoparazitů u koní
RANNÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on getting information about the effect of unconventional treatment against specific horse endoparasites used in ecological agriculture and applying it on chosen horse-breeding. The experiment was carried out with 14 horses from the same stable, divided into three herds. The horses were divided into two groups prior to the given dewormer. One group was treated unconventionally - by homeopathic remedy PVB etat vermieux. The second control group got allopathic drugs - chemical deworming paste (Noromectin Praziquantel Duo). Qualitative coprological examinations were performed to detect parasitic infection. The examinations were performed before the administration of both types of preparations and two weeks after the administration, weekly control coprological examinations were performed for a period of 5 weeks after the administration of the preparations. The last control coprological examination was performed in the veterinary laboratory on week 9 of the experiment. Except for one horse, all of them were attacked by small and large strongylides prior to administration, in one horse, equine tapeworm eggs were also present during the coprological examination. Allopathic drugs showed very good efficacy in coprological analyzes, only one horse (six-month-old foal) had horseworm eggs during the first five weeks. At the final control coprological examination, negative intensity was maintained in 5 of 6 horses. Low intensity of parasitic infection (+) was examined in one of these horses. During the first 5 weeks, only a partial decrease in parasitic infection was observed within the homeopathically treated horses, and one horse was maintained at a negative intensity during all coprological examinations. Results from week 9 confirmed the assumption that homeopathically treated horses will gradually reduce parasitic infection. Examinations showed negative intensity in 7 of 8 horses, which were given the homeopathic preparation PVB etat vermieux. Only one horse showed a low intensity of parasitic infection (+). The experiment showed comparable efficacy of allopathic and homeopathic deworming drugs.
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Výskyt vnitřních parazitů koní ve vybraných chovech
HOŘEJŠOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to process literature data on the occurrence, deve-lopmental stages and the possibilities of breeding measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses, supplemented by self-monitoring in the specified breeding. The EPG values of the box housing were compared with a new only beginning type of active housing. Age, pedigree and climatic conditions were also taken into ac-count.
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Selected proteolytic aspects as targets to combat ticks and tick borne pathogens
HARTMANN, David
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) represent a growing global burden for both human and animal health. Tick-host-pathogen interactions have evolved through dynamic processes that accommodated the genetic traits of the hosts, pathogens transmitted, and the vector tick species that mediate their development and survival. As in other parasites, proteases and proteolysis have been found as one of the key factors in this interaction triangle. This thesis is focused on selected proteolytic aspects of tick and tick-borne diseases: (i) processing of host blood as a source of nutrients and energy (hematophagy) as a continuum of the long-term goal of the Laboratory of Vector Immunology, that established the currently accepted model of multienzyme degradation of host blood proteins by ticks (ii) proteases in innate immunity (iii) validation of Babesia proteasome as a potential therapeutic target against the tick transmitted apicomplexan parasites.
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Comparison of Biology Textbooks used in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria with Special Attention to Parasitology
Glavanakovová, Marie ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to compare Czech and Bulgarian Biology textbooks for primary and secondary schools with a special focus on parasitic organisms. The goal was to determine the differences in the processing of textbooks and whether the topic of parasitology is comprehended fundamentally different. The evaluation was performed as a qualitative analysis as the textbooks were scored according to pre-set criteria. Furthermore, in the quantitative part of the research, the occurrence of individual parasites in the examined textbooks was monitored. The analysis also focused on the comparison of educational systems and educational programs taking parasitic organisms into consideration. In my work, I came to the conclusion that both regions have modern textbooks with a high standard but in Bulgaria there is a better integration of health education in textbooks than in the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the work describes significant differences in secondary school curricula.
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Protists in oral cavity of humans and animals.
Brixí, Kateřina ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Rada, Petr (referee)
Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas gallinae, Trichomonas gypaetinii, Trichomonas stableri, Trichomonas equibuccalis, Trichomonas brixi, Tetratrichomonas canistomae, Tetratrichomonas felistomae and Tetratrichomonas empyemagena are unicellular eukaryotes (protists) that may occur in oral cavity of humans and domestic animals. These protozoans are mostly referred as commensals and relatively low attention is paid to them, since they usually are not primary cause of serious health problems. However, based on current knowledge, it can be concluded that more appropriate term for Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax would be an opportunistic pathogen, while Trichomonas gallinae is a primary pathogen. There are very little studies and findings about the rest of oral protozoans and their pathogenicity, therefore it is not possible to assess their significance for a host. Nevertheless, the oral protozoans should not be neglected, as in some cases they can cause serious health complications in their host.
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Honeybee parasites and their influence on the gut microbiome.
Řezníková, Johanka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Given the great ecological and economic importance of the honeybee, the health of honeybee colonies is under intense research. The scientific community is desperately trying to understand the heavy losses in the honeybee population, which we are currently facing. The reduction in their population could be caused by insecticides, weather, diet composition, disruption gut microbiome, some bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A lot of information is known about individual stress factors, less so about the interaction between them. This work is therefore focused on summarising information about a few chosen honeybee parasites with consideration for their effect on the microbiome of the digestive tract. There were chosen six of the most important and commonly discussed species of parasites: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim, Varroa destructor, and Acarapis woodi. The first chapter is dedicated to the honeybee, its taxonomy, anatomy, life in the colony, and defense against pathogens. The second chapter discusses more details of the intestinal microbiome of bees, its composition, function, and disturbance. The following sections focus on individual bee parasites and their effect on the host's intestinal microbiome.
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Democratic Architecture – Kamenný vrch
Bittnerová, Monika ; Sitar, Tomáš (referee) ; Palaščak, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the revitalization of the Brno Kamenný vrch area with architecture parasitizing on the open gables of prefabricated houses. The first part of the thesis contains analyzes of the territory and conclusions obtained from them. The theory is followed by the concept of the project, which is the design of a cultural house. Details are discussed in the urban and architectural design. The construction part clarifies the design by describing the construction and construction details.
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