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The role of the pediatric nurse in the prevention of infectious gastroenteritis in the pediatric ward.
CARDOVÁ, Barbora
The master thesis focuses on the role of a pediatric nurse in the prevention of infectious gastroenteritis in the pediatric departments. In the theoretical part of the thesis the focus is paid to general information concerning gastroenteritis and preventive measures in case they occur in the pediatric departments. In the empirical part of the thesis three goals are set. 1. Evaluate the health literacy of pediatric nurses working in the maternity ward and pediatric department in the field of pediatric gastroenteritis. 2. To assess the health literacy of pediatric nurses working in pediatric departments in the field of preventive measures against the spread of gastroenteritis in maternity wards and pediatric departments. And the 3rd last goal was to determine the opinions of pediatric nurses working in primary care and in pediatric departments regarding the optional vaccination of children against rotavirus. This part of the thesis deals with the analysis of data obtained using a self-administrated questionnaire. Questionnaires were given in the Hradec Králové region to nurses working in the pediatric and maternity departments of four local hospitals and to nurses in primary care at general practitioners for children and adolescents. The return of properly completed questionnaires was a total of 146, of which 110 questionnaires were from inpatient departments and 36 questionnaires from primary care. The research has shown that nurses have knowledge in the field of gastroenteritis, but they are not 100% informed. In the area of preventive measures of the spread of gastroenteritis, both research groups of nurses are very well oriented, and additionally nurses from primary care have a more positive opinion regarding the vaccination against rotavirus than nurses from inpatient departments. The output of the master thesis is a educational material for nurses, focused on the prevention of transmission of infectious gastroenteritis in pediatric inpatient departments.
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Specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease
KŮSOVÁ, Marie
The bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children hospitalized with infectious disease. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part deals with infectious diseases in childhood, specifically infectious diseases of the digestive and respiratory tract, infectious exanthematous disease and infections affecting the CNS. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for children with these diseases and their needs during hospitalization. It describes the transmission and agents of infectious diseases, as well as the prevention of infectious diseases in children, specifically the barrier regimen. The research section focuses on the specifics of nursing care and the most common nursing problems in children with infectious disease. The aim of this part was to identify and describe the specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease. A qualitative form of research inquiry was used to conduct the research through semi-structured interviews with ten participants. Nurses from the children's ward were deliberately selected for the research investigation. The questions were directed at specific systems that are discussed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The research investigation was completed after theoretical data saturation. Further, it was then categorized using the open coding method, specifically the pencil and paper method. Based on this coding, several categories and sub-categories were constructed. From the research, it was found that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with infectious disease. Nurses can describe the barrier nursing care procedure, but not all nurses follow this procedure. Nurses are able to list and describe the most commonly encountered nursing problems in infectious diseases.
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Vliv managementu a technologie odchovu telat na výskyt parazitárních onemocnění
PAŘÍZKOVÁ, Petra
Faecal samples were collected from two dairy farms. The influence of management and technology on the incidence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria infections was investigated. A total of 20 calves from each farm were observed from birth to 16 weeks of age, and faecal samples from each animal were examined weekly. A total of 680 faecal samples were collected and examined. Parasite detection was performed by a combination of standard parasitological microscopic and molecular methods. Infections with C. parvum subtypes IIaA13G1R1 and IIaA17G1R1, C. ryanae subtype XXIc, E. zuernii, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. bovis, E. auburnensis, and E. subsferica were detected. The cumulative prevalence of C. parvum on the sampled farms was 85 %, and the prevalence of infection was detected at one to four weeks of age. The cumulative prevalence of Eimeria spp. reached 100 % in calves from both monitored farms at 16 weeks of age. Feeding high-quality colostrum with a higher immunoglobulin content reduced the intensity of infections caused by C. parvum. The risk of Eimeria infection increased with the length of time calves remained in the farrowing room when the newborn animals were in contact with older calves. Inadequate technique for raising calves together after weaning resulted in an increased incidence of diarrheal disease.
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Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among children under 5 years and the prevention and treatment regimens in the Kitase community of Ghana
Amponsah, Ebo Owusu
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria in children under the age of five living in the Kitase Community in Ghana, as well as possible causes, preventative measures, and therapeutic approaches. The principal goals of the research were accomplished through the use of a hospital-based cross-section design, which required the gathering of primary data from women living in the Kitase township, which is located within the Akuapim South Municipal Assembly in Ghana. For the analysis, we utilised version 16 of the STATA statistical software. The chi-squared test and logistic regression were performed to determine the relationship between malaria incidence and household and environmental characteristics. Findings showed that malaria prevalence among under 5 children was 19.62% with a total of 46.15% with at least occurrence of malaria illness in the past three months. Also, ownership of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) was 77.31%, and its use among 58.46% of mothers. However, Environmental characteristics such as bushes, waste dumpsites, stagnant water, and breeding areas around the house increase the odds of malaria infection by AOR of 1.885, 2.455, 2.197, and 2.060, respectively. Therefore, the study recommends that health authorities in the study area ensure the proper usage of LLINs (mosquito nets) through regular and effective education on preventive measures and ensure that good sanitation is observed in settlements.
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Complex Evaluation of Immune Defects in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Vodárek, Pavel ; Belada, David (advisor) ; Doubek, Michael (referee) ; Papajík, Tomáš (referee)
Complex evaluation of immune defects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia MUDr. Pavel Vodárek Abstract of dissertation thesis Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with significant combined immunodeficiency. Amongst most important immune defects are hypogammaglobulinemia and changes in relative and absolute counts of different lymphocyte populations and subsets. As consequence of these changes, there can be higher frequency of infections and progression of CLL itself. The impact of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) on immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and lymphocyte populations has not been extensively studied. In this dissertation thesis, we analysed Ig levels and lymphocyte populations (using flow cytometry) in 45 patients with indolent untreated CLL and 90 patients with progressive disease indicated for treatment. In 58 patients, we evaluated the impact of first-line CIT. For lymphocyte populations' analysis, we had also cohort of 34 healthy controls. Patients with progressive disease had significantly lower levels of all Ig classes and subclasses than patients with inactive disease: IgG, median 6.96 vs. 9.86 g/l, p=0.0001; IgA, median 0.63 vs. 1.53 g/l, p<0.0001; IgM, median 0.36 vs. 0.57 g/l, p=0.0035. After treatment, median IgA increased from 0.59 g/l to 0.74 g/l (p=0.0031). Other Ig classes and...
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Monogenic susceptibility to infectious pathogens
Bloomfield, Markéta ; Šedivá, Anna (advisor) ; Koziar Vašáková, Martina (referee) ; Litzman, Jiří (referee)
(ENG) The modern approach to studies of monogenic inborn errors of immunity, driven by unprecedented advances of genetic tools, opens vast undiscovered areas of immune system components and functions. In particular, the diseases with striking clinical phenotypes with normal or near normal baseline immunophenotype, such as disorders of innate and intrinsic immunity with susceptibility to single pathogen, provide a unique window into the host-pathogen interactions. This thesis covers various novel aspects of immunopathology, genetics and clinical facets behind some such diseases, namely chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to hypermorphic (gain-of-function, GOF) STAT1 mutations, which hamper Th17-associated immune activities, and Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) due to impairment of IL-12, IL-23/IFNγ signalling pathway. Moreover, it contributes to the mounting evidence that IL- 6 signalling is non-redundant in anti-staphylococcal immunity. Finally, it explores the novel Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS- TS) as a single pathogen-driven life-threatening immunopathology, which most likely develops due to individual, yet unknown, genetic predisposition. The findings presented in this thesis were in several cases translated...
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Nurse's knowlege how to care for peripheral or central catheter
Fialová, Denisa ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
One of the basic skills of nursing staff is the knowledge of how to care for venous catheters. It is one of the important aspects of the care process. The aim of this work was to compare two different treatment units. III. Chirurgickou kliniku 1 LF UK a FN Motol and Interní kliniku 2 LF UK a FN Motol. The research was planned at I. Chirurgická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, but I didn't receive an answer with an agreement. The next goal was to compare which clinic has a richer experience. To find out, whether the intensive care unit has higher quality care compared to the standard unit. The theoretical part describes different options for how a venous catheter gets inserted. There are introduced kinds of venous catheters, that are available nowadays. They have also mentioned their benefits for patients. Venous catheters may be divided based on the duration they can remain in the human body. In this chapter, there are described convenient locations for inserting, indications, contraindications, and correct techniques of how to care for the venous catheters. In the empirical part, there is the research of my own design included. It contains graphs and tabular protocol with results. The questionnaires were distributed among employers of mentioned clinics. The results of this research point out that...
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Use of barrier nursing care techniques in outpatient services
ŠAFÁŘOVÁ, Marie
This bachelor's thesis is about using barrier nursing care techniques in outpatient services. The first part describes the present situation, which includes single techniques of barrier nursing care, namely mechanical washing of hands, using personal protective equipment, disinfection, sterilization, and manipulation with used medical materials. The next part of the thesis is about applicable legal norms which are related to these issues. The thesis also has a part about the role of the nurse in outpatient services and the nursing process. The separate chapter is also devoted to nosocomial infections. In the second part are definitions of three targets. The first is to find out which types of protective equipment are used by nurses in outpatient services. The second target is to find out how nurses use hand hygiene techniques and the third is to find out which way nurses are manipulating used medical materials. The third part describes research methods. For qualitative research, the investigation was by deliberately selecting seven outpatient services in the territory of the capital city of Prague. The data collection technique is a semi-structured interview and participatory observation of a nurse working in outpatient services. The research was focused on the use of protective equipment, hand hygiene by nurses, and manipulation of used medical supplies. The fourth part contains the results of the research investigation, which are analyzed in the subsequent discussion, which provides a comparison of current legislation, literature, and results from practice. The conclusion of this thesis is that some techniques of barrier nursing care, namely proper hand hygiene, use of protective equipment, and compliance with some legislative standards in the field of prevention of the risk of infection, are not yet so included in the automatism of nurses working in outpatient services. The output of this thesis is a draft of a workshop on the topic of the thesis, especially hand hygiene and prevention of infection transmission.
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Spontánní regrese rakoviny
RADOVÁ, Lenka
The main goal of this thesis is to find and gather documented cases of spontaneous cancer regression without targeted therapy. Based on the case studies, this thesis aims to categorize individual cases and explain spontaneous regression at the immunological level. According to the findings, we will attempt to evaluate whether the observed cases of cancer regression would find experimental or clinical use.
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Epidemické modely s vakcinací a behaviorálními změnami
LUNGA, Petr
Compartmental models used in mathematical epidemiology were studied in order to learn about basic principles of those models and to create new ones. First two chapters are about basic SIR model, it's history and analysis. Next chapters then contain models with behavioral changes and vaccination. Models were illustrated by simulations created in the software AnyLogic.
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