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Velikost kořenového systému pšenice seté ve vazbě na výnos biomasy
Němec, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the size of root system on the grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the literature review, there is a description of the origin and anatomical structure of the root system, the description of the abiotic factors (lack of water, air temperature and mineral nutrition) and their influence on the properties of the root system and also the relationship between the root system size and grain yield of cereals. The second part of the thesis is focused on methods of studying the root system by electrical capacity. The practical part evaluated the size of the root system (RSS) of the selected varieties of wheat sown in the field experiment. The RSS was measured at three growth stages (columning, earing and filling grains) by the method of electric capacity. It was found that there are statistically conclusive differences in the RSS between the varieties of wheat with different baking quality, of which the category B had the largest root system in stem elongation and category C during the grain filling. The influence of the root system size on grain yield was not statistically conclusive, however, the positive correlation between the RSS at the stage of grain filling with grain yield (r=0.433) was detected.
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The role of adhesion of the plasma membrane to the cell wall in the development and function of the root system
Králíková, Dagmar ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (referee)
Adhesion between the plasma membrane and the cell wall and the existence of the continuum of these two compartments is needed for signal transmission, e.g. under pathogen attack, during cell expansion and cell wall growth, or in response to environmental conditions. This adhesion is, in addition to the turgor, provided by physical connection of both compartments. One of the best-known examples of physical connection is found in the root system, in the Caspary strip region, where it is required to maintain apoplastic barriers of the root system, even under adverse conditions and consequent plasmolysis. There is little information about the physical interconnection and the participating macromolecules but there are candidates, which could participate in this interaction. The diploma thesis deals with arabinogalactan (AGP) proteins with fasciclin-like domain (namely FLA9 and FLA2). These proteins may play a role in the adhesion of plasma membrane and cell wall and may be involved in the growth regulation and development of the root system. Both genes are are relatively strongly expressed in the roots, especially in the elongation zone and in the cortex, including the endodermis (according to chip data). Also, to a smaller extent, the thesis deals with integrin-like At14A protein. The most interesting...
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Reaction of plants to the presence of ammonium ion in the environment
Čabelková, Barbora ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
NH4 + is one of the major inorganic forms of nitrogen taken up by plant roots from the soil. The response of plants to NH4 + depends on a number of factors - especially its concentration in the rhizosphere or the availability of other ions such as K+ or NO3 - . In the case of a low nitrogen availability in the rhizosphere, NH4 + positively affects the growth of the root system. In the NH4 + -rich area of rhizosphere, local stimulation of lateral root branching may occur to enhance effective acquisition of the present nitrogen source. A sensor that perceives NH4 + and induces this response of root system response is the high affinity ammonium transporter AMT1;3. With excess NH4 + , the growth of the whole plant is inhibited and this phenomenon is called ammonium toxicity syndrome. This syndrome is the result of the interaction of NH4 + with various processes in the plant and induced K+ deficiency is one of the most important signs of this syndrome. NH4 + and K+ directly interfere with each other during uptake. NH4 + enters the plant through K+ channels and also inhibits the expression of the high affinity K+ transporters, thereby significantly reduces its uptake. NH4 + and K+ interference is one of the main topics that this bachelor thesis focuses on. It also summarizes mechanisms of uptake and...
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Vliv asymetrie kořenového systému na odolnost vůči vyvrácení
Pekárek, Vladimír
This thesis deals with the stability of trees depending on the symmetry or asymmetry of the root system, collecting data using, tensile tests and procesing of data. It also works with the capabilities to deal with the asymmetry of the root system of conifers and deciduous trees using their adaptation growth. And describes the basic factors in urbanized environment acts on the root system. In the end of this thesis was proved by outcomes, that even very big asymetry of the tree doesn't have to have relevant effect on the tree stability
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Stress induced morphogenic response in plant root system
Otradovcová, Michala ; Soukup, Aleš (advisor) ; Vaňková, Radomíra (referee)
The root system architecture adjustment is one of the possible plant reactions to stress effects of environmental conditions. The shape of root system is jointly formed by the root apical meristem activity, the rate of elongation of root cells and by the degree of formation, developement and organization of secondary and adventitious roots. This paper aims to describe basic mechanisms of the root system developement and outline the morphological and regulatory changes occuring during development while being affected by selected stress factors.
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Oilseed rape root system development with regard to various ways of soil preparation
Němcová, Michaela ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Krček, Vítězslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the root system of winter rape with regard to various tillage methods. Resolves, whether for winter rape and its root systém is better standart tillage or minimization. This problem was solved by a one-year research. Sectional characters of each soil treatment such as a root length, diameter of root crown, the length of the longest leaf, number of leaves, the weight of fresh and dried roots were compared in two periods. The results were very good for both technologies, but standart tillage was better in more partial characters. The conclusion of this work is that the standart tillage has a better effect on the development of the root system of winter rape and this experiment should be repeated for longer-term comparisons.
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Root system morphology of bare root and containerized beech and oak plants
Becher, Vladimír ; Kupka, Ivo (advisor) ; Bílek, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis follows the bachelor thesis on comparison of morphological and economic parameters of various types of seedlings, which resulted in the planting of containerized and bare root seedlings of the European beech (Fagus sylvativa Linne) and the English oak (Quercus robur Linnaeus) in a forest regeneration in September 2011 and April 2012.
The measurement of the height and thickness of the root neck of the seedlings was carried out on designated plots in March 2015. I also investigated possible mortality from the afforestation inspection in July 2012. Furthermore, 154 seedlings, 84 containerized seedlings a 70 bare root seedlings, in order to evalutate the development of the root system, its possible deformation and subsequently detection of the volume by using xylometric method. The data collected in the field were processed into tables and compared with the results observed in the bachelor thesis.
The average figures for the height, the thickness of the root neck and the volume of the root system showed almost identical development of bare root and containerized seedlings in the forest cover, even though the figures of individual seedlings were highly variable. When reviewing the development of the root system, I found unacceptable deformation of the main taproot at 25% containerized seedlings and 20% bare root seedlings. The remaining seedlings were without deformation or with acceptable deformation of the taproot (wavy taproot, unbalanced taproot with the axis in the above-ground part, an outgrowth).
It was discovered that containerized seedlings were more easily removable from the ground, the seedlings were not sufficiently fixed in the ground and its root system was in some cases less developed than it was with bare root seedlings. This may be influenced by several factors, e.g. the influence of richness of the root system on fine roots, the obstruction of development of the root system by cementing the surrounding soil when using the slit method.
The bare root seedlings, the English oak in particular, showed root development to a greater depth, which is very important not only for sealing but also as an important factor in the drought season and extreme summer temperatures when there is rapid exhaustion of the moisture in the upper horizon of the soil due to the vapor.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to verify these findings in a larger sample size, as there had been major damage of the forest.
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Vliv deficitní výživy na růst, vývoj a aktivitu kořenového systému kukuřice seté (Zea mays, L.)
Nádvorníková, Marie
The aim of hydroponic cultivation experiment was the determination of the influence of deficient nutrition on the maize (Zea Mays, L.) growth and root system. The model crop was maize hybrid SY ONDINA. The experiment had six deficient variants (P, N, K, Ca, S, Mg) and variant with all nutritions (control variant). During the experiment were taking plants at an interval of 7 days. The dry matter of root and stem was weighed, the content of nutrition and the size of root system were set. The antagonism and synergism between elements were showed. The bigger reduction of root dry mass had plants with potassium and calcium deficiency. The plants with deficient (expecially deficiency of calcium, nitrogen, magnesium and potassium) had very restricted root structure. The lowest value of root electrical capacitancy had plants with potassium and calcium deficiency.
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Produkce biomasy ječmene setého v závislosti na parametrech kořenového systému
Foltýn, Martin
The thesis deals with production of biomass of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) depending on the parameters of a root system. The theoretical part is focused on the methods of assessment of root system of plants, the influence of environment and genotype on the qualities of a root system of plants and on the relation between the parameters of a root system and the yield of field crops. Another part of the thesis is a statistical assessment of the results of a field experiment with spring barley, which was realized in the locality Hořejší Kunčice in 2014 and in the localities Hrubčice and Želešice in 2012 and 2013. By means of the method of measuring electrical capacity, the size of the root system of four varieties of spring barley and their hybrids was assessed in three development stages: BBCH 36, BBCH 55 and BBCH 71. The yield of grain and the yield of biomass were assessed in the stage BBCH 89. An important influence of the size of the root system on the yield of grain in stage BBCH 55 (r = 0,643*) was discovered in 2013 in Hrubčice. In Želešice, 2013, an important influence of the size of the root system on the yield of grain was found in all the examined development stages, BBCH 36 (r = 0,650*), BBCH 55 (0,824*) and in the stage BBCH 71 the influence was highly important (r = 0,839**).
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