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The influence of the education on carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing in patients with Type 1 diebetes mellitus
Zadáková, Eliška ; Horová, Eva (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and the possibility of using carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing as a strategy to improve patient compensation. The theoretical part presents diabetes mellitus as such. The bases of other types of diabetes are briefly described here, but most of the space is devoted to Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of the disease, symptoms, diagnosis, acute and chronic complications are described here. What is the treatment and the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of individual types of insulin therapy. Part of non-pharmacological treatment deals in general with the importance of physical activity in T1DM and the relation to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The theoretical basis of the problem of carbohydrate units counting in connection with the flexible insulin dosing is described here. The whole practical part is devoted to teaching and using carbohydrate units counting and flexible insulin dosing, i.e. adjusting the dose of insulin to food, in patients monitored in the Diabetology Center, 3rd Internal Department, General Teaching Hospital. Research data were obtained using a questionnaire method. Responses from a total of 88 respondents and the data collection from the medical system after...
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Induction of beta-cell proliferation by synthetic modified mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators
Ivanovská, Dana ; Koblas, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a high blood glucose level over a prolonged period of time. Hyperglycemia is caused by the loss of pancreatic insulin producing beta cells. Diabetes mellitus II is linked with insulin resistence, which can indirectly lead to beta cell deficiency. It logically follows that the replacement or regeneration of beta cells could lead to a successful remission of diabetes. D type cyclins (D1, D2, D3) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 4/6 appear to have the potential to induce beta cell proliferation. These proteins are responsible for driving cell mitotic entry. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to verify the possibility of inducing beta cell proliferation via D type and Cdk4/6 synthetic mRNA transfection. In vitro-synthesized mRNA induces short-therm protein overexpression. Cyclins harboring mutations are characterized by a higher protein stability and an increased half-life. The presence of D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 after cell transfection was detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Also a Western blot analysis with subsequent immunodetection was performed. Transfecting rat islet cells with various D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 mRNA combinations has shown to lead to a significant induction of beta cell proliferation. The levels of beta cell...
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Chov a zdravotní problematika osmáků degu
Schwalbová, Klára
The content of the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is a literary overview of the zoological classification, breeding, nutrition and the most frequent health problems of degu deer. Special attention is paid to diabetes mellitus, which often occurs in ossicles due to their physiological predispositions. Since one of the basic methods of diabetes prevention is optimization of nutrition without the inclusion of high-fat and high-fat feeds, repeated weight and urinalysis of glucose is used in health monitoring. The practical part includes the results of long-term (and lifelong) live weight monitoring of several animals of their own, the results of long-term and repeated monitoring of urinary excretion of glucose, as well as the results of a simple feed experiment with the inclusion of rich fruit sugars in the feed of osmates. Growth curves of dew oscabs have been developed and regular weighing has been shown to significantly help in early diagnosis of pathological conditions and diseases (such as dental problems) that cause weight loss. From the glycosuria monitoring and feed experiment, it emerged that after the intake of energy-rich feed, it is quite common for certain animals to excrete pathological amounts of glucose, but this can be re-adjusted by the appropriate dietary regimen. The results thus demonstrate the utmost importance of knowledge and respect for the physiological traits of the Osama degu. Adherence to the principles of good nutrition and proper monitoring of the state of health are prerequisites for the successful breeding of these animals. Degu, health problems, disease, diabetes
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Kvalita cukrovky při uplatnění intenzifikačních faktorů
Andrýsek, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor thesis has been to draw up a literature review on The quality of sugar beet after applying intensifying factors. In the practical part, a small-parcel field experiment has been conducted with the aim to examine the effect of extraroot nutrition from a company Klofáč spol. s.r.o. on the quality and the yield of sugar beet. We have tested these foliate fertilisers: Insenol, Carbon Si, Fumag 6NK Ca, Sulfika SB C, Carbon Bor K. For all these fertilisers, a positive effect on the technological quality of sugar beet has been proven. There has been a decrease in the content of harmful alpha amino nitrogen, the values varied up to 20 mg per 100 g of sugar beet, and there has also been a decrease in the content of soluble ash. Maximal values amounted only to 0.34 %. There has been a significant increase in sugar content and ripeness of the sugar beet. The values of MB factor ranged from 11.1 to 14.3. The extra-root nutrition has contributed to a harvest of high quality feedstock for subsequent processing. Indisputably, the good weather conditions and quality basic agrotechnology have also contributed with their part to it.
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Accuracy of Personal Glucometers
Kroulíková, Markéta ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with accuracy measurement of personal glucometers. The theoretical part is focused on processing information about glucose and its role in organism, diabetes mellitus, procedures and devices used in self-monitoring of glucose. The next part is focused on preparation of practical part, especially describing available personal glucometer, testing its measuring accuracy, the calculation of necessary measurements to perform the experiment and a description of the reference sample for data measurement.
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Modelling Binding of Insulin Variants toward Insulin Receptor Based on Recent Structural Breakthroughs
Černeková, Michaela ; Lepšík, Martin (advisor) ; Biedermannová, Lada (referee)
Insulin receptor is a multi-domain signalling protein acting as a dimer. It comprises an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Upon insulin binding, conformational changes in insulin as well as in insulin receptor occur and trigger the signaling cascade via the kinase domain. Abnormalities in insulin and insulin receptor function cause diabetes mellitus, a widespread disorder which can be consequence of genetic factors as well as lifestyle and is manifested by increased level of blood glucose. A common treatment of diabetes mellitus is via insulin analogues with different molecular properties. Insulin/insulin receptor interactions in the binding pocket are divided into two groups, so-called "site1" and "site2". The molecular details of the interactions in site1 are well known, while site2 residues are still not completely elucidated. It is important to shed light on the binding properties of insulin and insulin receptor, especially site2 interactions, because it could contribute to improved design of new insulin analogues. In this work, we used the very recent breakthroughs in the structural biology of insulin receptor to study the interactions by computational chemistry methods. It was thus possible to assess the noncovalent interactions and...
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Informovanost žáků 8. a 9. ročníků základních škol o chronických neinfekčních nemocech
KOLMANOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the current knowledge of the pupils of 8th and 9th grades of primary schools about selected chronical non-infectious diseases (known as civilisation diseases). The pupils of rural and urban types of primary schools have taken part in the questionnaire survey. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of selected diseases, their causes and prevention. In the practical part, the results of the survey are processed and evaluated.
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Molecular mechanism of insulin release
Tučková, Štěpánka ; Plecitá, Lydie (advisor) ; Bardová, Kristina (referee)
Insulin reduces glucose levels in blood and has impact on metabolism, cell- cycle and proliferation of target body cells. Its secretion from pancreatic β cells is induced right after food consumption, utilization in digestion system and nutrient elevation in blood circulation. Under physiological conditions molecular mechanisms include simultaneous effect of glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, ions, reactive oxygen species and neural and humoral system. The primary inducer is glucose, which is necessary also for insulin gene expression. Glucose modulates the fate of other nutrients, which enhance glucose stimulated insulin secretion. In general, glucose decreases fatty acid beta oxidation and increases the level of effector lipid intermediates in cytoplasm. The key processes within insulin release pathways are the Krebs cycle, pyruvate cycling and glycerole-3-phosphate/free fatty acids cycle. Moreover, endocrine signaling molecules, hormones and nervous system regulate insulin secretion through their receptors on β cell membranes. Disruption of regulatory mechanisms and insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues may lead to development of diabetes mellitus.
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Samojízdné sklízeče cukrovky
Vlach, Pavel
This bachelor thesis on the topic of Self-propelled sugar beet harvesters is focused on modern self-propelled sugar beet harvesters. The first part includes Czech and European agriculture in conjunction with sugar beet and the importance of sugar beet in the food and industrial applications. Thereafter the thesis describes breeding, harvesting and working procedures in the harvest of sugar beet. Thesis also focuses particularly self-propelled harvesters, their current construction solution, curiosities and technical-economic evaluation.
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